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| 1.
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Lan, Fei ; Misu, Hirofumi ; Chikamoto, Keita ; Takayama, Hiroaki ; Kikuchi, Akihiro ; Mohri, Kensuke ; Takata, Noboru ; Hayashi, Hiroto ; Matsuzawa-Nagata, Naoto ; Takeshita, Yumie ; Noda, Hiroyo ; Matsumoto, Yukako ; Ota, Tsuguhito ; Nagano, Toru ; Nakagen, Masatoshi ; Miyamoto, Ken-ichi ; Takatsuki, Kanako ; Seo, Toru ; Iwayama, Kaito ; Tokuyama, Kunpei ; Matsugo, Seiichi ; Tang, Hong ; Saito, Yoshiro ; Yamagoe, Satoshi ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Takamura, Toshinari
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Recent articles have reported an association between fatty liver disease and systemic insulin resistance in humans, but
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the causal relationship remains unclear. The liver may contribute to muscle insulin resistance by releasing secretory proteins called hepatokines. Here we demonstrate that leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2), an energy-sensing hepatokine, is a link between obesity and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Circulating LECT2 positively correlated with the severity of both obesity and insulin resistance in humans. LECT2 expression was negatively regulated by starvation-sensing kinase adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in H4IIEC hepatocytes. Genetic deletion of LECT2 in mice increased insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle. Treatment with recombinant LECT2 protein impaired insulin signaling via phosphorylation of Jun NH2-terminal kinase in C2C12 myocytes. These results demonstrate the involvement of LECT2 in glucose metabolism and suggest that LECT2 may be a therapeutic target for obesity-associated insulin resistance. © 2014 by the American Diabetes Association.
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| 2.
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Nakade, Yusuke ; Takamura, Toshinari ; Sakurai, Masaru ; Misu, Hirofumi ; Nagata, Mitsuko ; Nanbu, Yuko ; Oe, Hiroyasu ; Takamura, Toshiji ; Sakai, Yoshio ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Wada, Takashi
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The aim of the present study was to examine whether there is a relationship between autonomic function and post-challeng
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e hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Subjects included 122 Japanese patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Autonomic nerve function was assessed using coefficients of variation of the R-R intervals on electrocardiograms (CVRR). Unlike anthropometry, insulin secretion and insulin resistance, age (r =)0.209, P < 0.021) and post-challenge plasma glucose at 120 min (PG120; r =)0.219, P < 0.015) were the only variables significantly correlated with CVRR. Age was not significantly correlated with PG120. In multiple regression analyses, CVRR Z-score, but not age, was significantly correlated with PG120. The present results suggest that autonomic function affects post-challenge blood glucose levels independently of age. © 2011 Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.
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| 3.
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Xu, Liang ; Nagata, Naoto ; Nagashimada, Mayumi ; Zhuge, Fen ; Ni, Yinhua ; Chen, Guanliang ; Mayoux, Eric ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Ota, Tsuguhito ; 長田, 直人 ; 金子, 周一 ; 太田, 嗣人
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors increase urinary glucose excretion (UGE), leading t
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o blood glucose reductions and weight loss. However, the impacts of SGLT2 inhibition on energy homeostasis and obesity-induced insulin resistance are less well known. Here, we show that empagliflozin, a SGLT2 inhibitor, enhanced energy expenditure and attenuated inflammation and insulin resistance in high-fat-diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. C57BL/6J mice were pair-fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a HFD with empagliflozin for 16 weeks. Empagliflozin administration increased UGE in the DIO mice, whereas it suppressed HFD-induced weight gain, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. Moreover, empagliflozin shifted energy metabolism towards fat utilization, elevated AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carbolxylase phosphorylation in skeletal muscle, and increased hepatic and plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 levels. Importantly, empagliflozin increased energy expenditure, heat production, and the expression of uncoupling protein 1 in brown fat and in inguinal and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT). Furthermore, empagliflozin reduced M1-polarized macrophage accumulation while inducing the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype of macrophages within WAT and liver, lowering plasma TNFα levels and attenuating obesity-related chronic inflammation. Thus, empagliflozin suppressed weight gain by enhancing fat utilization and browning and attenuated obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance by polarizing M2 macrophages in WAT and liver.
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| 4.
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Misu, Hirofumi ; Ishikura, Kazuhide ; Kurita, Seiichiro ; Takeshita, Yumie ; Ota, Tsuguhito ; Saito, Yoshiro ; Takahashi, Kazuhiko ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Takamura, Toshinari
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Background: We recently identified selenoprotein P (SeP) as a liver-derived secretory protein that causes insulin resist
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ance in the liver and skeletal muscle; however, it is unknown whether and, if so, how SeP acts on adipose tissue. The present study tested the hypothesis that SeP is related to hypoadiponectinemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methodology/Principal Findings: We compared serum levels of SeP with those of adiponectin and other clinical parameters in 36 patients with type 2 diabetes. We also measured levels of blood adiponectin in SeP knockout mice. Circulating SeP levels were positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.35, P = 0.037) and negatively associated with both total and high-molecular adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes (r = -0.355, P = 0.034; r = -0.367, P = 0.028). SeP was a predictor of both total and high-molecular adiponectin, independently of age, body weight, and quantitative insulin sensitivity index (β = -0.343, P = 0.022; β = -0.357, P = 0.017). SeP knockout mice exhibited an increase in blood adiponectin levels when fed regular chow or a high sucrose, high fat diet. Conclusions/Significance: These results suggest that overproduction of liver-derived secretory protein SeP is connected with hypoadiponectinemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. © 2012 Misu et al.
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| 5.
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Ando, Hitoshi ; Kurita, Seiichiro ; Shimizu, Akiko ; Kato, Ken-ichiro ; Ishikura, Kazuhide ; Taji, Koumei ; Uno, Masafumi ; Takeshita, Yumie ; Misu, Hirofumi ; Fujimura, Akio ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Takamura, Toshinari
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Few studies have evaluated the pharmacokinetics of rapid-acting insulin analogues in patients with Type 2 diabetes, espe
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cially under clinical conditions. The aim of the present study was to assess both the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin aspart in Type 2 diabetic patients who were being treated with the analogue alone. Meal tolerance tests with and without self-injection of a customary dose of insulin aspart (0.05-0.22 U/kg) were conducted in 20 patients in a randomized cross-over study. The dose of insulin aspart (per bodyweight) was significantly correlated with both the maximum concentration (r 2 = 0.59; P < 0.01) and area under the concentration-time curve for insulin aspart (r 2 = 0.53; P < 0.01). However, the time to maximum concentration (T max), which varied widely from < 60 to ≥ 120 min, was not associated with either dosage (r 2 = 0.02; P = 0.51) or body mass index (r 2 = 0.02; P = 0.57). Injection of insulin aspart exacerbated delayed hyperinsulinaemia after meal loading, mainly in patients with T max ≥ 120 min. With regard to pharmacodynamics, insulin aspart had favourable effects on postprandial hyperglycaemia, hyperglucagonaemia and hyperlipidaemia. The T max for this insulin analogue differed greatly between individuals and delayed hyperinsulinaemia was particularly exacerbated in patients with higher T max values. Identification of the factors contributing to interindividual variation in the absorption lag time is essential for improving the efficacy and safety of insulin aspart. © 2012 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.
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| 6.
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Hara, Akinori ; Furuichi, Kengo ; Koshino, Akihiko ; Yasuda, Haruka ; Tran, Trang Thi Thu ; Iwata, Yasunori ; Sakai, Norihiko ; Shimizu, Miho ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Nakamura, Hiroyuki ; Wada, Takashi ; 原, 章規 ; 古市, 賢吾 ; 岩田, 恭宜 ; 坂井, 宣彦 ; 清水, 美保 ; 金子, 周一 ; 中村, 裕之 ; 和田, 隆志
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Introduction: We examined the impact of autoantibodies on the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) in type
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2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: A total of 112 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes who had CKD were enrolled in this study and followed for a mean of 45 months. Sera from these patients were screened for anti-EPOR antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Anti-EPOR antibodies were detected in 26 patients (23%). Anti-EPOR antibodies were associated with low hemoglobin concentrations and decreased renal function. In patients with biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy, anti-EPOR antibodies were associated with increased levels of interstitial inflammation. A decrease in renal function was observed more frequently in patients with antibodies than in those without antibodies, and the presence of the antibodies together with well-known clinical parameters, including proteinuria and low glomerular filtration rate, was a significant risk factor for end-stage renal disease. In human tubular epithelial HK-2 cells, IgG fractions containing anti-EPOR antibodies upregulated the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA under a high concentration of glucose. Conclusion: Anti-EPOR antibodies might be involved in the progression of renal lesions and in the impaired erythropoiesis in type 2 diabetic patients with CKD. Furthermore, the presence of anti-EPOR antibodies may be an additional predictor for end-stage renal disease in type 2 diabetes. © 2017 International Society of Nephrology<br />Embargo Period 12 months
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| 7.
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Sakurai, Masaru ; Nakamura, Koshi ; Miura, Katsuyuki ; Takamura, Toshinari ; Yoshita, Katsushi ; Morikawa, Yuko ; Ishizaki, Masao ; Kido, Teruhiko ; Naruse, Yuchi ; Suwazono, Yasushi ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Sasaki, Satoshi ; Nakagawa, Hideaki
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This cohort study investigated the association between dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and the incidenc
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e of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Japanese men, and the effect of insulin resistance and pancreatic B-cell function on the association. Participants were 1995 male employees of a metal products factory in Japan. Dietary GI and GL were assessed using a self-administered diet history questionnaire. The incidence of diabetes was detected in annual medical examinations over a 6-year period. The association between GI, GL, and the incidence of diabetes was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. During the study, 133 participants developed diabetes. Age- and body mass index-adjusted hazard ratios across the GI quintiles were 1.00 (reference), 1.62, 1.50, 1.68, and 1.80; and those of GL were 1.00 (reference), 1.07, 1.48, 0.95, and 0.98. The hazard ratio for the highest GI quintile was significantly greater than that for the lowest quintile. The influence of GI was more pronounced in the lowest insulin resistance subgroups. GI and pancreatic B-cell function were independently associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus; participants with low B-cell function and the highest tertile of GI had the highest risk of diabetes. Dietary GI is associated with the incidence of diabetes in middle-aged Japanese men. GI and B-cell function were independently associated with incidence of diabetes. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 8.
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Nagata, Naoto ; Xu, Liang ; Kohno, Susumu ; Ushida, Yusuke ; Aoki, Yudai ; Umeda, Ryohei ; Fuke, Nobuo ; Zhuge, Fen ; Ni, Yinhua ; Nagashimada, Mayumi ; Takahashi, Chiaki ; Suganuma, Hiroyuki ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Ota, Tsuguhito
概要:
Low-grade sustained inflammation links obesity to insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Howev
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er, therapeutic approaches to improve systemic energy balance and chronic inflammation in obesity are limited. Pharmacological activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)–like 2 (Nrf2) alleviates obesity and insulin resistance in mice; however, Nrf2 inducers are not clinically available owing to safety concerns. Thus, we examined whether dietary glucoraphanin, a stable precursor of the Nrf2 inducer sulforaphane, ameliorates systemic energy balance, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and NAFLD in high-fat diet (HFD)–fed mice. Glucoraphanin supplementation attenuated weight gain, decreased hepatic steatosis, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed wild-type mice but not in HFD-fed Nrf2 knockout mice. Compared with vehicle-treated controls, glucoraphanin-treated HFD-fed mice had lower plasma lipopolysaccharide levels and decreased relative abundance of the gram-negative bacteria family Desulfovibrionaceae in their gut microbiomes. In HFD-fed mice, glucoraphanin increased energy expenditure and the protein expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) in inguinal and epididymal adipose depots. Additionally, in this group, glucoraphanin attenuated hepatic lipogenic gene expression, lipid peroxidation, classically activated M1-like macrophage accumulation, and inflammatory signaling pathways. By promoting fat browning, limiting metabolic endotoxemia-related chronic inflammation, and modulating redox stress, glucoraphanin may mitigate obesity, insulin resistance, and NAFLD.
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| 9.
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Sakurai, Sho ; Miura, K. ; Takamura, Toshinari ; Ishizaki, Masao ; Morikawa, Y. ; Nakamura, K. ; Yoshita, Katsushi ; Kido, Teruhiko ; Naruse, Yuchi ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Nakagawa, H.
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />金沢医科大学健康増進予防医学（公衆衛生学）<br />Aims This study investigated the relationship between waist circumference
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and the subsequent incidence of Type 2 diabetes and the association with insulin resistance and pancreatic B-cell function in relatively lean Japanese individuals. Methods The study participants were 3992 employees (2533 men and 1459 women, aged 35-55 years) of a metal-products factory in Japan. The incidence of diabetes was determined in annual medical examinations during an 8-year follow-up. We calculated age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) according to the sex-specific quintile of waist circumference at baseline. Differences in baseline insulin resistance [homeostatis model assessment (HOMA)-IR] and pancreatic B-cell function (HOMA-B) were compared between participants who developed diabetes and those who did not. Results During the follow-up, 218 participants developed diabetes. Age- and sex-adjusted HRs across the quintiles of waist circumference were 1.78, 1.00 (reference), 1.59, 3.11 and 3.30, respectively (P for trend, < 0.0001). The HR for the lowest quintile was significantly higher than that for the second quintile. Among participants with waist circumference of the lowest quintile, HOMA-B was lower in those who developed diabetes than in those who did not [33.1 (24.1-45.0) vs. 54.3 (37.9-74.6) median (interquartile range), P < 0.0001], but HOMA-IR did not differ between these groups. Conclusions There was a J-shaped relationship between waist circumference and subsequent risk for Type 2 diabetes in relatively lean Japanese individuals; lower pancreatic B-cell function may also increase the risk of diabetes in very lean Japanese people. © 2009 Diabetes UK.
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| 10.
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Kakinoki, Kaheita ; Nakamoto, Yasunari ; Kagaya, Takashi ; Tsuchiyama, Tomoya ; Sakai, Yoshio ; Nakahama, Tohru ; Mukaida, Naofumi ; Kaneko, Shuichi
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />The prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poor, largely as a result of i
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ntrahepatic metastasis. Using a mouse model of intrahepatic metastasis, we investigated whether chemokine ligand 2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2/MCP-1) could potentiate the antitumor effects of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-tk/GCV) system.Methods: Mouse hepatoma cells infected with recombinant adenovirus vectors expressing HSV-tk, CCL2/MCP-1 and LacZ at multiplicities of infection of Ad-tk/Ad-MCP1 = 3/0.03 (T/MLow), 3/3 (T/MHigh) and Ad-tk/Ad-LacZ = 3/3 (T/L) were injected into BALB/c mice.Results: Intrahepatic tumor growth was significantly lower in T/MLow mice. By contrast, no tumor suppression was observed in T/MHigh mice. The tumor-specific cytolytic activities of splenocytes from T/MLow and T/MHigh mice were comparable. Immunohistochemical analysis of liver tissues showed similar infiltration by Mac-1+ and T cells in these animals, whereas the proportions of classical activated (M1) monocytes/macrophages were significantly higher in T/MLow mice. In addition, interleukin-12 production was elevated in these tissues. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression and CD31+ microvessels were increased in T/MHigh mice.Conclusions: Collectively, these results demonstrate that an adequate amount of CCL2/MCP-1, together with the HSV-tk/GCV system, may induce T helper 1-polarized antitumor effects without inducing tumor angiogenesis in the microenvironment of intrahepatic HCC progression. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 11.
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Takamura, Toshinari ; Shimizu, Akiko ; Ando, Hitoshi ; Kaneko, Shuichi
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金沢大学大学院医学系研究科環境社会医学
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Ishikura, Kazuhide ; Misu, Hirofumi ; Kumazaki, Masafumi ; Takayama, Hiroaki ; Matsuzawa-Nagata, Naoto ; Tajima, Natsumi ; Chikamoto, Keita ; Lan, Fei ; Ando, Hitoshi ; Ota, Tsuguhito ; Sakurai, Masaru ; Takeshita, Yumie ; Kato, Kenichiro ; Fujimura, Akio ; Miyamoto, Ken-ichi ; Saito, Yoshiro ; Kameo, Satomi ; Okamoto, Yasuo ; Takuwa, Yoh ; Takahashi, Kazuhiko ; Kidoya, Hiroyasu ; Takakura, Nobuyuki ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Takamaura, Toshinari
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Aims/hypothesis Impaired angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) resistance is a hallmark of v
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ascular complications in type 2 diabetes; however, its molecular mechanism is not fully understood. We have previously identified selenoprotein P (SeP, encoded by the SEPP1 gene in humans) as a liver-derived secretory protein that induces insulin resistance. Levels of serum SeP and hepatic expression of SEPP1 are elevated in type 2 diabetes. Here, we investigated the effects of SeP on VEGF signalling and angiogenesis. Methods We assessed the action of glucose on Sepp1 expression in cultured hepatocytes. We examined the actions of SeP on VEGF signalling and VEGF-induced angiogenesis in HUVECs. We assessed wound healing in mice with hepatic SeP overexpression or SeP deletion. The blood flow recovery after ischaemia was also examined by using hindlimb ischaemia model with Sepp1-heterozygous-knockout mice. Results Treatment with glucose increased gene expression and transcriptional activity for Sepp1 in H4IIEC hepatocytes. Physiological concentrations of SeP inhibited VEGF-stimulated cell proliferation, tubule formation and migration in HUVECs. SeP suppressed VEGF-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in HUVECs. Wound closure was impaired in the mice overexpressing Sepp1, whereas it was improved in SeP-/-mice. SeP+/-mice showed an increase in blood flow recovery and vascular endothelial cells after hindlimb ischaemia. Conclusions/interpretation The hepatokine SeP may be a novel therapeutic target for impaired angiogenesis in type 2 diabetes. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
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| 13.
