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西嶋, 義憲 ; Nishijima, Yoshinori
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域経済学経営学系<br />異なる言語間の対応する言語表現を比較する場合，どのようにすればより客観的で妥当な比較が可能になるのかを考察する．従来，言語間の比較の際，とくに認知言語学分野では翻訳を利用する研究が多く見られた
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．しかしながら，翻訳を用いた比較は比較可能性という観点から問題がないわけではない．その問題点を確認し，それとは異なる新たな比較方法を提案し，それによる成果を紹介する．<br />The aim of this study is to consider the possibility of a more objective comparison of equivalent expressions of two languages. In comparing linguistic expressions of two languages, especially in cognitive linguistics, translations have been often used. However, comparisons using translations can be problematic. In this study, problems of translation-based comparison are discussed and a new method for a more objective linguistic comparison of two languages is proposed. Some results of the studies based on this method are also described as case studies.
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佐無田, 光
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渡會, 兼也 ; 酒井, 佑士 ; Watari, Kenya ; Sakai, Yuji
概要:
金沢大学附属高等学校<br />タブレット端末の音センサーでピンポン玉の反発係数を測定した結果を紹介する。この方法は従来の距離を測定する方法よりも簡易であること，距離の測定が最初の1回で済むこと，などの利点がある。体育館などでのボールの反発
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係数を見積もるのに役立つ可能性がある。
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藤澤, 美恵子 ; 竹村, 和久 ; 船木, 由喜彦 ; 高橋, 遼 ; Fujisawa, Mieko ; Takemura, Kazuhisa ; Funaki, Yukihiko ; Takahashi, Ryo
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域経済学経営学系<br />CO2削減に向けて政府は，エネルギーラベルによる建物のエネルギー使用量の表示制度を整備予定である．本研究ではこのラベルが，消費者にどう認識され，CO2削減に至る省エネ誘導ができるのかに焦点を当
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て，ラベルへの評価等の調査をおこなった．クロス集計の結果，2型あるエネルギーラベルのうちタコメータ型の方がABC型に比較して混同する比率が高くわかりにくい反面，省エネ誘導は優れていることが明らかになった．省エネ誘導は，ラベルに表示される基準レベルを増やすより，判断の参考となる参照点を上昇させる場合に効果が大きいことがわかった．ロジスティック回帰分析から，環境への関心度が高い消費者や寒冷地居住者は省エネ誘導されやすい傾向にあるが，無職やABC型を先に回答した者は逆の反応を示すことが確認できた．ABC型を先に回答したことが省エネ誘導に負の影響があることから，タコメータ型の方が省エネ誘導しやすいことが分析結果からも示唆された．
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| 5.
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藤澤, 美恵子 ; Fujisawa, Mieko
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金沢大学人間社会研究域経済学経営学系
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木森, 佳子 ; 須釜, 淳子 ; 中谷, 壽男 ; 福田, 汐里 ; 宮地, 利明 ; 紺家, 千津子 ; 大桑, 麻由美 ; 真田, 弘美 ; Kimori, Keiko ; Sugama, Junko ; Nakatani, Toshio ; Fukuda, Shiori ; Miyati, Toshiaki ; Konya, Chizuko ; Okuwa, Mayumi ; Sanada, Hiromi
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />末梢静脈内カテーテル留置法では，対象静脈が目視困難な場合，確実な穿刺，合併症の発生に影響を及ぼす．本研究の目的は目視困難静脈の穿刺技術向上に向け，目視の可否による血管径 ・ 深さ，動脈との位置関係を
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超音波診断装置で，皮膚色を色差計で計測し違いを明らかにすることである．研究デザインは実態調査型研究である．対象者は健常若年女性 20名，計測静脈は 58本，計測動脈は 18本であった．その結果，目視の可否に有意差があったのは深さのみで，血管径，動脈との位置関係，皮膚色は同等であることが明らかになった．静脈の深さの平均 (SD) は，目視可能静脈が2.7 (0.7) mm，目視困難静脈が4.6 (1.8) mmであった (p=.0001)．目視の可否の分離値は 3.0mm (AUC=0.919，95％CI 0.84－0.99)で，深さ3mm以上の留置カテーテル用末梢静脈は目視困難になることが明らかとなった．したがって，目視困難な静脈は深さ3mm以上の穿刺技術が，動脈穿刺の防止は，目視の可否に関わらない穿刺技術の必要性が示唆された．<br />During catheter placement, peripheral intravenous access is affected by the visibility of the vein, such that the risk of peripheral nerve injuries and arterial punctures, increases as the visibility decreases. This study examined the relation between vein visibility and (a) vein width, (b) vein depth, (c) position of the artery relative to the vein, and (d) skin color. This was an observational study with prospective data collection. A total of 20 healthy young women (58 veins and 18 arteries) were examined. As a result, vein visibility demonstrated significant differences in relation to vein depth, but not in relation to the other three factors. The mean depth (SD) was 2.7 (0.7) mm for visible veins and 4.6 (1.8) mm for invisible veins (p=0.0001). The cut off point was 3.0 mm (AUC=0.919 95％ CI-0.84 to 0.99), indicating that peripheral veins for catheter placement are more likely to be invisible when the depth is 3.0 mm or more. These findings highlight the need for two kinds of venipuncture skills : those for invisible veins with a depth of 3.0 mm or more, and those that will prevent arterial puncture regardless of vein visibility.
