漢薬「夏枯草」の生薬学的研究

フォーマット:

論文

責任表示:

難波, 恒雄 ; 久保, 道徳 ; 御影, 雅幸

言語:

日本語

出版情報:

日本生薬学会 = The Japanese Society of Pharmacognosy, 1976-12-20

著者名:

• 難波, 恒雄
• 久保, 道徳
• 御影, 雅幸

掲載情報:

生薬学雑誌 = The Japanese journal of pharmacognosy

ISSN:

0037-4377      

巻:

30

通号:

2

開始ページ:

171

終了ページ:

182

バージョン:

publisher

概要:

"Xia-ku-cao (夏枯草)" is one of the Chinese crude drugs used mainly as a diuretic. While in Japan, the same drug called "Ka-go-so" has been used as a folk remedy for gonorrhea, bruises and etc. Regarding the origin of " … ;Xia-ka-cao," it was reported by Su et al. (1958) that those from continental China was originated in the fruited spica of Prunella vulgaris L. of Labiatae. It was, however, stipulated for the spica of Prunella vulgaris L. subsp. asiatica HARA in J. P. IX (1976). According to our survey of respective markets in Taiwan, Japan and Korea, most of the materials collected in the markets were seemed to be originated in Prunella plants, while some from Korea, were seemed to be Thesium plant of Santalaceae as reported by Ishidoya (1934). Furthermore from many descriptions and figures in various herbals (Ben-cdo-shil "Xia-ka-cao" is regarded to be originated in Prunella plants as shown Plate 1. To clarify the respective origin of five kinds of "Xia-ku-cad' from continental China, Taiwan, Japan and Korea, pharmacognostical studies were made in comparing them with Prunella vulgaris L. distributed mainly in Europe, P. vulgaris L. subsp. asiatica HARA in East Asia, P. prunelliformis MAKINO in Japan and Thesium chinense TURCZ. in Asia. By the present studies, it was clarified that all of "Xia-ka-cao" originated in Prunella plants were P. vulgaris subsp. asiatica, and the materials from continental China were consisted of spica only, while those from other countries were whole plants body of that plant, and some from Korea originated in Thesium chinense.「序文」「夏枯草」は神農本草経3)の下品に「一名夕句. 一名乃東. 味苦寒. 生川谷. 治寒熱瘰癧. 鼠瘻頭瘡. 破徴. 散嬰結気. 脚腫濕痺. 軽身」と記載された漢薬で, 漢方で古くから瘰癧, 化膿性皮膚疾患, 足の浮腫, リウマチ, 眼病4'5)などの治療薬として用いられており, またわが国では古くから民間的にも淋疾6)や打撲症7)に用いられてきた. 夏枯草の基源に関しては蘇ら8)が外部形態, 内部構造および市場調査により, LabiataeのPrunella unlgaris L. の果穂*)であると報告しており, 中葯志9)にもその説が採用されている. また本草学的にも唐本注5)の「此草生平澤葉似旋復首春即生四月穂出其花紫白似丹参花五月便枯處處有之」という記文や, 紹興本草10), 本草綱目11)などの附図(Plate 1)からもPrunella属植物を基源とするものであろうと思われる. しかし薬用部位に関しては花穂のみを使用することを明記した書物がなく, 本草原始12)にPrunella属植物と思われるものの全草が画かれ(Plate 1), 本草備要13)や本草求真14)に「用茎葉」「茎葉同用」などと記載されていることから, 夏枯草は本来全草薬物であったものと考えられる. 続きを見る

URL:

http://hdl.handle.net/2297/36580