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Takeshita, Yumie ; Takamura, Toshinari ; Kita, Yuki ; Otoda, Toshiki ; Kato, Ken-ichiro ; Wakakuri, Hitomi ; Yamada, Masayuki ; Misu, Hirofumi ; Matsushima, Yukiko ; Kaneko, Shuichi
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Introduction: A step-up strategy for dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor-based regimens has not yet been established.
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In addition, similarities and differences between DPP-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonists remain to be elucidated in humans. We investigated the pleiotropic effects of vildagliptin vs liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes on sitagliptin-based regimens in an open-label, randomized, clinical trial. Materials and Methods: A total of 122 patients with type 2 diabetes that was inadequately controlled by sitagliptin-based regimens were randomly assigned to either vildagliptin (50 mg, twice daily) or liraglutide treatment (0.9 mg, once daily) for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes were glycated hemoglobin and body mass index. Results: Both vildagliptin and liraglutide significantly lowered glycated hemoglobin within 12 weeks after switching from sitagliptin, but liraglutide produced a greater reduction (-0.67 ± 0.12% vs -0.36 ± 0.53%). Liraglutide lowered body mass index, whereas vildagliptin did not affect body mass index. Vildagliptin lowered fasting C-peptide immunoreactivity, but liraglutide did not. Vildagliptin increased serum levels of adiponectin, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, whereas liraglutide had no effect on these levels. Quality of life, assessed using the diabetes treatment satisfaction questionnaire, was not impaired in either group. The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal symptoms, which occurred with similar frequencies in both groups. Conclusions: Vildagliptin-mediated improvements in glycemic control did not correlate with indices for insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. Switching from sitagliptin to liraglutide is useful in managing hyperglycemia and weight. Each agent exerts unique pleiotropic effects. This trial was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (no. 000004953). © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes Investigation published by Asian Association of the Study of Diabetes (AASD) and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.
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| 14.
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Komura, Takuya ; Sakai, Yoshio ; Honda, Masao ; Takamura, Toshinari ; Matsushima, Kouji ; Kaneko, Shuichi
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />OBJECTIVE - Although patients with diabetes suffer from increased infections and a higher incidence
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of cancer due to impaired immune function, details on diabetes-induced decrease in immunity are lacking. We assessed how immune-mediating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are affected in diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - From 33 patients with type 2 diabetes and 28 healthy volunteers, we obtained PBMCs and investigated their susceptibility to apoptosis and functional alteration. RESULTS - In a subpopulation of PBMCs, monocytes derived from patients with diabetes were more susceptible to apoptosis than monocytes from healthy volunteers. Monocytes from patients with diabetes had decreased phagocytotic activity and were less responsive to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, although the expression of TLRs did not differ significantly between the two groups. Furthermore, monocytes from patients with diabetes had a distinctly different gene expression profile compared with monocytes from normal volunteers as assessed with DNA microarray analysis. Specifically, quantitative real-time detection PCR measurements showed an elevated expression of the markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in diabetic monocytes, and electron microscopic examination of monocytes revealed morphologic alterations in the ER of cells derived from patients with diabetes. Consistently, the ER stress inducer tunicamycin increased apoptosis of otherwise healthy monocytes and attenuated the proinflammatory responses to TLR ligands. CONCLUSIONS - These data suggest that monocytes comprise a substantially impaired subpopulation of PBMCs in patients with diabetes and that ER stress is involved in these pathologic changes mechanistically. This implies that the affected monocytes should be investigated further to better understand diabetic immunity. © 2010 by the American Diabetes Association.
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Hodo, Yuji ; Hashimoto, Shin-ichi ; Honda, Masao ; Yamashita, Taro ; Suzuki, Yutaka ; Sugano, Sumio ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Matsushima, Kouji
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />To elucidate the molecular feature of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we performed 5'-end seri
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al analysis of gene expression (5'SAGE), which allows genome-wide identification of transcription start sites in addition to quantification of mRNA transcripts. Three 5'SAGE libraries were generated from normal human liver (NL), non-B, non-C HCC tumor (T), and background non-tumor tissues (NT). We obtained 226,834 tags from these libraries and mapped them to the genomic sequences of a total of 8,410 genes using RefSeq database. We identified several novel transcripts specifically expressed in HCC including those mapped to the intronic regions. Among them, we confirmed the transcripts initiated from the introns of a gene encoding acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 2 (. ACOX2). The expression of these transcript variants were up-regulated in HCC and showed a different pattern compared with that of ordinary ACOX2 mRNA. The present results indicate that the transcription initiation of a subset of genes may be distinctively altered in HCC, which may suggest the utility of intronic RNAs as surrogate tumor markers. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.
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| 16.
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Yamashita, Tatsuya ; Arai, Kuniaki ; Sakai, Akito ; Mizukoshi, Eishiro ; Sakai, Yoshio ; Kagaya, Takashi ; Nakamoto, Yasunari ; Honda, Masao ; Wada, Takashi ; Yokoyama, Hitoshi ; Kaneko, Shuichi
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金沢大学医学部附属病院内科<br />Purpose: In patients with chronic genotype 1b hepatitis C and a high viral load, the viral load was r
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educed by double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP), followed by combined interferon and ribavirin therapy. The safety and virological effects of this treatment method were preliminarily investigated. Methods: In nine patients with chronic hepatitis C, DFPP was performed three times on days 1, 2, and 4, and the administration of interferon and ribavirin was initiated immediately after DFPP on day 1. Result: The HCV RNA was undetectable in all patients after the plasma was passed through a plasma fractionator (second filter) in the DFPP circuit. After 2 weeks, the HCV RNA tended to decrease in the DFPP group more than in the control group (-2.45 ± 1.12 versus -1.57 ± 0.95, P = 0.073). However, this decrease was not attributable to a sustained virological response (SVR) (22.2% versus 18.2%, P = 0.822). Most of the adverse events were caused by the interferon and ribavirin combination therapy. Conclusion: DFPP can be safely performed concomitantly with interferon and ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients. The combination may contribute to an early virological response. The effect of DFPP on the SVR and its significance remain to be clarified. © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 17.
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Terashima, Takeshi ; Mizukoshi, Eishiro ; Arai, Kuniaki ; Yamashita, Tatsuya ; Yoshida, Mariko ; Ota, Hajime ; Onishi, Ichiro ; Kayahara, Masato ; Ohtsubo, Koushiro ; Kagaya, Takashi ; Honda, Masao ; Kaneko, Shuichi
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Cancer vaccine therapy is one of the most attractive therapies as a new treatment procedure for pancreatic adenocarcinom
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a. Recent technical advances have enabled the identification of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes in various tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). However, little is known about which TAA and its epitope are the most immunogenic and useful for a cancer vaccine for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We examined the expression of 17 kinds of TAA in 9 pancreatic cancer cell lines and 12 pancreatic cancer tissues. CTL responses to 23 epitopes derived from these TAAs were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT), CTL, and tetramer assays in 41 patients, and factors affecting the immune responses were investigated. All TAAs were frequently expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells, except for adenocarcinoma antigens recognized by T cells 1, melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE)-A1, and MAGE-A3. Among the epitopes recognized by CTLs in more than two patients in the ELISPOT assay, 6 epitopes derived from 5 TAAs, namely, MAGE-A3, p53, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), Wilms tumor (WT)-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)2, could induce specific CTLs that showed cytotoxicity against pancreatic cancer cell lines. The frequency of lymphocyte subsets correlated well with TAA-specific immune response. Overall survival was significantly longer in patients with TAA-specific CTL responses than in those without. P53, hTERT, WT-1, and VEGFR2 were shown to be attractive targets for immunotherapy in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and the induction of TAA-specific CTLs may improve the prognosis of these patients. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
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| 18.
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Takeshita, Yumie ; Takamura, Toshinari ; Kita, Yuki ; Ando, Hitoshi ; Ueda, Teruyuki ; Kato, Kenichiro ; Misu, Hirofumi ; Sunagozaka, Hajime ; Sakai, Yoshio ; Yamashita, Tatsuya ; Mizukoshi, Eishiro ; Honda, Masao ; Kaneko, Shuichi
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Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) improve disorders of albumin metabolism, quality of life, subjective symptoms, and pr
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ognosis in patients with chronic hepatitis. However, it remains unclear whether they improve insulin resistance. We examined the effects of BCAAs on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in patients with chronic hepatitis C and insulin resistance. Individuals with a definitive diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C and insulin resistance were eligible for participation. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to the BCAA group or a control group. Participants were then crossed over to the other treatment for a further 12 weeks. Baseline clinical features, laboratory markers, fatty acid levels, and insulin sensitivity, assessed with oral glucose tolerance tests and a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, were also examined before and 12 and 24 weeks after the beginning of the study. Of the 27 patients who completed the study, 14 began in the BCAA group and 13 began as controls. There were no significant differences in glucose metabolism parameters or lipid profiles between the groups. HbA1c values were improved in 10 patients and worsened or remained unchanged in 17 patients. The only predictive variable for change in HbA1c was the baseline Matsuda index: the lower the index, the greater the improvement in HbA1c values. BCAA therapy did not have adverse effects on glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in patients with chronic hepatitis C and insulin resistance. Moreover, it had a therapeutic effect on HbA1c values in patients with marked peripheral (primarily muscle) insulin resistance. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.
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| 19.
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Toyama, Tadashi ; Furuichi, Kengo ; Ninomiya, Toshiharu ; Shimizu, Miho ; Hara, Akinori ; Iwata, Yasunori ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Wada, Takashi
概要:
Background:Precise effects of albuminuria and low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on cardiovascular mortalit
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y, all-cause mortality, and renal events in diabetic patients are uncertain.Materials and Methods:A systematic review was conducted of the literature through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINHAL from 1950 to December 2010. Cohort studies of diabetic patients providing adjusted relative risk (RR) of albuminuria and eGFR for risks of cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and renal events were selected. Two reviewers screened abstracts and full papers of each study using standardized protocol.Results:We identified 31 studies fulfilling the criteria from 6546 abstracts. With regard to the risk of cardiovascular mortality, microalbuminuria (RR 1.76, 95%CI 1.38-2.25) and macroalbuminuria (RR 2.96 95%CI 2.44-3.60) were significant risk factors compared to normoalbuminuria. The same trends were seen in microalbuminuria (RR 1.60, 95%CI 1.42-1.81), and macroalbuminuria (RR 2.64, 95%CI 2.13-3.27) for the risk of all-cause mortality, and also in microalbuminuria (RR 3.21, 95%CI 2.05-5.02) and macroalbuminuria (RR 11.63, 95%CI 5.68-23.83) for the risk of renal events. The magnitudes of relative risks associated with low eGFR along with albuminuria were almost equal to multiplying each risk rate of low eGFR and albuminuria. No significant factors were found by investigating potential sources of heterogeneity using subgroup analysis.Conclusions:High albuminuria and low eGFR are relevant risk factors in diabetic patients. Albuminuria and low eGFR may be independent of each other. To evaluate the effects of low eGFR, intervention, or race, appropriately designed studies are needed. © 2013 Toyama et al.
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| 20.
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Takeshita, Yumie ; Takamura, Toshinari ; Kita, Yuki ; Takazakura, Akiko ; Kato, Ken-ichiro ; Isobe, Yuki ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
Purpose We determined the feasibility of substituting sitagliptin or mitiglinide for bolus insulin injection therapy in
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patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods 60 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and randomized to switch from mealtime dosing of a rapid-acting insulin analog to either sitagliptin or mitiglinide for 16 weeks. Results Body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference decreased significantly in both groups at the end of the study. Mitiglinide significantly increased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels at the end of the study from 146.5±36.3 to 168.0±38.8 mg/dL, whereas sitagliptin did not affect FPG. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and 1,5-anhydroglucitol increased significantly in both groups. The C peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) responses after arginine were diminished in both groups. γ-GTP and triglycerides increased, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin decreased, in the sitagliptin group, but not in the mitiglinide group. Mean Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire scores improved significantly in both groups. Patients whose mean total daily doses of rapid-acting insulin analog were 16.6 and 17.8 units were switched to sitagliptin and mitiglinide, respectively, without a change in the HbA1c level. Total insulin doses/body weight predicted changes in HbA1c only in the sitagliptin group, but not in the mitiglinide group. Use of >0.27 IU/kg of a rapid-acting insulin analog predicted an increase in HbA1c after switching to sitagliptin. The CPR index (CPI) was also a predictor for a change in HbA1c in the sitagliptin group, but not in the mitiglinide group; patients with a CPI<1.4 developed a worse HbA1c after switching to sitagliptin. Conclusions Sitagliptin may predominantly act on FPG, whereas mitiglinide may act on postprandial plasma glucose to achieve glycemic control after switching from a bolus insulin regimen. Additional therapy to sitagliptin or mitiglinide is clearly required to obtain equivalent glycemic control in patients using a higher dose of insulin.
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| 21.
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Xu, Liang ; Nagata, Naoto ; Nagashimada, Mayumi ; Zhuge, Fen ; Ni, Yinhua ; Chen, Guanliang ; Kamei, Junzo ; Ishikawa, Hiroki ; Komatsu, Yasuhiko ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Ota, Tsuguhito ; 長田, 直人 ; 金子, 周一 ; 太田, 嗣人
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by ectopic fat accumulation in the liver. NAFLD i
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s associated with hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress, resulting in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with advanced fibrosis. Placental extracts have been used to treat various chronic diseases due to their antioxidative effect. However, the effects of the extracts on the development of NASH have yet to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that supplementation with an oral porcine placental extract (PPE) attenuated lipid accumulation and peroxidation, insulin resistance, inflammatory and stress signaling, and fibrogenesis in the liver of NASH model mice fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet. The PPE reduced the number of M1-like liver macrophages, but increased the number of anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages, resulting in a predominance of M2 over M1 macrophage populations in the liver of NASH mice. Accordingly, the PPE suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced M1 polarization in isolated murine peritoneal macrophages, whereas it facilitated interleukin 4-induced M2 polarization. Furthermore, the PPE reduced the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation associated with the attenuated transforming growth factor-β/Smad3 signaling, both in the liver of NASH mice and in RI-T cells, a HSC line. The PPE may be a potential approach to prevent NASH by limiting lipid peroxidation, promoting M2 macrophage polarization, and attenuating HSC activation. © Xu et al.
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| 22.
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Hamaguchi, Erika ; Takamura, Toshinari ; Sakurai, Masaru ; Mizukoshi, Eishiro ; Zen, Yoh ; Takeshita, Yumie ; Kurita, Seiichiro ; Arai, Kuniaki ; Yamashita, Tatsuya ; Sasaki, Motoko ; Nakanuma, Yasuni ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />OBJECTIVE - The goal of this study was to examine whether metabolic abnormalities are responsible fo
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r the histological changes observed in Japanese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) who have undergone serial liver biopsies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - In total, 39 patients had undergone consecutive liver biopsies. Changes in their clinical data were analyzed, and biopsy specimens were scored histologically for stage. RESULTS - The median follow-up time was 2.4 years (range 1.0-8.5). Liver fibrosis had improved in 12 patients (30.7%), progressed in 11 patients (28.2%), and remained unchanged in 16 patients (41%). In a Cox proportional hazard model, decrease in A1C and use of insulin were associated with improvement of liver fibrosis independent of age, sex, and BMI. However, ΔA1C was more strongly associated with the improvement of liver fibrosis than use of insulin after adjustment for each other (χ2; 7.97 vs. 4.58, respectively). CONCLUSIONS - Tight glycemic control may prevent histological progression in Japanese patients with NAFLD. © 2010 by the American Diabetes Association.
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| 23.