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小松 , 俊文 ; 前川, 匠 ; 重田, 康成 ; 高橋, 修 ; 田中, 源吾 ; Dang T., Huyen ; Komatsu, Toshifumi ; Maekawa, Takumi ; Shigeta, Yasunari ; Tanaka, Gengo
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金沢大学国際基幹教育院GS教育系
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田中, 源吾 ; Tanaka, Gengo
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金沢大学国際基幹教育院GS教育系
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田中, 源吾 ; Suzuki, Yutaro ; Tanaka, Gengo
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金沢大学国際基幹教育院GS教育系
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田中, 源吾 ; Tanaka, Gengo
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金沢大学国際基幹教育院GS教育系<br />The Light-Switch Hypothesis' proposed by Parker (2003) is reviewed on the basis of recent relevant
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literature in order to test the hypothesis. This review revealed the following: 1) Diversification of bilaterian animals occurred during the Late Ediacaran Period, based on paleontological and molecular clock evidences. 2) Developmental genetic studies of eyes suggest that the eyes of bilaterian animals were formed from those of the Urbilateria, which hypothetically had both rhabdom and cilium photoreceptors during the Ediacaran period. During evolution, vertebrates utilized cilium photoreceptors, while invertebrates selected rhabdom photoreceptors for the development of eyes. On the basis of the detailed research of the ommatidium surface of the low-light adapted compound eye of the fruit fly, the phenotype of corneal nipple protuberances has changed in a extremely short time period from the view point of the geologic time scale. 3) The oldest fossilized eyes discovered are those of trilobite and bradoriid arthropods from 521 Ma. Increases in body size, and the corresponding increase of energy required, during 630Ma-521Ma may have been triggered by the evolution of the eye.
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前田, 晴良 ; 上田, 直人 ; 西村, 智弘 ; 田中, 源吾 ; 野村, 真一 ; 松岡, 廣繁 ; Maeda, Haruyoshi ; Ueda, Naoto ; Nishimura, Tomohiro ; Tanaka, Gengo ; Nomura, Shin'ichi ; Matsuoka, Hiroshige
概要:
金沢大学国際基幹教育院GS教育系<br />高知県佐川地域に分布する七良谷層の模式層序周辺の泥質砂岩中から，最上部ジュラ系を示す2種類のアンモノイド化石を発見した．そのうちAspidoceras属は，テチス海地域の最上部ジュラ系から多産し，
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Hybonoticeras属は同地域のキンメリッジアン−チトニアン階境界付近を示準するタクサである．これらの化石の産出により，七良谷層は最上部ジュラ系（キンメリッジアン−チトニアン階）に対比される可能性が高い．この結論は放散虫化石層序とおおむね調和的である．これまで七良谷層は，上部ジュラ系−下部白亜系鳥巣層群の層序的下位にあたる地層と考えられてきた．しかし七良谷層から産出したアンモノイドの示す時代は，鳥巣層群産アンモノイドのレンジと明らかに重複し，アンモノイド化石からは両岩相層序ユニットの時代差は識別できない．したがって，今後，七良谷層と鳥巣層群の層序関係を再検討する必要がある．<br />The Naradani Formation is located to the south of the Torinosu Group in the Sakawa district of Kochi, southwest Japan, and consists of a linear, narrowly distributed series of marine clastic deposits that contain allochthonous limestone blocks. This formation was previously correlated to the Bajocian–Bathonian Middle Jurassic using brachiopods extracted from the limestone blocks, with later radiolarian correlations suggesting an Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian Upper Jurassic age. The formation has also been interpreted to underlie the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Torinosu Group. However, the discovery of two stage-diagnostic aspidoceratid ammonoids, Aspidoceras sp. and Hybonoticeras sp., from muddy sandstones in the stratotype area of the Naradani Formation casts doubt on these previous interpretations. Aspidoceras was widespread during the latest Jurassic, and the presence of Hybonoticeras limits this short stratigraphic interval to the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian boundary in various Tethyan sections. This clearly suggests a latest Jurassic age for the Naradani Formation and generally supports the radiolarian biostratigraphy age-assignment. However, the ranges of ammonoids from the Naradani Formation overlap those from the Torinosu Group, meaning that it is not possible to determine an age-difference between these two lithostratigraphic units. Further research is needed to test other hypotheses, for example to determine whether heterotopic facies relationships exist between the Naradani Formation and the Torinosu Group.
