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| 1.
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沼尾, 成晴 ; 田中, 喜代次 ; 林, 容市 ; 中垣内, 真樹 ; 藤村, 透子 ; 佐藤, 進 ; 出村, 慎一
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系<br />Although a self-report questionnaire has already been developed to evaluate maximal oxygen uptake
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(Vo_2max) indirectly, it is still unclear whether it can accurately predict Vo_2max, especially in middle-aged and older adults. The purpose of this study was to compare differences between directly measured Vo_2max using a cycle ergometer protocol and Vo_2max predicted by a self-report questionnaire. One hundred forty subjects (aged 61.3±8.2) were divided into four groups: control group (group C, n=33), walking group (group W, n=37), trekking group (group T, n=44) and jogging group (group J, n=26). Vo_2max was measured following an incremental protocol using a Monark cycle ergometer (measured Vo_2max) and by a self-report questionnaire (predicted Vo_2max). Pearson correlation coefficients between measured Vo_2max and predicted Vo_2max were significant in all groups. However, standard errors of estimation (SEE) of group J were higher than those reported in previous studies. The difference in measured Vo_2max and predicted Vo_2max correlated significantly with the mean between the measured and predicted Vo_2max in group J. There were significant differences between the measured Vo_2max and the predicted Vo_2max in groups T and J. These results suggest that when the exercise intensity is high, such as in jogging, and consequently when Vo_2max is high, the self-report questionnaire method might underestimate Vo_2max.
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| 2.
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出村, 慎一 ; 松浦, 義行 ; 田中, 喜代次
概要:
The purpose of the present study was to compare four sub-domains of physical fitness (physique, muscular strength, flexibility, and neuromuscular function) among different swimming strokes of highly skilled swimmers trained more than
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five years. One hundred and forty swimmers (20.2t2.9 yr) were categorized into six groups: sprint crawl (CR1), breast stroke (BR), back stroke (BA), butterfly stroke (BT), individual medley (IM), and long distance crawl (CR2). The Principal Factor Analysis was applied to four different correlation matrices, each consisting of various variables that represent any one of the physique, muscular strength, flexibility, and neuromuscular function sub-domains. The factor analysis, after rotation of the Normal Varimax Criterion procedure, resulted in the fol1owing inferences : 1) In a sub-domain of physique, three extracted factors were interpreted as subcutaneous fat, body linearity, and body bulk. Body linearity was found significantly superior in CR1 group to CR2 and BR groups, and in BA and IM groups to CR2 group. Body bulk was significantly greater in IM,BT, and CR1 groups as compared with BR and BA group. 2) Six factors (interpreted as arm strength, dynamic strength of arm-shoulder girdle and 1eg, static strength of abdomen, grip strength, strength of arm-shoulder girdle and explosive strength of leg, and dynamic strength abdomen) were extracted in a sub-domain of muscular strength. However, there were no distinct differences in any of the six factors between the groups. 3) Also in a sub-domain of flexibility, six factors were extracted and interpreted as trunk rotation, lateral trunk flexion, shoulder flexibility, ankle extension, ankle flexion, and trunk forward and backward flexibility. BT group as compared with CR1, CR2, and BR groups, and IM group as compared with CR2 and BR groups were found to possess significantly greater trunk rotation. Ankle extension appeared significantly superior in BA group to the other groups, and in BT group to BR, CR1 , and CR2 groups. 4) Limbs agility, trunk agility, dynamic balance, static balance, and whole body agility were five interpreted factors in a sub-domain of neuromuscular function. No distinct differences existed in any of these factors between the groups.
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| 3.