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Yamashita, Tatsuya ; Arai, Kuniaki ; Sunagozaka, Hajime ; Ueda, Teruyuki ; Terashima, Takeshi ; Yamashita, Taro ; Mizukoshi, Eishiro ; Sakai, Akito ; Nakamoto, Yasunari ; Honda, Masao ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
Objective: This randomized phase II trial compared the response rates to treatment with interferon (IFN) combined with h
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epatic arterial infusion of fluorouracil (FU) plus cisplatin (CDDP) or FU alone in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: A total of 114 patients with measurable advanced HCC were enrolled and randomized into 2 groups. FU (300 mg/m2, days 1–5, days 8–12) with or without CDDP (20 mg/m2, days 1 and 8) was administered via the hepatic artery. IFNα-2b was administered 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Results: The response rates were 45.6% for the IFN/FU + CDDP group and 24.6% for the IFN/FU group. The response rate was significantly higher in the IFN/FU + CDDP group (p = 0.030). The median overall survival period was 17.6 months in the IFN/FU + CDDP group versus 10.5 months in the IFN/FU group (p = 0.522). The median progression-free survival period was 6.5 months in the IFN/FU + CDDP group versus 3.3 months in the IFN/FU group (p = 0.0048). Hematological toxicity was common, but no toxicity-related deaths were observed. Conclusion: These results show the clinical efficacy of adding CDDP to the hepatic arterial infusion of FU in combined chemotherapy regimens with IFN.
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| 24.
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Honda, Masao ; Sakai, Akito ; Yamashita, Tatsuya ; Nakamotoa, Yasunari ; Mizukoshi, Eishiro ; Sakai, Yoshio ; Yamashita, Taro ; Nakamura, Mikiko ; Shirasaki, Takayoshi ; Horimoto, Katsuhisa ; Tanaka, Yasuhito ; Tokunaga, Katsushi ; Mizokami, Masashi ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Hokuriku Liver Study Group
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Background & Aims: Multiple viral and host factors are related to the treatment response to pegylate
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d-interferon and ribavirin combination therapy; however, the clinical relevance and relationship of these factors have not yet been fully evaluated. Methods: We studied 168 patients with chronic hepatitis C who received pegylated-interferon and ribavirin combination therapy. Gene expression profiles in the livers of 91 patients were analyzed using an Affymetrix genechip (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). The expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) was evaluated in all samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Genetic variation in interleukin 28B (IL28B; rs8099917) was determined in 91 patients. Results: Gene expression profiling of the liver differentiated patients into 2 groups: patients with up-regulated ISGs and patients with down-regulated ISGs. A high proportion of patients with no response to treatment was found in the up-regulated ISGs group (P = .002). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ISGs (<3.5) (odds ratio [OR], 16.2; P < .001), fibrosis stage (F1-F2) (OR, 4.18; P = .003), and ISDR mutation (<2) (OR, 5.09; P = .003) were strongly associated with the viral response. The IL28B polymorphism of 91 patients showed that 66% were major homozygotes (TT), 30% were heterozygotes (TG), and 4% were minor homozygotes (GG). Interestingly, hepatic ISGs were associated with the IL28B polymorphism (OR, 18.1; P < .001), and its expression was significantly higher in patients with the minor genotype (TG or GG) than in those with the major genotype (TT). Conclusions: The expression of hepatic ISGs is strongly associated with treatment response and genetic variation of IL28B. The differential role of host and viral factors as predicting factors may also be present. © 2010 AGA Institute.
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| 25.
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Iwata, Yasunori ; Furuichi, Kengo ; Kitagawa, Kiyoki ; Hara, Akinori ; Okumura, Toshiya ; Kokubo, Satoshi ; Shimizu, Kazuaki ; Sakai, Norihiko ; Sagara, Akihiro ; Kurokawa, Yukie ; Ueha, Satoshi ; Matsushima, Satoshi ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Wada, Takashi
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Objective: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been identified as immunosuppressive cells
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in tumor-related inflammation. However, the pathogenesis of MDSCs for autoimmune disease has not been investigated as yet. The aim of this study was to address whether MDSCs contribute to autoimmune organ injury in lupus-prone mice. Methods: MDSCs were analyzed by flow cytometric staining of CD11b+ GR-1+ in MRL-Faslpr mice. CD4+ T-cell proliferation assay was performed by coculture with CD11b+ GR-1+ splenocytes. The percentage of immunosuppressive cells was examined during disease progression. Expression of chemokine receptor on immunosuppressive cells was analyzed, and chemotaxis assay was performed. Results: CD11b+ GR-1low cells had a suppressive effect on CD4+ T-cell proliferation, which was restored by an arginase-1 inhibitor. CD11b+ GR-1low cells increased in percentage during disease progression in kidney and blood. The number of migrated CD11b+ GR-1low cells increased in the presence of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CCL2. Conclusion: We assessed the involvement of CD11b+ GR-1low cells in autoimmune disorder in MRL-Faslpr mice. These cells regulate immunological responses via CCL2/CCR2 signaling. The regulation of immunosuppressive monocytes may provide novel therapeutic strategy for organ damage in autoimmune diseases. © 2010 Japanese Society of Nephrology..
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| 26.
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Hayashi, Tomoyuki ; Yamashita, Taro ; Terashima, Takeshi ; Suda, Tsuyoshi ; Okada, Hikari ; Asahina, Yoshiro ; Hayashi, Takehiro ; Hara, Yasumasa ; Nio, Kouki ; Sunagozaka, Hajime ; Takatori, Hajime ; Arai, Kuniaki ; Yamashita, Tatsuya ; Mizukoshi, Eishiro ; Honda, Masao ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; 林, 智之 ; 山下, 太郎 ; 寺島, 健志 ; 須田, 烈史 ; 岡田, 光 ; 朝日向, 良朗 ; 丹尾, 幸樹 ; 砂子阪, 肇 ; 鷹取, 元 ; 荒井, 邦明 ; 山下, 竜也 ; 水腰, 英四郎 ; 本多, 政夫 ; 金子, 周一
概要:
金沢大学先進予防医学研究科<br />Background: Sorafenib is a multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor known to prolong overall survi
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val in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Predicting this drug's survival benefits is challenging because clinical responses are rarely measurable during treatment. In this study, we hypothesized that serum cytokines levels could predict the survival of advanced HCC patients, as sorafenib targets signaling pathways activated in the tumor stromal microenvironment and potentially affects serum cytokine profiles. Methods: Of 143 patients with advanced-stage HCC, 104 who were recruited between 2003 and 2007 received hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) that mainly targets tumor epithelial cells at S-phase (cohort 1); additionally, 39 recruited between 2010 and 2012 received sorafenib, which primarily targets the stromal vascular endothelial cells. Serum samples were collected and aliquoted prior to the treatment. Serum EGF, bFGF, HGF, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, MIG, PDGF-BB, SCF, SDF1, TGF-β, TGF-α, TNF-α, and VEGF-A were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors were used to assess tumor responses. Results: The median survival time of HCC patients in cohorts 1 (HAIC-treated) and 2 (sorafenib-treated) were 12.0 and 12.4 months, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no significant survival differences between the 2 groups. Patients who survived more than 2 years after sorafenib treatment exhibited higher serum levels of IL-10, IL-12, TNF-a, IL-8, SDF-1, EGF, PDGF-BB, SCF, and TGF-α. Furthermore, cohort 2 patients with higher serum IL-5 (>12 pg/mL), IL-8 (>10 pg/mL), PDGF-BB (>300 pg/mL), and VEGF-A (>50 pg/mL) levels achieved longer survival; cohort 1 patients did not. Hierarchical cluster analysis of 6 cytokines robustly enriched for comparison analysis between cohorts 1 and 2 (IL-5, IL-8, TGF-α, PDGF-BB, CXCL9, and VEGF-A) revealed that elevation of these cytokines correlated with better survival when treated with sorafenib but not with HAIC. Conclusions: Patients who exhibited survival benefits owing to sorafenib treatment tended to present higher serum cytokines levels, potentially reflecting the activation of stromal signaling in the tumor microenvironment. Our study thus introduces novel biomarkers that may identify advanced HCC patients who may experience survival benefits with sorafenib treatment. © 2017 The Author(s).
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| 27.
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Takashima, Shinichiro ; Sugimoto, Naotoshi ; Takuwa, Noriko ; Okamoto, Yasuo ; Yoshioka, Kazuaki ; Takamura, Masayuki ; Takata, Shigeo ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Takuwa, Yoh
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Aims: The lysophospholipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) activates G protein-coupled recept
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ors (GPCRs) to induce potent inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced Rac activation and, thereby, chemotaxis in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We explored the heterotrimeric G protein and the downstream mechanism that mediated S1P inhibition of Rac and cell migration in VSMCs. Methods and results: S1P inhibition of PDGF-induced cell migration and Rac activation in VSMCs was abolished by the selective S1P2 receptor antagonist JTE-013. The C-terminal peptides of Gα subunits (Gα-CTs) act as specific inhibitors of respective G protein-GPCR coupling. Adenovirus-mediated expression of Gα12-CT, Gα13-CT, and Gα q-CT, but not that of Gαs-CT or LacZ or pertussis toxin treatment, abrogated S1P inhibition of PDGF-induced Rac activation and migration, indicating that both G12/13 and Gq classes are necessary for the S1P inhibition. The expression of Gαq-CT as well as Gα12-CT and Gα13-CT also abolished S1P-induced Rho stimulation. C3 toxin, but not a Rho kinase inhibitor or a dominant negative form of Rho kinase, abolished S1P inhibition of PDGF-induced Rac activation and cell migration. The angiotensin II receptor AT1, which robustly couples to Gq, did not mediate either Rho activation or inhibition of PDGF-induced Rac activation or migration, suggesting that activation of Gq alone was not sufficient for Rho activation and resultant Rac inhibition. However, the AT1 receptor fused to Gα12 was able to induce not only Rho stimulation but also inhibition of PDGF-induced Rac activation and migration. Phospholipase C inhibition did not affect S1P-induced Rho activation, and protein kinase C activation by a phorbol ester did not mimic S1P action, suggesting that S1P inhibition of migration or Rac was not dependent on the phospholipase C pathway. Conclusion: These observations together suggest that S1P2 mediates inhibition of Rac and migration through the coordinated action of G 12/13 and Gq for Rho activation in VSMCs. © The Author 2008..
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| 28.
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Sakai, Norihiko ; Furuichi, Kengo ; Shinozaki, Yasuyuki ; Yamauchi, Hiroyuki ; Toyama, Tadashi ; Kitajima, Shinji ; Okumura, Toshiya ; Kokubo, Satoshi ; Kobayashi, Motoo ; Takasawa, Kazuya ; Takeda, Shin-ichi ; Yoshimura, Mitsuhiro ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Wada, Takashi
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />The presence of chronic kidney disease in humans is associated with a risk of kidney function loss a
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s well as the development of cardiovascular disease. Fibrocytes have been shown to contribute to organ fibrosis. In this study, the presence of fibrocytes was investigated immunohistochemically in kidney biopsy specimens from 100 patients with chronic kidney disease. In addition, 6 patients with thin basement membrane disease were studied as a disease control. In patients with chronic kidney disease, the infiltration of fibrocytes was observed mainly in the interstitium. The number of interstitial fibrocytes in patients with chronic kidney disease was higher than that in patients with thin basement membrane disease. The number of infiltrated fibrocytes in the interstitium correlated well with the severity of tubulointerstitial lesions, such as interstitial fibrosis, in patients with chronic kidney disease. In addition, there were significant correlations between the number of interstitial fibrocytes and the number of CD68-positive macrophages in the interstitium as well as urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CCL2 levels. In particular, there was an inverse correlation between the number of interstitial fibrocytes and kidney function at the time of biopsy. Finally, the numbers of interstitial fibrocytes and macrophages as well as urinary CCL2 levels were significantly decreased during convalescence induced by glucocorticoid therapy. These results suggest that fibrocytes may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease through the interaction with macrophages as well as CCL2. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 29.
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Kitahara, Masaaki ; Mizukoshi, Eishiro ; Nakamoto, Yasunari ; Mukaida, Naofumi ; Matsushima, Kouji ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
Background & aims Immunotherapy using dendritic cells (DCs) is a promising cancer therapy. The success of this therapy d
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epends on the function of induced DCs. However, there has been no consensus on optimal conditions for DC preparation in vitro for immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. To address relevant issues, we evaluated the procedures to induce DCs that efficiently function in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC. Methods We studied immunological data from 14 HCC patients. The DC preparation and the surface markers were assessed by flow cytometric analysis. Four different additional activation stimuli (Method I, medium alone; Method II, with OK-432; Method III, with IL-1β + IL-6 + TNF-α; Method IV, with IL-1β + IL-6 + TNF-α + PGE2) were tested and the functions of DCs were confirmed by examination of the ability of phagocytosis, cytokine production and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Results The numbers of DCs induced and their cytokine production ability were not different between healthy controls and HCC patients. T-cell stimulatory activity of DCs in MLR was significantly lower in HCC patients than in healthy controls. The maturation of DCs with OK-432 boosted production of cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-2, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-13 and MIP1α, and restored T-cell stimulatory activity of DCs in MLR. Conclusions The clinically approved compound OK-432 is a candidate for highly immunocompetent DC preparation and may be considered as a key drug for immunotherapy of HCV-related HCC patients. © 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 30.
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Ohtani, Keisuke ; Usui, Soichiro ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Takashima, Shin-ichiro ; Kitano, Katsunori ; Yamamoto, Kanako ; Okajima, Masaki ; Furusho, Hiroshi ; Takamura, Masayuki
概要:
Aldosterone is implicated in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, including ischemia reperfusion (I/R) a
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nd myocardial infarction, and also causes oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular systems. Benidipine, a long-acting T-and L-type calcium channel blocker, reduces infarct size following myocardial I/R in rabbits. Benidipine also inhibits the production of aldosterone in vitro. However, the precise mechanism of this phenomenon in vivo remains unknown. We therefore evaluated whether benedipine has a beneficial role through the regulation of oxidative stress in myocardial I/R. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 30 min of left ascending coronary I/R. Benidipine was administered orally at 3 mg kg -1 daily for 3 weeks without any changes in hemodynamic variables. Benidipine significantly reduced infarction size (13.4±2.5%) compared with controls (25.5±3.6%). Urinary 8-hydroxy-2′ deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of oxidative DNA damage, increased significantly after I/R. I/R induced increases in 8-OHdG were significantly lower with benidipine. Local myocardial 8-OHdG was also elevated in I/R, but this augmentation was significantly suppressed with benidipine. The plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) significantly increased 2 days after I/R and remained elevated at least 7 days after I/R. Treatment with benidipine significantly decreased I/R-induced elevation of the PAC. I/R-induced markers of fibrosis in hearts also reduced in benidipine. These results suggest that the administration of benidipine reduces myocardial infarct size as well as systemic oxidative stress after I/R. These phenomena are partially linked to reduced plasma aldosterone levels. © 2012 The Japanese Society of Hypertension All rights reserved.
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| 31.
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Yamahana, Junya ; Wada, Takashi ; Yokoyama, Hitoshi ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Furuichi, Kengo
概要:
金沢大学医学部附属病院血液浄化療法部<br />Background. The therapeutic efficacy of the regulation of T helper (Th)-1-predominant immune res
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ponses remains to be investigated. Therefore, the effects of the anti-inflammatory compound TAK-603 were investigated in a model of crescentic glomerulonephritis induced by a small dose of nephrotoxic serum in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Methods. TAK-603 (50 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally, starting at the time of induction of glomerulonephritis. In group 1, the drug was administered daily for the initial 6 days. TAK-603 was administered on day 0 only in group 2, and from day 3 to 5 in group 3. In each group, nephritic rats were killed on days 6 and 56. Results. In group 1 consisting of rats treated with TAK-603 daily from day 0 to 5, glomerular damage, including crescent formation, was improved on day 6, with reductions in the numbers of CD4, CD8 and ED-1 positive cells, as well as in urinary protein excretion. Protein and transcript levels of Th1 cytokines in the diseased kidneys were markedly decreased by TAK-603 treatment. Renal pathology, including glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis, was ameliorated and proteinuria was markedly decreased. Elevated levels of serum creatinine showed concomitant improvement. In group 3, in which treatment was initiated shortly after the appearance of glomerular abnormalities, glomerular damage was also diminished, resulting in a decrease in urinary protein excretion. Treatment only on the first day in group 2, partially rescued renal dysfunction. Conclusions. These results suggest the possible therapeutic application of inhibition of Th1-predominant immune responses in progressive crescentic glomerulosclerosis. © 2006 Oxford University Press.
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Nasti, Alessandro ; Sakai, Yoshio ; Seki, Akihiro ; Buffa, Geraldine Belen ; Komura, Takuya ; Mochida, Hatsune ; Yamato, Masatoshi ; Yoshida, Keiko ; Ho, Tuyen T. B. ; Takamura, Masayuki ; Usui, Soichiro ; Wada, Takashi ; Honda, Masao ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; 酒井, 佳夫 ; 餅田, 初音 ; 吉田, 佳子 ; 高村, 雅之 ; 薄井, 荘一郎 ; 和田, 隆志 ; 本多, 政夫 ; 金子, 周一
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Stromal cells in adipose tissue are useful for repair/regenerative therapy as they harbor a substant
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ial number of mesenchymal stem cells; therefore, freshly isolated autologous uncultured adipose tissue derived stromal cells (u-ADSCs) are useful for regenerative therapy, and obviate the need for mesenchymal stem cells. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of murine u-ADSCs and sorted subsets of u-ADSCs in a concanavalin A (ConA) induced murine model of hepatitis, as well as their characteristics. We found that 10–20% of u-ADSCs expressed the CD45 leukocyte-related antigen. CD68, which is a marker of macrophages (MΦs), was expressed by 50% of CD45+ u-ADSCs. About 90% of CD68+CD45+ cells expressed CD206 antigen, which is a marker of inhibitory M2-type MΦs. Genes related to M2-type MUs were especially more highly expressed by CD45+CD206+ u-ADSCs than by CD45− u-ADSCs. CD45+ u-ADSCs inhibited the expression of cytokines/chemokines and suppressed the proliferation of splenocytes stimulated with ConA. We observed that not only whole u-ADSCs, but also the CD45+ subset of u-ADSCs ameliorated the ConA-induced hepatitis in mice. In conclusion, we show that freshly isolated murine u-ADSCs were effective against acute hepatitis, and CD45+ u-ADSCs acting phenotypically and functionally like M2-type MΦs, contributed to the repair of liver tissue undergoing inflammation. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim<br />Embargo Period 12 months
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| 33.