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田中, 源吾 ; 伊丹, 美穂 ; 黒澤, 幸愛 ; 吉岡, あゆみ ; 横田, 麻莉 ; 新井, 理菜 ; 出原, 祐樹 ; 林, 広樹 ; Tanaka, Gengo ; Itami, Miho ; Kurosawa, Sachie ; Yoshioka, Ayumi ; Yokota, Mari ; Arai, Rna ; Idehara, Yuki ; Hayashi, Hiroki
概要:
金沢大学国際基幹教育院GS教育系<br />群馬県富岡市南西部の大島付近の鏑川沿いに分布する中部中新統富岡層群小幡層において‘古蛇崩い礁’と呼ばれる隣接地域とは岩相が著しく異なった地層が露出している．今回，微化石群集を用いて，当該地層の堆積
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年代と堆積環境の再検討を行った．介形虫化石および岩相解析の結果，‘古蛇崩い礁’は，漸深海の石英斑岩の海底面上に浅海からの堆積物重力流による流れ込みで形成された堆積物であることが明らかとなった．また有孔虫と介形虫化石から，当該地層は前期中新世後期〜中期中新世前期のいわゆる「中新世熱帯海中気候事件」期に堆積したものであることが判明した．本邦における「中新世熱帯海中気候事件」期の漸深海性介形虫化石群としては2例目の報告となる．<br />We present a micropaleontological re-examination of the depositional environment of the ‘Kojyakui-sho’ sediments of the Middle Miocene Obata Formation, part of the Tomioka Group, located along the Kabura-gawa River near Tajima, Tomioka City, western Gunma Prefecture, central Japan. These sediments contain sublittoral and bathyal ostracods, and were deposited in the bathyal zone on a quartz-porphyry bedrock seafloor during the late Early to early Middle Miocene. Planktonic foraminifera and ostracods within these samples indicate that the ‘Kojyakui-sho’ sediments formed during the Miocene Climatic Optimum; this is the second reported occurrence of these Miocene Climatic Optimum bathyal ostracod species in Japan.
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田中, 源吾 ; 野村, 律夫 ; Tanaka, Gengo ; Nomura, Ritsuo
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金沢大学国際基幹教育院GS教育系<br />島根半島に分布する中部中新統古江層より，介形虫化石群を報告した．本群集はMacrocypris sp., Palmoconcha saboyamensis, Falsobuntonia hayam
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iiおよびPalmenella limicolaで特徴づけられる．同様なMacrocypris属が卓越する群集は，現在の島根半島沖の寒冷な下部陸棚域に認められる．このことから，本化石群は下部陸棚の環境を示唆すると考えられる．<br />This report provides the first description of ostracod assemblages from the Middle Miocene Furue Formation, Shimane Peninsula, Southwest Japan. The assemblage consists mainly of Macrocypris sp., Palmoconcha saboyamensis, Falsobuntonia hayamii and Palmenella limicola. Based on a comparison among Recent ostracod assemblages, the reported fossil assemblage indicates a cool lower-shelf environment similar to the Recent off Shimane Peninsula.