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青柳, 領 ; 松浦, 義行 ; 出村, 慎一 ; M. アンワール, パサウ ; 服部, 隆 ; 田中, 喜代次
概要:
The purposes of this study were 1) to clarify the factorial structure of coordination concerned balancing performance in childhood, and 2) to examine test batteries estimating each factor. Total of 22 test variables were
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administered to 234 kindergarden children. Principal factor solution and normal varimax rotation were applied to the correlation matrix which was calculate with 22 test variables. Then the following 9 factors were extracted and interpreted: 1) Coordination for jumping and agile movement. 2) Coordination for stand-up-movement, 3) Physical factor, 4) Coordination for body rotation. 5) Coordination for keeping posture balance in rotation, 6) Locomotive coordination, 7) Coordination for keeping posture balance at standing, 8) Coordination of trunk, 9) Coordination for forward rolling. The formulas for estimating each coordination score concerned balancing performance in childhood were devised as follows; SF1 = 2.4X_<10> + 0.8X_<11> + 0.08X_<13> + 37.1, SF2 = 0.8X_8 + 0.3X_9 + 3.9X_<20> + 21.7, SF4 = 2.3X_1 + 3.8X_6 + 6.8X_<15> + 32.0, SF5 = 3.6X_2 - 0.4X_3 + 0.4X_9 - 0.3X_<16> + 2.2X_<18> + 27.1, SF6 = 0.02X_4 + 0.2X_<12> + 0.001X_<17> + 42.7, SF7 = 2.1X_<14 >+ 0.7X_<16> + 0.02X_<17> + 38.7, SF8 = - 0.03X_4 + 0.4X_7 + 0.9X_<15> + 0.01X_<17> + 0.3X_<18> + 48.6, SF9 = 2.0X_5 + 0.2X_<13> + 0.4X_<15> + 2.3X_<16 >- 0.001X_<17> +1.0X_<20> + 15.1, (SF3 is omitted because of physical factor.) Note; X_1 = Body spinning, X_2 = Jumping up with feet touching hips while in the air (a), X_3 = Jumping up with feet touching hips while in the air (b), X4 = Walking straight with eyes closed, X_5 = Forward roll, X_6 = Three step turn, X_7 = Leg raise balance, X_8 = Standing from knee bent (a), X_9 = Standing from knee bent (b), X_<10> = Jumping full turn right, X_<11> = Jumping full turn left, X_<12> = Walking and full turn on the balance beam, X_<13> = Feet hopping, X_<14 > = Feet balance on beam, X_<15> = Side roll, X_<16> = Foot balance on beam, X_<17> = Stepping stone test. X_<18> = Standing up from lying prone and dash, X_<19> = Shuttle run, X_<20> = Single leg hopping, X_<21> = Height, X_<22> = Weight.
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出村, 慎一 ; 鈴木, 厚 ; 野口, 義之
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出村, 慎一 ; 松浦, 義行
概要:
The purpose of the present study was to construct an appropriate flexibility test battery for competitive swimmers. Twelve flexibility tests which have been validated to measure the flexibility of various parts of body were adminstrated
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to 153 skilled college swimmers. For the purpose mentioned above, factor analytic procedures were applied to the correlation matrix consisted of 12 flexibility measures and 5 variables derived from some of these 12 measures. As a result, the six factors were extracted and interpreted as follows : I) trunk rotation flexibility, II) trunk lateral flexibility, III) shoulder flexibility, IV) ankle extension and mobility flexibility, V) trunk flexion and extension flexibility, and VI) ankle flexion flexibility. Taking the factorial validity, reliability, and practicability of tests into consideration, the following 6 test items were chosen ; trunk rotation (right) (X1), trunk lateral flexion (right) (X2), shoulder extension (X3), ankle extension (X4), trunk flexion (X5), and ankle flexion (X6) . Then, the following conventional fomulas for estimating each flexibility factor score were developed ; FS1=0.9X1-79.1, FS2=1.9X2 -49.6, FS3=0.7X3-98.9, FS4=1.8 X4 -250.6, FS5 =1.3X5 -141.7, and FS6 = 2.5X6 -179.3.
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矢部, 俊政 ; 出村, 慎一 ; 鈴木, 盟子
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出村, 慎一 ; 中, 比呂志
概要:
The first purpose of the present study was to make out the skill tests in volleyball games and examine the reliabilities and objectivities of the tests. Further, the second purpose was to clarify the structure of the group skills in
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games. Team performance in volleyball games could be classified into two large categories of performance: 1. the performance to get points: A-1: serving A-2: attacking after reception of attacking from service reception by opponent team A-3: attacking after reception of attacking from reception by opponent team after A-2 2. the performance to get side-outs: B-1: attacking after service reception B-2: attacking after reception of attacking from reception by opponent team after B-1 The volleyball skill tests consisted of six individual skills (Serving, Serve reception, Tossing, Spiking, Blocking and Reception) and attacking performance of opponent team. The observed games were the 1988 Spring League of six Intercollegiate Men's Volleyball in Kansai and the performed skills were rated on 30 games, 128 sets with each team and set. These 11 sets which were randomly selected out of them were rated again to investigate the reliabilities of the tests. To investigate the objectivities of the tests, the 11 sets were further rated by another experienced volleyball player. The reliabilities and objectivities of the tests were estimated by using the method of Cramer's V and rates of contingency. To determine the structure of the games, the number of rallies were counted in games. To further examine the structure of the group skills in volleyball games, the frequency of the appearance of composed skill's patterns of the group skills were calculated and investigated. The major results were as follows: 1) It could be inferred that the volleyball skill tests had relatively high reliabilities and objectivities. 2) As the frequency of rallies in volleyball games were calculated, 81.2% of attacking had been performed by the second rally. 3) The frequency of performance formed by only blocking was significantly greater in A-2. The frequency of attacking performed in liaison with blocking, reception, tossing and spiking was also significant and second greatest in A-2; The attacks of these two skill patterns occupied about 77% in A-2. 4) In A-3, the frequency of attacking performed by only blocking was significantly greater and the frequency of attacking followed spike covering was significantly smaller. 5) 91.7% of attacking from service reception (B-1) was performed in liaison with service reception, tossing and spiking. 6) The frequency of attacking performed by only blocking was significantly higher among the composed skill patterns in B-2.