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Tatsumi, Yasuaki ; Hattori, Ai ; Hayashi, Hisao ; Ikoma, Jiro ; Kaito, Masahiko ; Imoto, Masami ; Wakusawa, Shinya ; Yano, Motoyoshi ; Hayashi, Kazuhiko ; Katano, Yoshiaki ; Goto, Hidemi ; Okada, Toshihide ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Objective This study evaluated the current state of patients with Wilson disease in central Japan. P
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atients and Methods Between 1999 and 2007, 30 patients were diagnosed as having Wilson disease withan International Diagnostic Score of 4 or more. The phenotypes, genotypes and post-diagnostic courses of these patients were analyzed. Results Twenty-six patients had ATP7B mutations responsible for Wilson disease. Four patients had a single mutant chromosome. There were 2 major mutations of 2333 G>T and 2871 delC (40%), and 6 novel mutations (13%) in our patients. The first clinical manifestation was the hepatic form in 22, neurological form in 5, and hemolysis in 3 patients. The hepatic form was diagnosed around the age of 13 years, followed by neurological complication with a time lag of 9 years. Thus, some patients, especially patients with the neurological form, did not undergo early diagnostic tests including ATP7B analysis. During the post-diagnosis period, 3 patients were hospitalized for recurrent liver disease, and 2 patients committed suicide. One female patient died from acute hepatic failure associated with encephalopathy after fertilization therapy, while 2 male patients recovered from encephalopathy-free, prolonged hepatic failure after noncompliance with drug therapy. The King's Scores for liver transplantation were below the cut-off in both cases. Conclusion To minimize delayed diagnosis, ceruloplasmin determination and ATP7B analysis may be recommended to patients showing hepatic damage of unknown etiology. At gene diagnosis, appropriate management of patients including compliance education and emotional care to prevent suicide might be important. 2010 The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine. © 2010 The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine.
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| 34.
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Ohtani, Keisuke ; Usui, Soichiro ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Takashima, Shin-ichiro ; Kitano, Katsunori ; Yamamoto, Kanako ; Okajima, Masaki ; Furusho, Hiroshi ; Takamura, Masayuki
概要:
Aldosterone is implicated in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, including ischemia reperfusion (I/R) a
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nd myocardial infarction, and also causes oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular systems. Benidipine, a long-acting T-and L-type calcium channel blocker, reduces infarct size following myocardial I/R in rabbits. Benidipine also inhibits the production of aldosterone in vitro. However, the precise mechanism of this phenomenon in vivo remains unknown. We therefore evaluated whether benedipine has a beneficial role through the regulation of oxidative stress in myocardial I/R. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 30 min of left ascending coronary I/R. Benidipine was administered orally at 3 mg kg -1daily for 3 weeks without any changes in hemodynamic variables. Benidipine significantly reduced infarction size (13.4±2.5%) compared with controls (25.5±3.6%). Urinary 8-hydroxy-2′ deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of oxidative DNA damage, increased significantly after I/R. I/R induced increases in 8-OHdG were significantly lower with benidipine. Local myocardial 8-OHdG was also elevated in I/R, but this augmentation was significantly suppressed with benidipine. The plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) significantly increased 2 days after I/R and remained elevated at least 7 days after I/R. Treatment with benidipine significantly decreased I/R-induced elevation of the PAC. I/R-induced markers of fibrosis in hearts also reduced in benidipine. These results suggest that the administration of benidipine reduces myocardial infarct size as well as systemic oxidative stress after I/R. These phenomena are partially linked to reduced plasma aldosterone levels. © 2012 The Japanese Society of Hypertension All rights reserved.
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| 35.
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Terashima, Takeshi ; Yamashita, Tatsuya ; Arai, Kuniaki ; Sunagozaka, Hajime ; Kitahara, Masaaki ; Nakagawa, Hidetoshi ; Kagaya, Takashi ; Mizukoshi, Eishiro ; Honda, Masao ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
Aim: Sorafenib is the standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, although there is no prov
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en therapeutic procedure following the termination of sorafenib, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) may be a treatment option in advanced HCC. The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility and efficacy of HAIC for patients with advanced HCC as subsequent therapy. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 27 consecutive patients with advanced HCC who were treated with HAIC following sorafenib between June 2009 and December 2012 at our hospital. Cisplatin (20 mg/m2 per day) was administered via the hepatic artery for 10 min, prior to the continuous administration of 5-fluorouracil (330 mg/m2 per day) over 24 h from days 1-5 and 8-12 and the s.c. administration of pegylated interferon α-2b (1 μg/kg) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. A treatment cycle consisted of 28 days of drug administration followed by 14 days of rest. Results: The toxicity profile showed that hematological toxicities were common, and grade 3/4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were observed (51.9% and 48.1%, respectively). Five patients (18.5%) experienced device-related complications. No unexpected adverse reactions and no treatmentrelated deaths were observed. Partial response was obtained in eight patients (29.6%), and stable disease was noted in nine patients (33.3%). Median progression-free survival and median survival time from initiation of HAIC were 4.0 and 7.6 months, respectively. Conclusions: Because HAIC was well tolerated and exhibited moderate antitumor activity, it is a potentially useful treatment procedure in patients with advanced HCC even after failure of sorafenib.
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| 36.
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Toyama, Tadashi ; Furuichi, Kengo ; Shimizu, Miho ; Hara, Akinori ; Iwata, Yasunori ; Sakai, Norihiko ; Perkovic, Vlado ; Kobayashi, Makoto ; Mano, Toshiki ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Wada, Takashi
概要:
Background: Some observational studies have shown the relationships between hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease (CK
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D); however, the threshold of serum uric acid (SUA) for deterioration of kidney function and the association between SUA and kidney injury by baseline kidney function remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the relationships between SUA and reduced kidney function. Methods: We analyzed a historical cohort of male Japanese individuals who underwent medical checkup between 1998 and 2007. Participants with baseline data and who were followed up for at least one year were included and stratified according to baseline kidney function. Kidney function was classified as normal [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2] or mildly reduced (eGFR 60-89 ml/min/1.73 m2). The outcome measured was kidney impairment defined as a decrease in eGFR to < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Associations between SUA and risk for outcome and eGFR slopes were assessed. Results: A total of 41632 subjects with mean age 45.4 years were included. During a mean follow-up of four years, 3186 (7.6%) subjects developed kidney dysfunction. Subjects with SUA ≥ 6.0 mg/dL had a significantly increased risk for kidney impairment compared with subjects with SUA of 4-4.9 mg/dL. SUA threshold levels were different according to baseline kidney function; SUA ≤ 7.0 and ≤ 6.0 mg/dL for normal and mildly reduced kidney function, respectively. Approximately the same trends were observed for eGFR slopes. Conclusion: In the general population, hyperuricemia appears to be a risk factor for kidney impairment in males. For participants with mild kidney dysfunction, even a slight elevation of SUA can be a risk factor. Copyright: © 2015 Toyama et al.<br />This article has a supplementary figure. Please see the last page of the text.
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| 37.
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Iwata, Yasunori ; Furuichi, Kengo ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Wada, Takashi
概要:
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although numerous abnormal
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ities of immune system have been proposed, cytokine overexpression plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of LN. In the initial phase of the disease, the immune deposits and/or autoantibodies induce cytokine production in renal resident cells, leading to further inflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression and leukocyte infiltration and activation. Then, infiltrate leukocytes, such as macrophages (Mψ) and dendritic cells (DCs), secrete a variety of cytokines and activate nave T cells, leading the cytokine profile towards T helper (Th)1, Th2, and/or Th17. Recent studies revealed these inflammatory processes in experimental animal models as well as human LN. The cytokine targeted intervention may have the therapeutic potentials for LN. This paper focuses on the expression of cytokine and its functional role in the pathogenesis of LN. © 2011 Yasunori Iwata et al.
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| 38.
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Nakamura, Seiji ; Takamura, Toshinari ; Matsuzawa-Nagata, Naoto ; Takayama, Hiroaki ; Misu, Hirofumi ; Noda, Hiroyo ; Nabemoto, Satoko ; Kurita, Seiichiro ; Ota, Tsuguhito ; Ando, Hitoshi ; Miyamoto, Kenichi ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
Visceral adiposity in obesity causes excessive free fatty acid (FFA) flux into the liver via the portal vein and may cau
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se fatty liver disease and hepatic insulin resistance. However, because animal models of insulin resistance induced by lipid infusion or a high fat diet are complex and may be accompanied by alterations not restricted to the liver, it is difficult to determine the contribution of FFAs to hepatic insulin resistance. Therefore, we treated H4IIEC3 cells, a rat hepatocyte cell line, with a monounsaturated fatty acid (oleate) and a saturated fatty acid (palmitate) to investigate the direct and initial effects of FFAs on hepatocytes. We show that palmitate, but not oleate, inhibited insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 2 and serine phosphorylation of Akt, through c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Among the well established stimuli for JNK activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) played a causal role in palmitate-induced JNK activation. In addition, etomoxir, an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, as well as inhibitors of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (thenoyltrifluoroacetone and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone) decreased palmitate-induced ROS production. Together, our findings in hepatocytes indicate that palmitate inhibited insulin signal transduction through JNK activation and that accelerated β-oxidation of palmitate caused excess electron flux in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in increased ROS generation. Thus, mitochondria-derived ROS induced by palmitate may be major contributors to JNK activation and cellular insulin resistance. © 2009 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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| 39.
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Ando, Hitoshi ; Oshima, Yasuo ; Yanagihara, Hayato ; Hayashi, Yohei ; Takamura, Toshinari ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Fujimura, Akio
概要:
金沢大学大学院医学系研究科環境社会医学<br />Although a number of genes expressed in most tissues, including the liver, exhibit circadian re
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gulation, gene expression profiles are usually examined only at one scheduled time each day. In this study, we investigated the effects of obese diabetes on the hepatic mRNA levels of various genes at 6-h intervals over a single 24-h period. Microarray analysis revealed that many genes are expressed rhythmically, not only in control KK mice but also in obese diabetic KK-Ay mice. Real-time quantitative PCR verified that 19 of 23 putative circadianly expressed genes showed significant 24-h rhythmicity in both strains. However, obese diabetes attenuated these expression rhythms in 10 of 19 genes. More importantly, the effects of obese diabetes were observed throughout the day in only two genes. These results suggest that observation time influences the results of gene expression analyses of genes expressed circadianly. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 40.
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Kakuda, Yuko ; Harada, Kenichi ; Sawada-Kitamura, Seiko ; Ikeda, Hiroko ; Sato, Yasunori ; Sasaki, Motoko ; Okafuji, Hirofumi ; Mizukoshi, Eishiro ; Terasaki, Shuichi ; Ohta, Hajime ; Kasashima, Satomi ; Kawashima, Atsuhiro ; Kaizaki, Yasuharu ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Nakanuma, Yasuni
概要:
Recently, our research team proposed a new histologic staging and grading system for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) tha
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t takes into account necroinflammatory activity and histologic heterogeneity. The present study aimed to confirm the usefulness of the new evaluation system. A total of 152 liver biopsy specimens and clinical data (including outcomes in patients with PBC before treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid) were analyzed with respect to the new system. Staging was evaluated on the basis of 3 histologic components (fibrosis, bile duct loss, and deposition of orcein-positive granules), and grading was assessed on the basis of chronic cholangitis activity and hepatitis activity. Concurrently, the classical systems, that is, the Scheuer and Ludwig staging systems, were also assessed and compared with our new system. PBC cases showed different distributions in each stage of the 3 systems. The new staging and grading system reflected liver dysfunctions before specific treatment. This was on a par with the results obtained using the classical systems. Development of cirrhosis-related conditions correlated well with the new staging system compared with the 2 classical staging systems, and in particular, the amount of deposition of orcein-positive granules could reflect development of cirrhosis-related conditions (scores 0-1 versus scores 2-3 groups, P < .0001). In conclusion, the new PBC staging system was demonstrated to reflect clinicolaboratory features, and its progression was associated with the development of cirrhosis-related conditions. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 41.
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Mizukoshi, Eishiro ; Yamashita, Tatsuya ; Arai, Kuniaki ; Terashima, Takeshi ; Kitahara, Masaaki ; Nakagawa, Hidetoshi ; Iida, Noriho ; Fushimi, Kazumi ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) has been employed as an alternative therapy to sorafenib for the patients
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with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of various immune cell responses including tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-specific T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in advanced HCC patients treated with HAIC. Thirty-six HCC patients were examined in the study. Interferon gamma enzyme-linked immunospot assays were performed to examine the frequency of TAA-specific T cells. The frequencies of Tregs and MDSCs were examined by multicolor fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. The treatment with HAIC using interferon (IFN)/5-fluorouracil (FU) or IFN/FU + cisplatin modulated the frequencies of various immune cells. In 22.2 % of patients, the frequency of TAA-specific T cells increased after HAIC. Although the frequency of Tregs decreased after HAIC, it was not associated with the prognosis of patients. An analysis of prognostic factors for overall survival identified diameter of the tumor (<3.0 cm), absence of major portal vein invasion, absence of distant metastasis, Union Internationale Contre Le Cancer tumor lymph node metastasis stage (I or II), neutrophil lymphocytic ratio (<2.1) and the frequency of MDSCs (<30.5 %) as factors that prolonged overall survival time after HAIC. Even in the group adjusted with progressive levels of tumors, patients with a low frequency of MDSCs had a significantly longer overall survival time. In conclusion, the frequency of MDSCs before the treatment is a prognostic factor in HAIC against HCC. © 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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| 42.
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Honda, Masao ; Nakamura, Mikiko ; Tateno, Makoto ; Sakai, Akito ; Shimakami, Tetsuro ; Shirasaki, Takayoshi ; Yamashita, Tatsuya ; Arai, Kuniaki ; Yamashita, Taro ; Sakai, Yoshio ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Background & Aims: The mechanisms of treatment resistance to interferon (IFN) and ribavirin (Rib) co
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mbination therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are not known. This study aims to gain insight into these mechanisms by exploring hepatic gene expression before and during treatment. Methods: Liver biopsy was performed in 50 patients before therapy and repeated in 30 of them 1 week after initiating combination therapy. The cells in liver lobules (CLL) and the cells in portal areas (CPA) were obtained from 12 patients using laser capture microdissection (LCM). Results: Forty-three patients were infected with genotype 1 HCV, 20 of who were viral responders (genotype 1-Rsp) with treatment outcome of SVR or TR, while 23 were non-responders (genotype 1-nonRsp) with NR. Only seven patients were infected with genotype 2. Before treatment, the expression of IFN and Rib-stimulated genes (IRSGs), apoptosis-associated genes, and immune reaction gene pathways was greater in genotype 1-nonRsp than in Rsp. During treatment, IRSGs were induced in genotype 1-Rsp, but not in nonRsp. IRSG induction was irrelevant in genotype 2-Rsp and was mainly impaired in CLL but not in CPA. Pathway analysis revealed that many immune regulatory pathways were induced in CLL from genotype 1-Rsp, while growth factors related to angiogenesis and fibrogenesis were more induced in CPA from genotype 1-nonRsp. Conclusions: Impaired IRSGs induction in CLL reduces the sensitivity to treatment for genotype 1 HCV infection. CLL and CPA in the liver might be differentially involved in treatment resistance. These findings could be useful for the improvement of therapy for HCV infection. © 2010 European Association for the Study of the Liver.
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| 43.