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金子, 稔 ; 野村, 正弘 ; 田中, 源吾 ; Kaneko, Minoru ; Nomura, Masahiro ; Tanaka, Gengo
概要:
金沢大学国際基幹教育院GS教育系
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田中, 源吾 ; 森脇, 広 ; 永迫, 俊郎 ; 西澤, 文勝 ; 松島, 義章 ; 鈴木 ; Morikawa, Hiroshi ; Nagasako, Toshiro ; Nishizawa, Fumikatsu ; Matsushima, Yoshiaki ; Suzuki, Takehiko ; Tanaka, Gengo
概要:
金沢大学国際基幹教育院GS教育系<br />Shinjima (Moeshima) Island in Kagoshima Bay, southern Kyushu, Japan is noteworthy in volcanology,
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paleontology, and palaeo-environmental studies, because the island emerged from the bay bottom during volcanic activity at Sakurajima in 1780 AD. As a result, Holocene and late-Pleistocene deposits of the bay including muddy deposits, a thick pyroclastic flow deposit, and prominent molluscan shell beds occur on this island. Several tephras included in the bay deposits are critical for deriving their precise chronology. The chronology of those tephras was constructed on the basis of their identification using both refractive indices and major element compositions of constituent glass shards, as well as stratigraphic features in the field. Tephras identified in sediments from younger to older are Sakurajima-Taisho (Sz-Ts)-/P1, Sakurajima-Sueyoshi(Sz-Sy)-/P11, Yonemaru, Sakurajima-Uwaba(Sz-Ub)-/P12, Sakurajima-Takatoge3 (Sz-Tk3)-/P13, Sakurajima-Satsuma (Sz-S)-/P14, and Shinjima pyroclastic flow deposit. The Shinjima pyroclastic flow deposit, which differs stratigraphically between northern and southern areas of Shinjima Island, is the same tephra in the two areas, and is estimated to be c. 13,000 cal BP in age. The pumice clasts of Sz-Sy/P11 provided a suitable environment for the habitat of a prominent shell bed (Moeshima Shell Bed) composed mainly of Neopycnodonte musashiana. Sz-Ub/P12, Sz-Tk3/P13, and associate secondary deposits of Sz-S/P14 indicate that the deposit was formed in the last 13,000 cal BP. The chronology of the deposits of Shinjima Island is based on the findings of stratigraphic positions and ages of those tephras, and 14C ages obtained in this study, and will play an important role when examining the palaeo-environmental history of Kagoshima Bay since the last deglaciation.
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田崎, 和江 ; 田崎, 史江 ; 奥野, 正幸 ; 竹原, 照明 ; 石垣, 靖人 ; 中川, 秀昭 ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Tazaki, Fumie ; Okuno, Masayuki ; Takehara, Teruki ; Ishigaki, Yasuhito ; Nakagawa, Hideki
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />イタリア・トスカーナ州南部のマレンマという地域には，イオウ臭が強くpH7，水温37°Cの棚田状のサトゥルニア天然温泉がある．本研究では，サトゥルニア天然温泉で産出される，豆石，褐色石灰岩および緑
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色バイオマットについて，化学組成，鉱物組成，微生物的特徴を調べた．全岩試料のXRD分析により，豆石は方解石，自然硫黄，石英から構成されており，褐色石灰岩は雲母，自然硫黄，菱沸石，7 Å粘土鉱物から構成されていることを明らかにした．また，全岩試料のXRF分析により，褐色石灰岩にはO，Si，Al，K，Ca，Fe，Naが多く，豆石にはC，O，Ca，Sr，Sが多いことを明らかにした．更に，豆石の断面をSEM-EDSで観察・分析・元素濃度分布図を行ったところ，全岩試料のXRDおよびXRF分析では検出されなかった微生物とSrを含むフランボイダル黄鉄鉱や燐灰石が発見された．<br />A well-known terrace-forming hot spring is located at Saturnia in the Maremma area of southern Toscana, Italy. The waters are circumneutral (pH around 7), mesophilic (around 37°C), and give off a strong sulfurous odor. Pisoliths, brown limestone, and green microbial mats are found in the area. Hot spring structures and compositions are determined based on mineralogical and chemical data obtained with a powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and an X-ray fluorescence analyzer (XRF). Microbial parameters are determined on sub-millimeter scales using a scanning electron microscope, equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS).XRD results indicate that the pisoliths are composed of calcite, native sulfur, and quartz, whereas the brown limestone contains mica, native sulfur, chabazite, and 7 Å clay minerals. XRF analysis indicates that the pisoliths contain mainly C, O, Ca, S, Si, and Sr, whereas the brown limestone contains high concentrations of O, S, Al, K, Ca, Fe, and Na. Because the pisoliths are Ca-rich, concentrations of heavy metals (Sr, Sn, and Pb) at the aqueous interface can be explained by combining XRF chemistry, XRD mineralogy, and SEM-EDS observations of green microbial mats. SEM-EDS elemental maps of the pisolith indicate the presence of apatite and framboidal pyrite crystals.