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出村, 慎一 ; 佐藤, 進 ; 南, 雅樹 ; 小林, 秀紹 ; 野田, 洋平 ; 松沢, 甚三郎 ; 小林, 寛道 ; 青木, 純一郎
概要:
The purposes of this study were to examine reliability and validity of ADL index for older people at home, and relations
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hips between ADL score and various factors (ex. self-assessment of health status and physical fitness level, and exercise frequency/week), and to examine the screening basis for execution of physical fitness test based on distribution of ADL score. A questionnaire consisting of 12 ADL items and a physical fitness test of Ministry of Education, Science and Clture were administered to 5, 715 subjects 65 years or more age (male: 2, 745; female: 2, 970) . As a result of examining test-retest reliability of the ADL index, significant high correlations were shown among 12 ADL items (0.674≤r≤0.886), and in overall score (r=0.943) . The ADL score was significantly related to age and physical fitness test scores, and tended to be higher in subjects with a higher self-assessment of health status and physical fitness level, and with more frequency. It was suggested that these results prove the utility of the present ADL index. Further, as the result of examining relationships between distribution of overall ADL score and physical fitness test scores, the following screening bases were considered to be valid for judgement whether the physical fitness tests could be executed. The three screening bases using overall ADL score were: 1) 12 or under; 2) over 13 to under 24; 3) 24 and over. The four bases using item score were: 1) a category 1 response for items 1, 5 and 6; 2) a category 2 or 3 response for items 1, 5 and 6, and a category 1 response for items 3 and 4; 3) a category 3 response for items 2 and 14; 4) a category 1 response for items 10 and 12.
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| 9.
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中, 比呂志 ; 出村, 慎一
概要:
Demura and Naka (1990) reported that team performance in volleyball games could be classified into service and the following four group skills: A. the performance to get points: attacking after reception of attacking from service
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reception by opponent team (A-2), attacking after reception of attacking from reception by opponent team after A-2 (A-3), B. the performance to get side-outs: attacking after service reception (B-1), attacking after reception of attacking from reception by opponent team after B-1(B-2). In addition, they determined that four group skills consisted of various combinations based on liaison of component skills such as tossing, spiking, blocking and reception. Whether or not any component skill contributed higher to the achievement of group skills has been investigated little. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine the degree of contribution of component skills to the achievement of the group skills. As the group skills out of various attacking patterns, we selected attacking performed in liaison with blocking, reception, tossing and spiking in A-2, A-3 and B-2, and attacking performed in liaison with service reception, tossing and spiking in B-1, respectively. This selection has been made because of the fact that the above attacking patterns accounted for the majority of all attacking patterns occured in actual games. The gnmes were observed in the 1988 Spring League of six Intercollegiate Men's volleyball games in Kansai district, 128 sets with each team, and data were collected for in each omponent skill pattern. The analysis of theory of quantification II was used to determine the cntribution of each component skill to the achievement of the group skills. The main results can be summarized as follows: 1) In A-2 and A-3, tossing and spiking skills contribute highly to the achievement of attacking performed in liaison with blocking, reception, tossing and spiking. 2) In B-1, tossing skill has the high contribution to attacking performed in liaison with service reception, tossing and spiking. 3) In B-2, the contribution of reception and tossing skills is high in attacking performed in liaison with blocking, reception, tossing and spiking.
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出村, 慎一
概要:
The purpose of this study was to determine the growth and developmental changes and the sex difference in anthropometric characteristics, muscular strength, and flexibility in 205 junior high school competitive swimmers. Factor analytic
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technique was applied to three different correlation matrices, each of which consisted of 14, 12, and 15 selected variables in anthropometric characteristics, muscular strength, and flexibility domains, respectively. The main results can be summarized as follows; 1) Among 2 extracted factors representing anthropometric characteristics domain, physique (factor 1) grew gradually as the age increased in both sexes. Amount of the physique growth for boys was, however, greater than that for girls. Physique of boys in the 8th and 9th grades was larger than that of girls. Body fat (factor 2) for girls appeared to be greater than that for boys. 2) Among 3 extracted factors representing muscular strength domain, static strength (factor 1) developed gradually as the age increased in the both sexes. Amount of the development for boys was greater than that for girls, and this ability of boys was greater than that of girls. Muscular endurance in fast muscular exercise (factor 2) for boys became to be greater than that for girls as the age increased. Dynamic strength of shoulder-arm girdle (factor 3) for boys of the 8th and 9th grades was greater than that for girls. 3) Among 6 extracted factors reprsenting flexibility domain, trunk rotation flexibility (factor 2) and ankle extension and mobility flexibility (factor 5) for girls were much greater than those for boys. Trunk extension and flexion flexibility (factor 6) for girls seemed to be greater than that for boys. Development of this ability in accordance age increase was found only in boys. In contrast, no differences between sex were found in trunk lateral flexibility (fator 1) and shoulder flexibility (factor 4) .
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