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Tang, Yaliang ; Masuo, Yusuke ; Sakai, Yoshio ; Wakayama, Tomohiko ; Sugiura, Tomoko ; Harada, Ryuichi ; Futatsugi, Azusa ; Komura, Takuya ; Nakamichi, Noritaka ; Sekiguchi, Hirotaka ; Sutoh, Keita ; Usumi, Koji ; Iseki, Shoichi ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Kato, Yukio
概要:
Xenobiotic transporters play key roles in disposition of certain therapeutic agents, although limited information is ava
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ilable on their roles other than pharmacokinetic issues. Here, suppressive effect of multispecific organic cation transporter OCTN1/SLC22A4 on liver fibrosis was proposed in liver injury models. After injection of hepatotoxins such as dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) or concanavalin A, hepatic fibrosis, and oxidative stress, evaluated in terms of Sirius red and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal staining, respectively, were more severe in liver of octn1/slc22a4 gene knockout (octn1-/-) mice than that in wild-type mice. DMN treatment markedly increased α-smooth muscle actin and F4/80, markers of activated stellate and Kupffer cells, respectively, in liver of octn1-/-, but had less effect in wild-type mice. Thus, octn1/slc22a4 gene deletion results in more severe hepatic fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. DMN-treated wild-type mice showed increased Octn1 staining and hepatic concentration of its food-derived antioxidant ergothioneine (ERGO). The upregulated Octn1 was co-localized with α-smooth muscle actin. Functional expression of Octn1 was demonstrated in activated human hepatic stellate cell lines, LI90 and LX-2. Provision of ERGO-rich feed ameliorated DMN-induced liver fibrosis and oxidative stress. Overall, Octn1 is upregulated in activated stellate cells, resulting in increased delivery of its substrate antioxidant ERGO and a protective effect against liver fibrosis. © 2016 American Pharmacists Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.<br />Embargo Period 12 months
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| 44.
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Koike, Nobuhiko ; Takamura, Toshinari ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
大学院医学系研究科環境社会医学<br />Diabetic nephropathy is a major complication of diabetes leading to end-stage renal disease, which
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requires hemodialysis. Although the mechanism by which it progresses is largely unknown, the role of hyperglycemia-derived oxidative stress has recently been the focus of attention as the cause of diabetic complications. Constituent cells of the renal glomeruli have the capacity to release reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon stimulation of NADPH oxidase activated by protein kinase C (PKC). Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in the diabetic state are often associated with activation of PKC and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, respectively. The aim of this study is to clarify the signaling pathway leading to ROS production by PKC and TNF-α in rat glomeruli. Isolated rat glomeruli were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and TNF-α, and the amount of ROS was measured using a chemiluminescence method. Stimulation with PMA (10 ng/ml) generated ROS with a peak value of 136 ± 1.2 cpm/mg protein (mean ± SEM). The PKC inhibitor H-7, the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium and the phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI-3) kinase inhibitor wortmannin inhibited PMA-induced ROS production by 100%, 100% and 80%, respectively. In addition, TNF-α stimulated ROS production (283 ± 5.8/mg protein/20 min). The phosphodiesterase inhibitor cilostazol activates protein kinase A and is reported to improve albuminuria in diabetic rats. Cilostazol (100 μg/ml) inhibited PMA, and TNF-α-induced ROS production by 78 ± 1.8, and 19 ± 2.7%, respectively. The effects of cilostazol were not additive with wortmannin. Cilostazol arrests oxidative stress induced by PKC activation by inhibiting the PI-3 kinase-dependent pathway, and may thus prevent the development of diabetic nephropathy. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 45.
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Takeshita, Yumie ; Takamura, Toshinari ; Hamaguchi, Erika ; Shimizu, Akiko ; Ota, Tsuguhito ; Sakurai, Masaru ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
金沢大学大学院医学系研究科環境社会医学<br />Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is an important mediator of atherosclerosis and liver
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fibrosis in insulin resistance. Circulating levels of PAI-1 are elevated in obese individuals, and PAI-1 messenger RNA is significantly higher in the livers of obese type 2 diabetic individuals than in nonobese type 2 diabetic individuals. To address the mechanism underlying the up-regulation of hepatic PAI-1 in obesity, we tested the effects of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), an important link between obesity and insulin resistance, on PAI-1 production in the nonmalignant human hepatocyte cell line, THLE-5b. Incubation of THLE-5b cells with TNF-α stimulated PAI-1 production via protein kinase C-, mitogen-activated protein kinase-, protein tyrosine kinase-, and nuclear factor-κB-dependent pathways. A thiazolidinedione, pioglitazone, reduced TNF-α-induced PAI-1 production by 32%, via protein kinase C- and nuclear factor-κB-dependent pathways. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor cerivastatin inhibited TNF-α-induced PAI-1 production by 59%, which was reversed by coincubation with mevalonic acid. In conclusion, obesity and TNF-α up-regulation of PAI-1 expression in human hepatocytes may contribute to the impairment of the fibrinolytic system, leading to the development of atherosclerosis and liver fibrosis in insulin-resistant individuals. A thiazolidinedione and a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor may thus be candidate drugs to inhibit obesity-associated hepatic PAI-1 production. © 2006
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| 46.
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Kurita, Seiichiro ; Takamura, Toshinari ; Ota, Tsuguhito ; Matsuzawa-Nagata, Naoto ; Kita, Yuki ; Uno, Masafumi ; Nabemoto, Satoko ; Ishikura, Kazuhide ; Misu, Hirofumi ; Ando, Hitoshi ; Zen, Yoh ; Nakanuma, Yasuni ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
金沢大学大学院医学系研究科<br />金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Insulin resistance is a major pathological condition associated with obesity and
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metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance and the renin-angiotensin system are intimately linked. We evaluated the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance-associated, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by using the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker olmesartan medoxomil in a diabetic rat model. The effects of olmesartan on methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced steatohepatitis were investigated in obese, diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats. Components of the renin-angiotensin system were up-regulated in the livers of OLETF rats, compared with LETO rats. In OLETF, but not LETO, rats, oral administration of olmesartan for 8 weeks ameliorated insulin resistance. Moreover, olmesartan suppressed MCD diet-induced hepatic steatosis and the hepatic expression of lipogenic genes (sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and fatty acid synthase) in OLETF, but not LETO, rats. In both OLETF and LETO rats, olmesartan inhibited hepatic oxidative stress (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-modified protein) and expression of NADPH oxidase. Olmesartan also inhibited hepatic fibrosis, stellate cell activation, and expression of fibrogenic genes (transforming growth factor-β, α1 [I] procollagen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) in both OLETF and LETO rats. In conclusion, pharmacological blockade of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor slows the development of steatohepatitis in the OLETF rat model. This angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker may exert insulin resistance-associated effects against hepatic steatosis and inflammation as well as direct effects against the generation of reactive oxygen species and fibrogenesis. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Nakamoto, Yasunari ; Mizukoshi, Eishiro ; Kitahara, Masaaki ; Arihara, Fumitaka ; Sakai, Yoshio ; Kakinoki, Kaheita ; Fujita, Yui ; Marukawa, Yohei ; Arai, Kuniaki ; Yamashita, Tatsuya ; Mukaida, Naofumi ; Matsushima, Kouji ; Matsui, Osamu ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Despite curative locoregional treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), tumour recurrence rates
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remain high. The current study was designed to assess the safety and bioactivity of infusion of dendritic cells (DCs) stimulated with OK432, a streptococcus-derived anti-cancer immunotherapeutic agent, into tumour tissues following transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (TAE) treatment in patients with HCC. DCs were derived from peripheral blood monocytes of patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis and HCC in the presence of interleukin (IL)-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and stimulated with 0.1 KE/ml OK432 for 2 days. Thirteen patients were administered with 5 × 106 of DCs through arterial catheter during the procedures of TAE treatment on day 7. The immunomodulatory effects and clinical responses were evaluated in comparison with a group of 22 historical controls treated with TAE but without DC transfer. OK432 stimulation of immature DCs promoted their maturation towards cells with activated phenotypes, high expression of a homing receptor, fairly well-preserved phagocytic capacity, greatly enhanced cytokine production and effective tumoricidal activity. Administration of OK432-stimulated DCs to patients was found to be feasible and safe. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed prolonged recurrence-free survival of patients treated in this manner compared with the historical controls (P = 0.046, log-rank test). The bioactivity of the transferred DCs was reflected in higher serum concentrations of the cytokines IL-9, IL-15 and tumour necrosis factor-α and the chemokines CCL4 and CCL11. Collectively, this study suggests that a DC-based, active immunotherapeutic strategy in combination with locoregional treatments exerts beneficial anti-tumour effects against liver cancer. © 2010 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Immunology © 2010 British Society for Immunology.
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Kato, Ken-ichiro ; Takamura, Toshinari ; Takeshita, Yumie ; Ryu, Yasuji ; Misu, Hirofumi ; Ota, Tsuguhito ; Tokuyama, Kumpei ; Nagasaka, Shoichiro ; Matsuhisa, Munehide ; Matsui, Osamu ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between ectopic fat and organ-specific insulin resistanc
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e (IR) in insulin-target organs in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Organ-specific IR in the liver (hepatic glucose production (HGP)6fasting plasma insulin (FPI) and suppression of HGP by insulin [%HGP]), skeletal muscle (insulin-stimulated glucose disposal [Rd]), and adipose tissue (suppression of FFA by insulin [%FFA]) was measured in 69 patients with NAFLD using a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp with tracer infusion ([6,6-2H 2]glucose). Liver fat, intramyocellular lipid (IMCL), and body composition were measured by liver biopsy, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and bioelectrical impedance analysis, respectively. Results: HGPxFPI was significantly correlated with Rd (r = -0.57, P<0.001), %HGP with %FFA (r = 0.38, P<0.01), and Rd with %FFA (r = 0.27, P<0.05). Liver steatosis score was negatively associated with Rd (r = -0.47, P<0.001) as well as with HGPxFPI ( r = 0.43, P<0.001). Similarly, intrahepatic lipid was negatively associated with Rd (r = -0.32, P<0.05). IMCL was not associated with Rd (r = -0.16, P = 0.26). Fat mass and its percentage were associated with HGPxFPI (r = 0.50, P<0.001; r = 0.48, P<0.001, respectively) and Rd (r = -0.59, P<0.001; r = -0.52, P<0.001, respectively), but not with %FFA (r = -0.21, P = 0.10; r = -0.001, P = 0.99, respectively). Conclusion: Unexpectedly, fat accumulation in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was not associated with organ-specific IR. Instead, liver fat was associated not only with hepatic IR but also with skeletal muscle IR, suggesting a central role of fatty liver in systemic IR and that a network exists between liver and skeletal muscle. © 2014 Kato et al.
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| 49.
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Okada, Hikari ; Honda, Masao ; Campbell, Jean S. ; Takegoshi, Kai ; Sakai, Yoshio ; Yamashita, Taro ; Shirasaki, Takayoshi ; Takabatake, Riuta ; Nakamura, Mikiko ; Tanaka, Takuji ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />Differentially regulated microRNA (miRNA) are associated with hepatic fibrosis; however, their potentia
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l usefulness for blocking hepatic fibrosis has not been exploited fully. We examined the expression of miRNA in the liver of a transgenic mouse model in which platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGF-C) is overexpressed (Pdgf-c Tg), resulting in hepatic fibrosis and steatosis and the eventual development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Robust induction of miR-214 correlated with fibrogenesis in the liver of Pdgf-c Tg mice, atherogenic high-fat diet-induced NASH mice, and patients with chronic hepatitis B or C. Pdgf-c Tg mice were injected with locked nucleic acid (LNA)-antimiR-214 via the tail vein using Invivofectamine 2.0 and the degree of hepatic fibrosis and tumor incidence were evaluated. Pdgf-c Tg mice treated with LNA-antimiR-214 showed a marked reduction in fibrosis and tumor incidence compared with saline or LNA-miR-control-injected control mice. In vitro, LNA-antimiR-214 significantly ameliorated TGF-β1-induced pro-fibrotic gene expression in Lx-2 cells. MiR-214 targets a negative regulator of EGFR signaling, Mig-6. Mimic-miR-214 decreased the expression of Mig-6 and increased the levels of EGF-mediated p-EGFR (Y1173 and Y845) and p-Met (Tyr1234/1235) in Huh-7 cells. Conversely, LNA-antimiR-214 repressed the expression of these genes. In conclusion, miR-214 appears to participate in the development of hepatic fibrosis by modulating the EGFR and TGF-β signaling pathways. LNA-antimiR-214 is a potential therapy for the prevention of hepatic fibrosis. MiR-214 appears to participate in the development of hepatic fibrosis by modulating EGFR and TGF-β signaling pathways. LNA-anti-miR-214 may be a potentially therapy in the prevention of hepatic fibrosis. © 2015 Japanese Cancer Association.
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| 50.
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Fujii, Chifumi ; Nakamoto, Yasunari ; Lu, Peirong ; Tsuneyama, Koichi ; Popivanova, Boryana K. ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Mukaida, Naofumi
概要:
金沢大学がん研究所がん病態制御<br />Most cases of human hepatocellular carcinoma develop after persistent chronic infection with human
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hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus, and host responses are presumed to have major roles in this process. To recapitulate this process, we have developed the mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma using hepatitis B virus surface antigen transgenic mice. To identify the genes associated with hepatocarcinogenesis in this model, we compared the gene expression patterns between pre-malignant lesions surrounded by hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and control liver tissues by using a fluorescent differential display analysis. Among the genes that were expressed differentially in the pre-malignant lesions, we focused on Pim-3, a member of a proto-oncogene Pim family, because its contribution to hepatocarcinogenesis remains unknown. Moreover, the unavailability of the nucleotide sequence of full-length human Pim-3 cDNA prompted us to clone it from the cDNA library constructed from a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. The obtained 2,392 bp human Pim-3 cDNA encodes a predicted open reading frame consisting of 326 amino acids. Pim-3 mRNA was selectively expressed in human hepatoma cell lines, but not in normal liver tissues. Moreover, Pim-3 protein was detected in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and cell lines but not in normal hepatocytes. Furthermore, cell proliferation was attenuated and apoptosis was enhanced in human hepatoma cell lines by the ablation of Pim-3 gene with RNA interference. These observations suggest that aberrantly expressed Pim-3 can cause autonomous cell proliferation or prevent apoptosis in hepatoma cell lines. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 51.
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Terasaki, Shuichi ; Nakanuma, Yasuni ; Unoura, Masashi ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Kobayashi, Kenichi
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />We examined the histological changes of the peribiliary glands (PBGs), a hitherto pooly recognized a
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natomical element around the biliary tree, in 7 cases of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). These glands showed proliferation, and nonspecific inflammation with lymphoplasmacy ticinfiltration, fibrosis. and destruction. In addition, there were cystic lesions around the bile ducts, and they were considered to reflect dilatation of the PBGs. These changes were found around the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts in the cases examined. It is of interest that changes in the PBGs tended to correlate with the inflammatory changes of the bile duct wall itself, though 2 cases showed changes in the duct walls and PBGs unrelated to their distribution along the biliary tree. These findings suggest that the PBGs are also a target structure in addition to the bile ducts themselves in PSC.
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| 52.
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Oshima, Megumi ; Kitajima, Shinji ; Toyama, Tadashi ; Hara, Akinori ; Kitagawa, Kiyoki ; Iwata, Yasunori ; Shimizu, Miho ; Nishio, Saori ; Imura, Junko ; Yokoyama, Hitoshi ; Furuichi, Kengo ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Wada, Takashi
概要:
We herein report a case of spontaneous pregnancy and preterm delivery in a 29-year-old patient with myeloperoxidase-anti
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neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis. Her basal serum creatinine level before pregnancy was 1.4 mg/dL and her urinary protein level was approximately 2 g/day. The proteinuria and hematuria increased during pregnancy, and the patient was admitted to our hospital and treated with prednisolone (PSL). At 27 weeks of gestation, she delivered a live infant weighing 848 g via cesarean section. No relapse of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis occurred. © 2013 The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine.
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| 53.
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Kita, Yuki ; Takamura, Toshinari ; Misu, Hirofumi ; Ota, Tsuguhito ; Kurita, Seiichiro ; Takeshita, Yumie ; Uno, Masafumi ; Matsuzawa-Nagata, Naoto ; Kato, Ken-ichiro ; Ando, Hitoshi ; Fujimura, Akio ; Hayashi, Koji ; Kimura, Toru ; Ni, Yinhua ; Otoda, Toshiki ; Miyamoto, Ken-ichi ; Zen, Yoh ; Nakanuma, Yasuni ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
Background: Optimal treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has not yet been established, particularly for ind
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ividuals without diabetes. We examined the effects of metformin, commonly used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes, on liver pathology in a non-diabetic NASH mouse model. Methodology/Principal Findings: Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed a methionine- and choline-deficient plus high fat (MCD+HF) diet with or without 0.1% metformin for 8 weeks. Co-administration of metformin significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose levels, but did not affect glucose tolerance or peripheral insulin sensitivity. Metformin ameliorated MCD+HF diet-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Furthermore, metformin significantly reversed hepatic steatosis and inflammation when administered after the development of experimental NASH. Conclusions/Significance: These histological changes were accompanied by reduced hepatic triglyceride content, suppressed hepatic stellate cell activation, and the downregulation of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrogenesis. Metformin prevented and reversed steatosis and inflammation of NASH in an experimental non-diabetic model without affecting peripheral insulin resistance. © 2012 Kita et al.
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| 54.