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田崎, 和江 ; 縄谷, 奈緒子 ; 国峯, 由貴江 ; 森川, 俊和 ; 名倉, 利樹 ; 脇元, 理恵 ; 朝田, 隆二 ; 渡辺, 弘明 ; 永井, 香織 ; 池田, 頼正 ; 佐藤, 一博 ; 瀬川, 宏美 ; 宮田, 浩志郎 ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Nawatani, Naoko ; Kunimine, Yukie ; Morikawa, Toshikazu ; Wakimoto, Rie ; Asada, Ryuji ; Watanabe, Hiroaki ; Nagai, Kaori ; Ikeda, Yorimasa ; Sato, Kazuhiro ; Segawa, Hiromi ; Miyata, Koshirou
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />1991年12月,排砂ゲートを設けた出し平ダム(富山県黒部川水系1985年設立)から,初の直接排砂が行われ,その際,多量のヘドロが排出された.その後も1999年までに計8回の排砂が行われた.本研
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究において,出し平ダム湖および富山湾堆積物の特性について分析を行った.その結果,特に芦野沖にヘドロが堆積していること,そして,富山湾堆積物は他の湾堆積物と比べカオリン鉱物,スメクタイトが多く,出し平ダム湖堆積物と類似した粘土鉱物組成を持つことが明らかとなった.実験より,ニジマスのエラにスメクタイトが吸着することで,エラの変形や脱水を引き起こすことが明らかとなり,また,富山湾で採取されたヒラメのエラ表面が,微細粒子で覆われているのが観察された.以上の結果と1991年から1999年の出し平ダム排砂量とヒラメの漁獲量の変遷には密接な関係が認められ,ダム湖や富山湾底質の経時変化を観察することの重要性が示された.<br />In 1985, a dam with a discharge gate was built at Dashidaira at Kurobe River, Toyama Prefecture for the first time in Japan. The dam sediments were first flushed out in December, 1991. The sediments with bad smell, such as sludge, spread all over the downstream of Kurobe River. After the first discharge of the dam sediments, benthic fishes decreased year by year in Toyama Bay. In this study, the sediments in Dashidaira Dam Reservoir and Toyama Bay were collected in 1997, 2000 and 2001. The Toyama Bay sediments which were considered to have been affected by discharged dam sediments were collected on July 20, 2000, November 19, 2000, and March 3, 2001. The sediments in the dam reservoir and the bay were studied chemically, physically and mineralogically for comparative study. The quantity of clay minerals, mainly smectite, increase toward the discharge gate at Dashidaira Dam. The distribution of clay minerals approximately corresponded to distribution of the N, C, and S concentration in Toyama Bay. XRD data show similar clay mineral components and patterns between dam sediments and suspended particles from the seabed at the offing of Kurobe River mouth. The sediments in Dashidaira Dam Reservoir and Toyama Bay contain relatively high content of kaolin minerals associated with chlorite, vermiculite, smectite, and mica clay minerals compared with sediments of the other bays. Rainbow trouts in water with smectite suspension result clearly indicated the damage to the fish. In the highest concentration of smectite (lOg/l), all 7 rainbow trouts died in five hours. The fish's gills were deformed and dehydrated, suggesting influence of smectite particles adhered to the surface of the gills. Furthermore, SEM observation and EDX analysis of the flat fish's gill in Toyama Bay clearly showed the presence of particle-like thin films with organic materials sticking on the surface. The volume of discharged sediments from Dashidaira Dam Reservoir is clearly related to the decrease of annual haul of benthic fishes in Toyama Bay within the past nine years (1991-1999).