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Toyama, Tadashi ; Shimizu, Miho ; Furuichi, Kengo ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Wada, Takashi ; 清水, 美保 ; 古市, 賢吾 ; 金子, 周一 ; 和田, 隆志
概要:
Recent epidemiological research revealed that dyslipidemia is a risk factor for development and progression of diabetic
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nephropathy. Results from interventional studies revealed the possibility that anti-hyperlipidemic agents have a better effect on diabetic nephropathy through improvement of albuminuria and loss of renal function. In addition, dyslipidemia may be a consequence of albuminuria and renal dysfunction, thereby perpetuating kidney damage. Today, the proportion of diabetic patients receiving statins is increasing due to their beneficial effect on cardiovascular mortality. However, treatment for patients should be determined based on consideration of the risk and benefit of the treatment. More insight into the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and the effects of life-style changes is required. © 2013 Japanese Society of Nephrology.
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| 55.
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Ni, Yinhua ; Nagashimada, Mayumi ; Zhuge, Fen ; Zhan, Lili ; Nagata, Naoto ; Tsutsui, Akemi ; Nakanuma, Yasuni ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Ota, Tsuguhito
概要:
Hepatic insulin resistance and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) could be caused by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and peroxidation. Vitamin E has become a standard treatment for NASH. However, astaxanthin, an antioxidant
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carotenoid, inhibits lipid peroxidation more potently than Vitamin E. Here, we compared the effects of astaxanthin and Vitamin E in NASH. We first demonstrated that astaxanthin ameliorated hepatic steatosis in both genetically (ob/ob) and high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. In a lipotoxic model of NASH: mice fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet, astaxanthin alleviated excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and peroxidation, increased the proportion of M1-type macrophages/Kupffer cells, and activated stellate cells to improve hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, astaxanthin caused an M2-dominant shift in macrophages/Kupffer cells and a subsequent reduction in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell recruitment in the liver, which contributed to improved insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation. Importantly, astaxanthin reversed insulin resistance, as well as hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, in pre-existing NASH. Overall, astaxanthin was more effective at both preventing and treating NASH compared with Vitamin E in mice. Furthermore, astaxanthin improved hepatic steatosis and tended to ameliorate the progression of NASH in biopsy-proven human subjects. These results suggest that astaxanthin might be a novel and promising treatment for NASH.
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| 56.
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Shimakami, Tetsuro ; Honda, Masao ; Shirasaki, Takayoshi ; Takabatake, Riuta ; Liu, Fanwei ; Murai, Kazuhisa ; Shiomoto, Takayuki ; Funaki, Masaya ; Yamane, Daisuke ; Murakami, Seishi ; Lemon, Stanley M. ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
Clinical studies suggest that the oral acyclic retinoid Peretinoin may reduce the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following surgical ablation of primary tumours. Since hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of
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HCC, we assessed whether Peretinoin and other retinoids have any effect on HCV infection. For this purpose, we measured the effects of several retinoids on the replication of genotype 1a, 1b, and 2a HCV in vitro. Peretinoin inhibited RNA replication for all genotypes and showed the strongest antiviral effect among the retinoids tested. Furthermore, it reduced infectious virus release by 80-90% without affecting virus assembly. These effects could be due to reduced signalling from lipid droplets, triglyceride abundance, and the expression of mature sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase. These negative effects of Peretinoin on HCV infection may be beneficial in addition to its potential for HCC chemoprevention in HCV-infected patients.
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| 57.
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Wada, Takashi ; Sakai, Norihiko ; Matsushima, Kouji ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
金沢大学医学部附属病院血液浄化療法部<br />Fibrocytes are supposed to be a circulating connective tissue cell progenitor, which consists of
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a novel population of peripheral blood cells. This distinct population of blood-borne cells shares markers of leukocytes as well as mesenchymal cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that fibrosis is characteristic of progressive chronic kidney diseases of any etiologies, resulting in kidney failure. We have uncovered that CCR7-positive fibrocytes migrate into the kidney in response to secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC/CCL21) and contribute to kidney fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice. In addition, the blockade of CCL21/CCR7 signaling by anti-CCL21 antibodies reduced kidney fibrosis, which was confirmed by a decrease in fibrosis in CCR7-null mice with concomitant reduction in macrophage recruitment along with reduced renal transcripts of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2). These findings suggest that fibrocytes dependent on CCL21/CCR7 signaling pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis, thereby providing that regulating fibrocytes may provide a novel therapeutic benefit for kidney fibrosis. © 2007 International Society of Nephrology.
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| 58.
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Wada, Taizo ; Maeba, Hideaki ; Ikawa, Yasuhiro ; Hashida, Yoko ; Okumura, Akiko ; Shibata, Fumie ; Tone, Yumi ; Inoue, Masayuki ; Koizumi, Shoichi ; Takatori, Hajime ; Sakai, Yoshio ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Yachie, Akihiro
概要:
金沢大学附属病院小児科<br />Reactive plasmacytosis is a transient expansion of plasma cell progenitors and precursors. This rare co
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ndition has been reported to occur mainly in infections and tumors. We describe a case of acute hepatitis A presenting with marked peripheral blood plasmacytosis. Plasma cells made up 27.5% of the mononuclear cells and had the immunophenotype CD10-CD19 +CD20-CD21-CD23-CD34 -CD38++HLA-DR+. Although the level of interleukin 6 was not increased, the presence of activated T-cells with an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio and high levels of soluble interleukin 2 receptor and neopterin indicated a marked immune response to acute hepatitis A. The patient's plasma cells had almost disappeared from the blood by hospital day 16. This report may represent the first described case of reactive peripheral blood plasmacytosis in acute hepatitis A. © 2007 The Japanese Society of Hematology.
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| 59.
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Misu, Hirofumi ; Takamura, Toshinari ; Takayama, Hiroaki ; Hayashi, Hiroto ; Matsuzawa-Nagata, Naoto ; Kurita, Seiichiro ; Ishikura, Kazuhide ; Ando, Hitoshi ; Takeshita, Yumie ; Ota, Tsuguhito ; Sakurai, Masaru ; Yamashita, Tatsuya ; Mizukoshi, Eishiro ; Yamashita, Taro ; Honda, Masao ; Miyamoto, Kenichi ; Kubota, Tetsuya ; Kubota, Naoto ; Kadowaki, Takashi ; Kim, Han-Jong ; Lee, In-kyu ; Minokoshi, Yasuhiko ; Saito, Yoshiro ; Takahashi, Kazuhiko ; Yamada, Yoshihiro ; Takakura, Nobuyuki ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />The liver may regulate glucose homeostasis by modulating the sensitivity/resistance of peripheral ti
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ssues to insulin, by way of the production of secretory proteins, termed hepatokines. Here, we demonstrate that selenoprotein P (SeP), a liver-derived secretory protein, causes insulin resistance. Using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and DNA chip methods, we found that hepatic SeP mRNA levels correlated with insulin resistance in humans. Administration of purified SeP impaired insulin signaling and dysregulated glucose metabolism in both hepatocytes and myocytes. Conversely, both genetic deletion and RNA interference-mediated knockdown of SeP improved systemic insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in mice. The metabolic actions of SeP were mediated, at least partly, by inactivation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In summary, these results demonstrate a role of SeP in the regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity and suggest that SeP may be a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.
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| 60.
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Hayakawa, Tetsuo ; Takamura, Toshinari ; Abe, Toshio ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
金沢大学大学院医学系研究科環境社会医学<br />A C825T polymorphism of the gene encoding the G-protein β3 subunit (GNB3) is associated with in
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creased intracellular signal transduction. We know that this C825T polymorphism may influence hypertension and obesity. In whites, the C825T polymorphism has been reported to induce hypertension, obesity, and diabetic nephropathy. Thus, we investigated how genetic variation in the GNB3 gene is associated with hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, diabetic complications, and diabetic therapies in 427 Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in 368 Japanese subjects who underwent general health examinations. The frequency of the GNB3 gene polymorphism was 0.48 and 0.47 in subjects with diabetes and in those who had general health examinations, respectively. The amount of hyperlipidemia of the CT allele was significantly lower than the amount in the CC allele in the Japanese subjects with diabetes. Our results suggest that the C825T polymorphism influences lipid metabolism and is not associated with hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, diabetic complications, or diabetic therapies. © 2007.
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| 61.
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Takata, Yoshiko ; Nakamoto, Yasunari ; Nakada, Akiko ; Terashima, Takeshi ; Arihara, Fumitaka ; Kitahara, Masaaki ; Kakinoki, Kaheita ; Arai, Kuniaki ; Yamashita, Taro ; Sakai, Yoshio ; Yamashita, Tatsuya ; Mizukoshi, Eishiro ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />The purpose of this study was to assess the properties of CD4+CD25high/low/negative T cell subsets a
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nd analyze their relation with dendritic cells (DCs) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In HCC patients, the prevalence of CD45RO+ cells in CD4+CD25high T cells was increased and associated with higher frequencies of plasmacytoid DCs. Larger proportions of this T cell subset were detected in the patients with larger tumor burdens. These results suggest that increased frequencies of the CD45RO+ subset in CD4+CD25high Tregs in HCC patients may establish the immunosuppressive environment cooperatively with tolerogenic plasmacytoid DCs to promote disease progression of liver cancer. © 2011.
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| 62.
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論文
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Yamahana, Junya ; Wada, Takashi ; Furuichi, Kengo ; Yokoyama, Hitoshi ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
金沢大学医学部附属病院血液浄化療法部<br />Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor that maintains the glome
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rular and peritubular capillary (PTC) network in the kidney. The soluble form of the VEGF receptor-1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1)) is known to regulate VEGF activity by binding VEGF in the circulation. We hypothesized that VEGF may be beneficial for maintaining glomerular filtration barrier and vascular network in rats with progressive glomerulonephritis (GN). For blockade of VEGF activity in vivo, rats were transfected twice with plasmid DNA encoding the murine sFlt-1 gene into femoral muscle 3 days before and 2 weeks after the induction of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody-induced GN. Inhibition of VEGF with sFlt-1 resulted in massive urinary protein excretion, concomitantly with downregulated expression of nephrin in nephritic rats. Further, blockade of VEGF induced mild proteinuria in normal rats. Administration of sFlt-1 affected neither the infiltration of macrophages nor crescentic formation. In contrast, treatment of sFlt-1 accelerated the progression of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis accompanied with renal dysfunction and PTC loss at day 56. VEGF may play a role in maintaining the podocyte function as well as renal vasculature, thereby protecting glomeruli and interstitium from progressive renal insults. ﾂｩ 2006 International Society of Nephrology.
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| 63.
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論文
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Popivanova, Boryana K. ; Kitamura, Kazuya ; Wu, Yu ; Kondo, Toshikazu ; Kagaya, Takashi ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Oshima, Masanobu ; Fujii, Chifumi ; Mukaida, Naofumi
概要:
金沢大学がん研究所がん病態制御<br />The inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis (UC) frequently progresses to colon cancer. To un
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derstand the mechanisms by which UC patients develop colon carcinomas, we used a mouse model of the disease whereby administration of azoxymethane (AOM) followed by repeated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) ingestion causes severe colonic inflammation and the subsequent development of multiple tumors. We found that treating WT mice with AOM and DSS increased TNF-α expression and the number of infiltrating leukocytes expressing its major receptor, p55 (TNF-Rp55), in the lamina propria and submucosal regions of the colon. This was followed by the development of multiple colonic tumors. Mice lacking TNF-Rp55 and treated with AOM and DSS showed reduced mucosal damage, reduced infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils, and attenuated subsequent tumor formation. WT mice transplanted with TNF-Rp55-deficient bone marrow also developed significantly fewer tumors after AOM and DSS treatment than either WT mice or TNF-Rp55-deficient mice transplanted with WT bone marrow. Furthermore, administration of etanercept, a specific antagonist of TNF-α, to WT mice after treatment with AOM and DSS markedly reduced the number and size of tumors and reduced colonic infiltration by neutrophils and macrophages. These observations identify TNF-α as a crucial mediator of the initiation and progression of colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis and suggest that targeting TNF-α may be useful in treating colon cancer in individuals with UC.
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| 64.
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論文
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Mizuno, Hideki ; Khurts, Shilagardi ; Seki, Takahiko ; Hirota, Yasuhide ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Murakami, Seishi
概要:
金沢大学がん研究所<br />Telomerase, a stable complex of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and template RNA (TERC), is respo
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nsible for telomere maintenance. During purification trials of recombinant human telomerase of the two components reconstituted in insect cells, we identified two complexes of human telomerase of molecular masses 680 and 380 kDa, both of which retain telomerase activity in vitro. We show here that the former complex does not include Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90) and its telomerase activity is resistant to Hsp90 inhibitors, whereas the latter contains Hsp90 and its telomerase activity is sensitive to Hsp90 inhibitors. N-terminal of FLAG-hTERT in the former is exposed, as this complex was efficiently purified with anti-FLAG M2 affinity resin. We also identified two different telomerase complexes in HeLa cells, in addition to ectopically expressed hTERT. Most of endogenous hTERT and FLAG-hTERT was detected around 680 kDa. These two complexes in HeLa cells have the same properties as their respective reconstituted telomerases. The unstable property of the telomerase complex with Hsp90, especially in the presence of Hsp90 inhibitors, was due to proteasome-mediated degradation of hTERT, since proteasome inhibitors prevented hTERT degradation in vivo. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of two distinct active complexes of human telomerase ectopically expressed in insect and mammalian cells. © 2007 The Japanese Biochemical Society.
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| 65.
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Komura, Takuya ; Sakai, Yoshio ; Harada, Kenichi ; Kawaguchi, Kazunori ; Takabatake, Hisashi ; Kitagawa, Hirohisa ; Wada, Takashi ; Honda, Masao ; Ohta, Tetsuo ; Nakanuma, Yasuni ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most fatal of malignancies with an extremely poor prognosis. The ob
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jectives of this study were to provide a detailed understanding of PDAC pathophysiology in view of the host immune response. We examined the PDAC tissues, sera, and peripheral blood cells of PDAC patients using immunohistochemical staining, the measurement of cytokine/chemokine concentrations, gene expression analysis, and flow cytometry. The PDAC tissues were infiltrated by macrophages, especially CD33+CD163+ M2 macrophages and CD4+ T cells that concomitantly express programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-15, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and interferon-γ-inducible protein-1 in the sera of PDAC patients were significantly elevated. The gene expression profile of CD14+ monocytes and CD4+ T cells was discernible between PDAC patients and healthy volunteers, and the differentially expressed genes were related to activated inflammation. Intriguingly, PD-1 was significantly upregulated in the peripheral blood CD4+ T cells of PDAC patients. Correspondingly, the frequency of CD4+PD-1+ T cells was increased in the peripheral blood cells of PDAC patients, and this increase correlated to chemotherapy resistance. In conclusion, inflammatory conditions in both PDAC tissue and peripheral blood cells in PDAC patients were prominent, highlighting monocytes/macrophages as well as CD4+ T cells with influence of the clinical prognosis. © 2015 The Authors. Cancer Science published by Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association.
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| 66.
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論文
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Popivanova, Boryana K. ; Kitamura, Kazuya ; Wu, Yu ; Kondo, Toshikazu ; Kagaya, Takashi ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Oshima, Masanobu ; Fujii, Chifurni ; Mukaida, Naofumi ; 北村, 和哉 ; 近藤, 稔和 ; 加賀谷, 尚史 ; 金子, 周一 ; 大島, 正伸 ; 向田, 直史
概要:
金沢大学がん進展制御研究所<br />The inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis (UC) frequently progresses to colon cancer. To unde
…
rstand the mechanisms by which UC patients develop colon carcinomas, we used a mouse model of the disease whereby administration of azoxymethane (AOM) followed by repeated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) ingestion causes severe colonic inflammation and the subsequent development of multiple tumors. We found that treating WT mice with AOM and DSS increased TNF-α expression and the number of infiltrating leukocytes expressing its major receptor, p55 (TNF-Rp55), in the lamina propria and submucosal regions of the colon. This was followed by the development of multiple colonic tumors. Mice lacking TNF-Rp55 and treated with AOM and DSS showed reduced mucosal damage, reduced infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils, and attenuated subsequent tumor formation. WT mice transplanted with TNF-Rp55-deficient bone marrow also developed significantly fewer tumors after AOM and DSS treatment than either WT mice or TNF-Rp55-deficient mice transplanted with WT bone marrow. Furthermore, administration of etanercept, a specific antagonist of TNF-α, to WT mice after treatment with AOM and DSS markedly reduced the number and size of tumors and reduced colonic infiltration by neutrophils and macrophages. These observations identify TNF-α as a crucial mediator of the initiation and progression of colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis and suggest that targeting TNF-α may be useful in treating colon cancer in individuals with UC.
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| 67.
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論文
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金子, 周一 ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />肝臓が産生する新規のタンパク（ヘパトカイン）と糖尿病を中心とする生活習慣病との関連を解析した。我々は、ヘパトカインとしてセレノプロテインPを同定したが（Cell Metabolism 2010）、この
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ヘパトカインが脂肪組織および筋組織と関連してインスリン抵抗性を引き起こすこと(Pros one 2012, 2014)、このヘパトカインに対する薬剤のひとつがメトフォルミンであることを明らかにした(J Biol Chem 2014)。新規のヘパトカインとしてleukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2)を同定し（Diabetes 2014）研究を行った。<br />Influence of liver producing hormones, termed as hepatokine, on life style diseases such as diabetes were studied. Selenoprotein P was published as the first hepatokine in Cell Metabolism 2010 from our laboratory. Selenoprotein P induces insulin resistance coordinated with adipose and muscle tissues (published in Pros One 2012, and 2014, respectively). Expression of Selenoprotein was decreased by the treatment of metformin (J Biol Chem 2014). Another hepatokine, leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2, was newly identified (Diabetes 2014).<br />研究課題/領域番号:23249042, 研究期間(年度):2011-05-31 – 2014-03-31
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| 68.
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論文
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Uno, Masafumi ; Kurita, Seiichiro ; Misu, Hirofumi ; Ando, Hitoshi ; Ota, Tsuguhito ; Matsuzawa-Nagata, Naoto ; Kita, Yuki ; Nabemoto, Satoko ; Akahori, Hiroshi ; Zen, Yoh ; Nakanuma, Yasuni ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Takamura, Toshinari
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
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is one of the most common liver diseases in the developed world. The histological findings of NASH are characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. However, an optimal treatment for NASH has not been established. Tranilast, N-(3′,4′-dimedioxycinnamoyl)- anthranilic acid, is an antifibrogenic agent that inhibits the action of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). This drug is used clinically for fibrogenesis-associated skin disorders including hypertrophic scars and scleroderma. TGF-β plays a central role in the development of hepatic fibrosis, and tranilast may thus ameliorate the pathogenesis of NASH. We investigated the effects of tranilast using an established dietary animal model of NASH, obese diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and nondiabetic control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats fed a methionine-deficient and choline-deficient diet. Treatment with 2% tranilast (420 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks prevented the development of hepatic fibrosis and the activation of stellate cells, and down-regulated the expression of genes for TGF-β and TGF-β-target molecules, including α1 procollagen and plasminogen activator-1. In addition, tranilast attenuated hepatic inflammation and Kupffer cell recruitment, and down-regulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha. Unexpectedly, tranilast ameliorated hepatic steatosis and up-regulated the expression of genes involved in beta-oxidation, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase-1. Most of these effects were observed in LETO rats and OLETF rats, which suggest that the action of tranilast is mediated through the insulin resistance-independent pathway. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that targeting TGF-β with tranilast represents a new mode of therapy for NASH. Copyright © 2008 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.
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| 69.
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Takuwa, Noriko ; Ohkura, Sei-Ichiro ; Takashima, Shin-ichiro ; Ohtani, Keisuke ; Okamoto, Yasuo ; Tanaka, Tamotsu ; Hirano, Kaoru ; Usui, Soichiro ; Wang, Fei ; Du, Wa ; Yoshioka, Kazuaki ; Banno, Yoshiko ; Sasaki, Motoko ; Ichi, Ikuyo ; Okamura, Miwa ; Sugimoto, Naotoshi ; Mizugishi, Kiyomi ; Nakanuma, Yasuni ; Ishii, Isao ; Takamura, Masayuki ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Kojo, Shosuke ; Satouchi, Kiyoshi ; Mitumori, Kunitoshi ; Chun, Jerold ; Takuwa, Yoh
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Aims Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), its product sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and S1P receptor subty
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pes have been suggested to play protective roles for cardiomyocytes in animal models of ischaemic preconditioning and cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury. To get more insight into roles for SPHK1 in vivo, we have generated SPHK1-transgenic (TG) mice and analysed the cardiac phenotype.Methods and results SPHK1-TG mice overexpressed SPHK1 in diverse tissues, with a nearly 20-fold increase in enzymatic activity. The TG mice grew normally with normal blood chemistry, cell counts, heart rate, and blood pressure. Unexpectedly, TG mice with high but not low expression levels of SPHK1 developed progressive myocardial degeneration and fibrosis, with upregulation of embryonic genes, elevated RhoA and Rac1 activity, stimulation of Smad3 phosphorylation, and increased levels of oxidative stress markers. Treatment of juvenile TG mice with pitavastatin, an established inhibitor of the Rho family G proteins, or deletion of S1P3, a major myocardial S1P receptor subtype that couples to Rho GTPases and transactivates Smad signalling, both inhibited cardiac fibrosis with concomitant inhibition of SPHK1-dependent Smad-3 phosphorylation. In addition, the anti-oxidant N-2-mercaptopropyonylglycine, which reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS), also inhibited cardiac fibrosis. In in vivo ischaemia/reperfusion injury, the size of myocardial infarct was 30 decreased in SPHK1-TG mice compared with wild-type mice.Conclusion These results suggest that chronic activation of SPHK1-S1P signalling results in both pathological cardiac remodelling through ROS mediated by S1P3 and favourable cardioprotective effects.
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| 70.
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Kato, Ken-ichiro ; Takeshita, Yumie ; Misu, Hirofumi ; Zen, Yoh ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Takamura, Toshinari
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Aims/Introduction: To examine the association between liver histological features and organ-specific insulin resistance indices calculated from 75-g oral glucose tolerance test data in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Materials and Methods: Liver biopsy specimens were obtained from 72 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and were scored for steatosis, grade and stage. Hepatic and skeletal muscle insulin resistance indices (hepatic insulin resistance index and Matsuda index, respectively) were calculated from 75-g oral glucose tolerance test data, and metabolic clearance rate was measured using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp method. Results: The degree of hepatic steatosis, and grade and stage of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis were significantly correlated with Matsuda index (steatosis r = -0.45, P < 0.001; grade r = -0.54, P < 0.001; stage r = -0.37, P < 0.01), but not with hepatic insulin resistance index. Multiple regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, body mass index and each histological score showed that the degree of hepatic steatosis (coefficient = -0.22, P < 0.05) and grade (coefficient = -0.40, P < 0.01) were associated with Matsuda index, whereas the association between stage and Matsuda index (coefficient = -0.07, P = 0.593) was no longer significant. A similar trend was observed for the association between steatosis and metabolic clearance rate (coefficient = -0.62, P = 0.059). Conclusions: Liver steatosis is associated with insulin resistance in skeletal muscle rather than in the liver in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, suggesting a central role of fatty liver in the development of peripheral insulin resistance and the existence of a network between the liver and skeletal muscle.
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| 71.
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Yang, Xiaoqin ; Lu, Peirong ; Fujii, Chifumi ; Nakamoto, Yasunari ; Gao, Ji Liang ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Murphy, Philip M. ; Mukaida, Naofumi
概要:
金沢大学がん研究所がん病態制御<br />We previously observed that a chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 α/CCL3, and its receptor
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, CCR1, were aberrantly expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. Here, we show that CCL3 and CCR1 are also expressed in 2 different models of this cancer; N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced HCC and HCC induced by hepatitis B virus surface (HBs) antigen-primed splenocyte transfer to myelo-ablated syngeneic HBs antigen transgenic mice. At 10 months after DEN treatment, foci number and sizes were remarkably reduced in CCR1- and CCL3-deficient mice, compared with those of wild-type (WT) mice, although tumor incidence were marginally, but significantly, higher in CCR1- and CCL3-deficient mice than in WT mice. Of note is that tumor angiogenesis was also markedly diminished in CCL3- and CCR1-deficient mice, with a concomitant reduction in the number of intratumoral Kupffer cells, a rich source of growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Among growth factors and MMPs that we examined, only MMP9 and MMP13 gene expression was augmented progressively in liver of WT mice after DEN treatment. Moreover, MMP9, but not MMP13, gene expression was attenuated in CCR1- and CCL3-deficient mice, compared with that of WT mice. Furthermore, MMP9 was expressed mainly by mononuclear cells but not hepatoma cells, and MMP9-expressing cell numbers were decreased in CCR1- or CCL3-deficient mice, compared with WT mice. These observations suggest the contribution of the CCR1-CCL3 axis to HCC progression. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 72.
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金子, 周一 ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
過剰に摂取される栄養による全身への影響、とくに、過栄養による脂肪肝(NAFLD)および脂肪性肝炎（NASH）が及ぼす全身への影響について、遺伝子発現を中心として系統的に解析した。私達は世界に先駆けて過栄養にある肝臓がSelenoprotei
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n PとLect2というヘパトカインを産生することを報告した。Selenoprotein Pは肝臓および骨格筋のインスリン抵抗性を亢進させ、骨格筋に働いて運動抵抗性を引き起こし、さらにSelenoprotein P濃度が将来の耐糖能障害を予測することを示した。<br />Hyper-nutrition causes a variety of systematic diseases. Especially, function of the liver is impaired by the nutrition, and successively non alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are caused. In this study, we systematically analyzed gene expression profiles of the liver, and studied the effect of NAFLF and NASH on systemic diseases and the pathology. We have reported two proteins, Selenoprotein P and Lect 2, as hepatokines. Selenoprotein P induces insulin resistance of the liver and the muscle, and exercise resistance of the muscle. Also, we showed the measurement of Selenoprotein P predicts occurrence of glucose intolerance in future.<br />研究課題/領域番号:26253046, 研究期間(年度):2014-04-01 - 2019-03-31
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| 73.
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Ho, Tuyen Thuy Bich ; Nasti, Alessandro ; Seki, Akihiro ; Komura, Takuya ; Inui, Hiiro ; Kozaka, Takashi ; Kitamura, Yoji ; Shiba, Kazuhiro ; Yamashita, Taro ; Yamashita, Tatsuya ; Mizukoshi, Eishiro ; Kawaguchi, Kazunori ; Wada, Takashi ; Honda, Masao ; Kaneko, Shuichi ; Sakai, Yoshio ; 関, 晃裕 ; 小村, 卓也 ; 小阪, 孝史 ; 北村, 暘二 ; 柴, 和弘 ; 山下, 太郎 ; 水腰, 英四郎 ; 川口, 和紀 ; 和田, 隆志 ; 本多, 政夫 ; 金子, 周一 ; 酒井, 佳夫
概要:
金沢大学疾患モデル総合研究センター<br />Background Pancreatic ductular adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most dreadful of malignancies,
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in part due to the lack of efficacious chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1) antibodies, are novel promising forms of systemic immunotherapy. In the current study, we assessed whether gemcitabine (GEM) combined with anti-PD-1 antibody treatment was efficacious as immunochemotherapy for advanced PDAC using a murine model of liver metastasis. Methods The murine model of PDAC liver metastasis was established by intrasplenically injecting the murine pancreatic cancer cell line PAN02 into immunocompetent C57BL/6J mice. The mice were treated with an anti-PD-1 antibody, GEM, or a combination of GEM plus anti-PD-1 antibody, and compared with no treatment (control); liver metastases, immune cell infiltration, gene expression, immune cell response phenotypes, and overall survival were investigated. Results In the metastatic tumor tissues of mice treated with GEM plus anti-PD-1 antibody, we observed the increased infiltration of Th1 lymphocytes and M1 macrophages. Gene expression profile analysis of peripheral blood cells obtained from mice treated with GEM plus anti-PD-1 antibody clearly highlighted T cell and innate immune signaling pathways. Survival of PDAC liver metastasis mice was significantly prolonged by the combination therapy (median survival, 66 days) when compared with that of GEM alone treatment (median survival, 56 days). Expanded lymphocytes, which were isolated from the splenocytes of PDAC liver metastasis mice treated with GEM plus anti-PD-1 antibody, had an increased number of M1 macrophages. Conclusion The combination of anti-PD-1 antibody immunotherapy with GEM was beneficial to treat a murine model of PDAC liver metastasis by enhancing the immune response mediated by Th1 lymphocytes and M1 macrophages and was associated with CD8+ T cells. ©
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| 74.
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金子, 周一 ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
研究成果は目的に応じて、1.肝臓病における包括的発現遺伝子データベース作成、2.従来から知られている肝臓病の解析、3.新たな解析法、診断・治療法の開発、4.従来は肝臓病と考えられていなかった肝臓異常の検出、の4点に分類し以下に簡潔に記入した
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。1.肝臓病における包括的発現遺伝子データベース作成肝臓における包括的発現遺伝子情報と臨床情報をデータベース化した。世界最大となる正確で系統的な各種肝臓病のヒト肝臓における発現遺伝子データベースを構築した。2.従来から知られている肝臓病の解析解析情報を用いて慢性肝炎など従来から肝臓病として知られる疾患の研究を行った。B型およびC型慢性肝炎、自己免疫性肝炎および原発性胆汁性肝硬変、肝癌を解析し発現遺伝子情報を用いることによって包括的発現遺伝子情報からみた疾病の診断および病態解析だけでなく、従来の研究手法で解決できなかった重要な問題点を解決した。3.新たな解析法、診断・治療法の開発#1を用いることによってヒトにおいても染色体に臓器特異的な発現遺伝子の集積領域があること、これを用いることによって新規肝臓発現遺伝子の探索が可能であることを示した。病態解析だけでなく肝臓疾患の治療方針の決定にもgenomics技術が有用であることを示し、この業績によって平成16年度の産学官連携功労者文部科学大臣賞を受賞した。4.従来は肝臓病と考えられなかった肝臓異常の検出軽度の異常あるいは従来は正常と診断されていた肝臓の解析を行った。糖尿病および肥満を有する症例の肝臓における包括的発現遺伝子は対照群と大きくことなること、それらの異常が各種の代謝異常と密接に関連し、さらには全身の動脈硬化病変の進行にも密接に関係する可能性を示した。<br />Results are summarized according to the four objects of this study.1.Construction of comprehensive gene expression profile database of liver diseases.Data base of gene expression profile of liver diseases were constructed with the clinical information, which is the biggest human liver database in the world.2.Analysis of liver diseases.Comprehensive analysis of gene expression of samples from chronic hepatitis B and C, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma were performed using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and DNA chips, and demonstrated new findings on the diagnosis and understanding of the pathogenesis of those diseases.3.Development of new methods for the analysis, diagnosis, and treatment of liver diseases.Tissue specific region was found in the human chromosome by using the database #1. This method enables the discovery of tissue specific gene in the chromosomal region. The efficacy of treatment for liver disease was successfully predicted by the comprehensive gene expression analysis.4.Detection of hepatic abnormality, which is not considered as important diseases.Expression profile of diabetic liver with or without obesity was comprehensively analyzed. Gene expression in the diabetic liver was clearly different from that in non-diabetic liver. Furthermore, genes relating with angiogenesis were up-regulating in the liver, indicating that diabetic liver is directly relating with systemic complication including atherosclerosis.<br />研究課題/領域番号:13854015, 研究期間(年度):2001-2005<br />出典：「Genomics技術による新しい肝臓病学の確立」研究成果報告書 課題番号13854015 (KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）) 本文データは著者版報告書より作成
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| 75.
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金子, 周一 ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />C型慢性肝炎患者における肝臓組織内の包括的な発現遺伝子解析をSAGEおよびDNAチップを用いて行った。HCVによる慢性肝炎肝組織においては、インターフェロンαおよびγをはじめとするサイトカイン、および
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これらによって変動する宿主細胞のシグナル分子、さらにはMHCをはじめとする宿主分子の変動がとらえられた。HBVによる慢性肝炎肝組織の変動と比して、HCVによる肝炎ではIL-2やIL-15のレセプターがより亢進し、一方でIL-5やIL-7の発現は低下していた。このように肝組織における包括的発現遺伝子解析によって、感染ウイルスの違いによる免疫系を中心とする発現遺伝子プロファイルの差異が明らかにされた。つぎに末梢血リンパ球全体の発現遺伝子プロファイルを解析した。TNF-beta、Stat2などの発現が亢進しており、MCP-1 receptor、IL-6 receptorなどの発現が低下していた。この解析によってC型慢性肝炎患者の末梢血リンパ球においても多くの遺伝子が変動していることが明らかとなった。インターフェロン治療によって肝炎が沈静化し、HCVが消失した症例(CR)と、肝炎が沈静化したもののHCVの持続陽性が続いている症例(BR)、肝炎が持続しHCVの陽性も続いている症例(NR)において発現遺伝子プロファイルを比較したところ、CR例においてはinterferon gamma receptor 1やCD69 antigenなどの発現低下を認めた。HCV特異的CTLにおける発現遺伝子プロファイルを検討するため、はじめに6種の異なるHCVエピトープに対するテトラマーを作製した。このうち肝炎の消長と一致するテトラマー陽性CTL細胞が存在することを明らかにした。<br />研究課題/領域番号:14021034, 研究期間(年度):2002<br />出典：「宿主免疫のトランスクリプトーム解析を用いたC型肝炎ウイルスの持続感染機序研究」研究成果報告書 課題番号14021034（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14021034/)を加工して作成
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石田, 晃介 ; 島上, 哲朗 ; 金子, 周一 ; Ishida, Kosuke ; Shimakami, Tetsuro ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
Aim: Antiviral treatment for hepatitis C infection in elderly patients has been dramatically improved by direct-acting a
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ntivirals (DAAs). DAAs are easy to use as they are administered orally and the treatment periods are shorter. Furthermore, they are associated with fewer adverse effects. In this study, we sought to analyze the efficacy and safety of DAAs in HCV-infected elderly patients.Method: We analyzed 223 HCV-infected patients who were treated with DAAs in Kanazawa University Hospital, Japan. As of August 31, 2016, all of the patients were observed to have achieved a sustained viral response by the 12th week of treatment (SVR12). We categorized patients into two groups. Group one included 79 patients (average age 75.5 years; range 70-85 years). Group two included 144 patients (average age, 58.1 years; range 27-69 years). Group one included more female patients.Results: The platelet count of Group one was significantly lower than that of Group two. The FIB-4 index of Group one was significantly higher than that of Group two. Group one included a greater number of patients with a history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before the administration of DAAs. The SVR12 rate and rate of drop-out due to adverse effects did not differ between the two groups to a statistically significant extent. The rate of HCC occurrence after SVR in Group one was higher than that in Group two.Conclusion: Our study shows that DAAs can be used for older patients and that the antiviral efficacy and safety are similar to the efficacy and safety in younger patients.<br />目的：C型慢性肝疾患に対する抗ウイルス療法は，直接作用型抗ウイルス薬（以下DAA）の登場で高率にウイルス駆除が可能となった．今回，当院においてDAAによる抗ウイルス療法を施行したC型慢性肝疾患症例を対象として，高齢者に対するDAAの有効性，安全性を検討した．方法：金沢大学附属病院においてDAAを導入したC型慢性肝疾患症例のうち，2016年8月までに治療終了後12週間目の持続的ウイルス学的著効（Sustained Viral Response at week 12 after treatment is completed：SVR12）の判定が可能であった223例を対象とした．治療開始時の年齢が70歳以上を高齢群，70歳未満を若年群として両群の臨床背景，抗ウイルス効果，有害事象を解析した．結果：全223例中，高齢群は79例，若年群は144例であった．年齢は高齢群で75.5±4.4歳，若年群で58.1±9.8歳（平均±SD），最年長は85歳，最年少は27歳であった．性別は高齢群で有意に女性が多かった（p＜0.01）．血小板数は高齢群で13.7±6.4×104/μl，若年群で15.9±7.0×104/μl と有意に高齢群で低値であり（p=0.02），FIB-4 Indexも高齢群で5.12±3.25，若年群で3.48±2.89と有意に高齢群が高値であった（p＜0.01）．肝癌既往歴を有する症例は，高齢群で79例中39例，若年群で144例中29例であり，高齢群で有意に多かった（p＜0.01）．血清AFP値は高齢群で12.5±20.3 ng/ml，若年群で15.7±22.3 ng/mlと有意差は認めなかった．DAA導入前の前治療は高齢群で79例中49例，若年群で144例中63例に治療歴があり，高齢群で有意に前治療歴を有する症例が多かった（p=0.01）．治療効果は高齢群が79例中71例（89.9%），若年群が144例中131例（91.0%）でSVR12を達成しており，有意差は認めなかった．副作用中止は高齢群で79例中4例（5.1%），若年群で144例中4例（2.8%）に認めたが，有意差は認めなかった．SVR12達成後の肝発癌は高齢群で79例中17例，若年群で144例中12例に認め，有意に高齢群で多かった（p＜0.01）．結論：DAAの治療効果，副作用は両群間に差を認めず，高齢者においても安全に治療可能であった．しかし，高齢群では肝線維化進展例，肝癌治療歴を有する症例が多く，ウイルス駆除後の発癌に留意すべきである．<br />出版者の許可を得て登録
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| 77.
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金子, 周一 ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
癌に対するバイオセンサー型DNAチップを作製するため、初年度は1)肝癌に関連する肝臓内の遺伝子の発現のパターンを明らかにすると同時に、その情報を用いてDNAチップを作製すること、2)このチップの情報を微少電極集積型バイオセンサーにて読みとる
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技術を開発することを目的とした。2年目以降はチップの開発をさらにすすめ臨床応用をめざすことを目的とした。肝細胞癌等を用いて、DNAチップにおける解析を行った。100例におよぶ臨床材料の解析から、従来の生化学所見や病理組織では得られなかった情報が得られ、DNAチップが新たな診断法のひとつになりうる可能性を示すことが出来た(Gastroenterology 2001)。また肝癌由来培養細胞および肝癌を用いて、新たな腫瘍マーカーの可能性、および分化度を推定する診断法になる可能性を示した(Hepatology 2001a, 2001b)。serial gene expression analysis(SAGE)法を行い、包括的な遺伝子発現のプロファイルを作製し(BBRC 2000, 2001)、世界最大の肝臓発現遺伝子データベースを有することが出来た。一連の成果から、C型慢性肝炎の薬剤反応性をDNAチップで検査する方法を開発し、臨床検査試薬として平成14年に発売した。微小電極を用いて、液層における反応系を考案し、目的とする核酸の測定を可能とした(平成13年特許出願)。微小電極測定に導入するため小型のサーマルサイクラーを開発し、特許出願した(平成12年)。基盤上の微小な金属電極にDNAをスポットする装置を開発した(特許出願準備中)。これらの研究をもとに微小電極を用いた核酸測定系を開発した(特許出願準備中)。このバイオセンサー型DNA測定系は、臨床の現場で使用することを目的とし、小型で安価、かつ迅速に試料を測定できるものが作製された。<br />Development of a biosensor-type-DNA chip for the diagnosis of cancer is an objective of this research. To attain this objective, two lines of research projects were designed.For the first line of the project, we systematically examined expression profiles in the liver with various diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma. Over one hundred clinical materials were analyzed with home-made DNA chips, and the expression profile in each disease was demonstrated. This study revealed that a DNA chip analysis gives new information that cannot be obtained by routine biochemical and pathological examinations, and made the DNA chip be a new diagnostic technique, or a new tumor marker. Using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), over 300,000 expressed tags in the liver were obtained and deposited into databases. A DNA chip, which predicts the efficacy of drugs against chronic hepatitis C, was put on the market.Another line of the project is to make a biosensor-type-DNA chip, which can be used in routine clinical settings on site. Using microelectrodes on a chip, target nucleic acids can be measured in liquid (applied for a patent in 2001). A small-size thermal cycler for the introduction of measurement on microelectrodes was developed (applied for a patent in 2000). A DNA spotter on a microelectrode was also developed (pending for a patent). Using these successive developments, a biosensor-type-DNA chip, which is small-size, less expensive compared with former laser-detection-type DNA chips, and faster for the clinical diagnosis, was made.<br />研究課題/領域番号:11794017, 研究期間(年度):1999-2001<br />出典：「癌に対するバイオセンサー型DNAチップの開発」研究成果報告書 課題番号11794017(KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）) 本文データは著者版報告書より作成
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| 78.
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金子, 周一 ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
C型慢性肝炎の患者血清中に存在するC型肝炎ウイルス(HCV)は、血清中では抗体が結合して比重の重いHCV画分とfreeのウイルス粒子として存在する比重の軽い画分に分類できること、それらの存在様式とインターフェロンによる効果には関連があること
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を報告した。とりわけ抗体と結合して存在するウイルス画分が少ない症例が、抗ウイルス効果が高かった。このように血液中に存在するこのウイルス画分を除去することによって抗ウイルス効果が得られる可能性が得られ、今回の研究の有効性を示唆した結果であった。また肝臓においてのHCVの存在様式を検討した。肝疾患が進行するに従い、HCVの変異も増加していること、また進行した肝疾患ではHCVの増殖が限られた範囲(compartment)で限られておきるようになることを報告した。肝臓には流血中のウイルスと異なる種類のウイルスが存在する可能性が示され、血液浄化療法を用いたウイルス除去を検討するうえで重要な知見が得られた。こうして存在する抗体と結合しているウイルス画分をのぞくことを目的としてカラムによる血液委浄化療法の可能性を検討した。バッチ法、ミニカラム法にて基礎検討を行った。除去に必要な吸着体量や流量が検討され、またHCVと結合している抗体の吸着率に優れた吸着体を得た。もっとも適した吸着剤を用いてC型肝炎ウイルス量の多い2匹のチンパンジーを用いて、三和化学(株)のチンパンジー飼育施設において血液浄化療法を行った。2匹とも循環・呼吸動態や腎機能に変動なく、血液生化学の変化も一過性であり安全に血液浄化療法を行うことができた。また術後も感染症等の副作用の発現はみられなかった。抗凝固療剤を大量に用いたため、カテーテル刺入部における止血が問題となった。血液および肝におけるC型肝炎ウイルスおよびその複合体の変動に関して解析した。<br />Hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles in the serum of hepatitis C patients can be separated into the two fractions according to their density, heavy fraction and light fraction. The former is present with the binding immunoglobulin. We have reported that a higher ratio of the light and the heavy fractions corresponds to the better response rate against interferon therapy. The results indicate that removal of the immunoglobulin-binding fraction may help better response against interferon therapy.Not only present status of HCV in the serum of chronic hepatitis C patients, but in the liver tissues were studied. Different species of HCV were present in the liver, and the quasispecies of HCV was increased with the severity of liver disease as if the liver consits of a compartment. These results are helpful for the understanding of HCV virology and physiology of this plasma-pheresis study.Thus, we made several columns for the usage of plasmapheresis which remove immunoglobulin in the serum of chronic hepatitis C patients. The absorption rate with appropriate flow and column volumes was studied by a batch test and a mini-column apparatus, and the best column reagents was chosen.Two chimpanzees infected with HCV were plasmapheresed using the best reagents in an animal facility. The procedure was finished with safe in terms of circulation, respiration, renal function. Biochemical changes were transient, and there were no infection after the procedure. However, due to anticoagulant used, bleeding at the site of catheterization was found. Serial changes of HCV in the serum and liver tissue were demonstrated in the chimpanzees.<br />研究課題/領域番号:10557054, 研究期間(年度):1998-1999<br />出典：「チンパンジーを用いた血液浄化法によるC型肝炎ウイルス除去の試み」研究成果報告書 課題番号10557054 (KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）) 本文データは著者版報告書より作成
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| 79.
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論文
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金子, 周一 ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
金沢大学医学系研究科<br />遺伝子技術の進歩によって、細胞あるいは臓器において発現している数万種におよぶ遺伝子を同時に包括的に解析する(Genomics)ことが可能となった。肝臓における遺伝子発現の変化は慢性肝炎や肝細胞がんだけでなく、
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代謝を中心とした肝臓機能の変化とも密接に関連している。本研究では各種の疾病における肝臓の構造および機能とGenomicsとの関連を明らかにするFunctional genomicsの研究開発を行った。正常肝、HBVおよびHCV感染慢性肝炎、肝硬変、肝細胞癌よりなる5種類のSAGEライブフリーを作製し、これらの発現遺伝子のデータベースを構築した。各種の病態における発現遺伝子プロファイルを明らかにし、ウイルス性の慢性肝炎では免疫関連およびストレス関連の遺伝子が亢進しているものの、肝臓機能を示す多くの遺伝子プロファイルは保たれていることを示した。また癌に至ると癌関連の遺伝子が変動するだけでなく、肝臓特有の遺伝子の多くの発現が低下してくることを明らかにした。それらの病態において発現している遺伝子の違いを示した。さらにGenBankに登録されていない多数の新規の遺伝子候補を得て、ヒトゲノム情報を用いた解析を開始した。また細胞回転、癌化、ストレスや免疫関連の遺伝子を選択したDNAチップを作製し、多数例の慢性肝炎および肝細胞癌における発現遺伝子プロファイルの解析を行った。HBVおよびHCVにおける慢性肝炎例のhierarchial clulstering解析では両者が大きく異なる発現遺伝子プロファイルを有していることを示した。また肝細胞癌の解析では、癌の分化度と一致する遺伝子群を明らかにした。これらの解析により、functional genomicsを用いて慢性肝炎および肝細胞癌の診断あるいは治療の選択に役立つ手法を確立できる可能性が示された。<br />研究課題/領域番号:13470118, 研究期間(年度):2001 – 2003<br />出典：「肝細胞におけるFunctionalGenomics解析系の確立」研究成果報告書 課題番号13470118（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13470118/)を加工して作成
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| 80.
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金子, 周一 ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
肝内および肝外移転を有する進行肝細胞癌に対する遺伝子治療法を確立するため、Transcriptional targetingを利用した新たなベクターの開発を検討した。肝癌ら特異的に発現しているalfafetoprotein(AFP)のプロモ
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ーター領域を改変し、肝癌細胞における発現および移植肝癌における発現を検討した。また治療遺伝子として自殺遺伝子であるherpes simplex virus thymidine kinase遺伝子を用いて担癌マウスにおける抗腫瘍効果を検討した。これらの実験ではtranscriptional tartgetingによる効果が示されたもののAFPプロモーター活性が弱いために十分な治療遺伝子を発現することが出来なかった。そこでCre-loxPシステムを用いて、肝癌に特異的で強力に発現するベクターを作製した。これによって培養細胞およびマウス腫瘍において高い遺伝子発現が得られ、とりわけ肝内および肝外の転移病巣においても十分な発現が得られた。しかしこのCre-loxPの系では2種類のウイルスが同時に感染する必要があり、十分な発現のためにはMOI25以上の力価を要することも示された。こうしたことから投与ベクター量が大量となるため、アデノウイルス投与では問題が生じること示唆され、今後の問題点とされた。これに対し、さらにHVJリポソームといった安全性の高いベクターを用いた検討を行って検討したところ、複数回のベクター投与によって肝内に転移した肝癌を治療することが可能であった。このようにAFP遺伝子を用いたtranscriptional targetingによって肝内および肝外に転移した進行肝癌の治療が可能であることが示唆された。<br />New therapeutic vectors using transcriptional targeting were made for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with intra- and extra-hepatic metastases. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is well known to be specifically expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma. We modified the promoter region of AFP gene by removal of non-functioning parts and enhancing the enhancer sequences, and put the new controlling element of AFP gene into an adenoviral vector. Therapeutic effect and expression analysis of the vectors was tested in transplanted hepatocellular carcinoma in athymic nude mice. Herpes simplex. virus thymidine kinase gene was used as a therapeutic gene.Effect of transcriptional targeting was demonstrated by the AFP controlling element, the anti-tumor effect was low due to the weak promoter activity. Thus, we introduced cre-loxP system into the vector. By the cre-loxP-AFP system, specific and high expression can be obtained in cultured cells and mouse tumors including intra- and extra-hepatic lesions.However, two viruses need to infect simultaneously a cell, and more than 25 MOI are necessary to enable the system. These results indicate large amount of adenovirus should be introduced in a body, which may cause serious problem in future.When HVJ liposome, which is known to have less toxicity, was used with AFP controlling element, repeated administration of the vector confer significant anti-tumor effect in intra-hepatic metastasis model. Transcriptional targeting using AFP promoter is, thus, promising for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with intra- and extra-hepatic metastases.<br />研究課題/領域番号:10470132, 研究期間(年度):1998-1999<br />出典：「肝内および肝外転移を有する進行肝細胞癌に対する遺伝子治療法の確立」研究成果報告書 課題番号10470132 (KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）) 本文データは著者版報告書より作成
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金子, 周一 ; Kaneko, Shuichi
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />本研究では、前がん病変あるいは早期の肝細胞がんにおける、病理学的変化と、発現遺伝子プロファイルとの関連を明らかにし、前がん病変と肝細胞がんを鑑別する方法を確立することを目的とする。肝炎ウイルス関連の肝
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細胞がんおよび背景の肝硬変組織を用いて、SAGE法によるトランスクリプトーム解析を行った。これまでの正常肝臓、C型肝炎ウイルス(HCV)関連肝細胞がんに加えて、今年度はB型肝炎ウイルス(HBV)関連肝細胞がんの解析を行った。これらSAGEライブラリーはひとりの症例から得られたものであった。そこで正常肝臓、HBV, HCV関連肝細胞癌および背景肝病変についてそれぞれ複数の症例を混合し新たに5つのSAGEライブラリーを作製しトランスクリプトームプロファイルを得た。これによって作製された肝臓由来のライブラリー数は10個(全部で約50万発現遺伝子tag)となり、世界最大の系統的な肝臓発現遺伝子情報を有した。本年度の研究によって正常肝臓、慢性肝炎(HBV、HCV)、肝細胞がん(HBV、HCV)を代表する発現遺伝子プロファイルが得られた。国際的には肝がん由来培養細胞株のEST、正常肝臓のEST、正常肝臓の2つのSAGEライブラリーおよび、断片的な肝細胞がんのESTとSAGE情報がある。しかしこれらの発現遺伝子情報は、はるかに規模が小さく、臨床情報も十分でない。今回のデータベースは50万発現tagを超え、10の異なるSAGEライブラリーであり、臨床情報も揃った世界最大の肝臓発現遺伝子情報である。がん化にいたる過程におけるトランスクリプトーム情報を得ると同時に、変動する多数の遺伝子を明らかにした。またマウスを用いた実験からFasの系をブロックすることによって発がんが抑制できることを示した。<br />研究課題/領域番号:14030029, 研究期間(年度):2002<br />出典：「トランスクリプトーム技術を用いた肝細胞がんの早期診段開発研究」研究成果報告書 課題番号14030029（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14030029/)を加工して作成
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