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| 18.
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白石, 秀一 ; 高橋, 直人 ; 霜島, 康浩 ; 朝田, 隆二 ; 渡辺, 弘明 ; 田崎, 和江 ; Shiraishi, Shuichi ; Takahashi, Naoto ; Shimojima, Yasuhiro ; Asada, Ryuji ; Watanabe, Hiroaki ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />Bluish green Zn-S-and yellowish brown Fe-microbial mats were found on outer surfaces of well rise
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r pipes on Kakuma campus of Kanazawa University, Ishikawa Prefecture. The microscopic observation and XRF chemical analysis revealed that the formative conditions of microbial mats differ in depth due to stationary and pumping groundwater levels. Bluish green microbial mats formed in 61.6-75.6 m depth were characterized by high content of Zn and S. The microbial mats mainly consist of spherical fifine particles of several Am in size. A small amount of coccoid-and bacilli-form bacteria were found in the aggregation. While, yellowish brown microbial mats formed in 30.8-61.6 m depth and were characterized by high content of Fe, Ca, P, Si and Zn. The microbial mats mainly consist of spiral materials that were metabolized from an iron oxidizing bacterium, Gallionella ferruginea. Harp-like materials metabolized from another iron oxidizing bacteria, Toxothirixspp. were also found below 56 m in depth. A large amount of coccoid-, bacilli-and filamentous-form bacteria were found in the assemblage of the metabolic materials and the number of filamentous-form bacteria increased with depth.TEM observations and FE-TEM-EDX elemental maps revealed that some spherical particles on the cell surface of bacteria in the bluish green microbial mats are rich in Zn and S stick, suggesting that Zn exist as sulfide. The other adhesion materials consisted of Fe, Si, 0, and Zn were also formed around cell wall. The bacteria inthe bluish green microbial mats might be tolerant to heavy metal Zn.
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| 19.
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田崎, 和江 ; 金沢大学理学部地球学科田崎ゼミ生調査団 ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系
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| 20.
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田崎, 和江 ; 鈴木, 祐恵 ; 藤沢, 瑛子 ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Suzuki, Sachie ; Fujisawa, Eiko
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />2007年12月7日7時ごろに韓国泰安半島沖10kmで香港籍タンカーの衝突事故が発生した.3つのタンクから重油と原油が12,547kl流出し海岸一帯が汚染された.万里浦海岸(Mallipo Be
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ach)には厚さ30cmの重油が漂着し汚染が最も深刻であった.韓国中からボランティアが集まり,干潮時に毎日6時間の浄化作業を行った.ボランテイアは政府機関のみならず会社,研究所,地域のクラブ,女性組織なども参加した.また,12月30,31日,1月3日には,カナダ,ドイツ,アメリカ,韓国から約50名の科学者や専門家が浄化計画会議をもった.被害はおよそ300億円といわれている.本研究では事故発生から1ヶ月後の2008年1月5-6日に韓国泰安半島の万里浦海岸と蟻項海岸(Euhang Beach)の汚染調査を行った.現地でのボランテイア活動の様子,大気中の芳香族炭化水素の測定,海水の水質測定,重油の化学成分,微生物による油分解実験結果について報告し,1997年1月に日本で起きたナホトカ号重油流出事故の場合と比較検討した.ナホトカ号のC重油流出量の1.7-2.0倍という韓国史上最大の事故にもかかわらず,1ヶ月弱できれいになった砂海岸の浄化作業は驚異的である.早急な浄化作業の要因を考察し,今後の課題と提言を行った.<br />The oil spill accident occurred when a Hong Kong-registered supertanker (Hebei Spirit) was rammed by a South Korean-owned barge that came unmoored from its tugboat in rough seas about 10km off Mallipo Beach at Taean Peninsula, South Korea. The 3 kinds of oil spill accidents started at 7:00 on December 7th 2007, when a tanker collided with a barge, and blackened once-scenic beach along South Korea's western coast, about 150km, southwest of Seoul. A total of 12,547kl of both heavy oil and crude oil gushed into the ocean, more than twice as much as in South Korea's previous worst spill, in 1995. Local residents worked with about 8,800 peoples of volunteers, civil servants, police officers and military personnel, were engaged in the effort to clear away oil on the region's shores. The seafood, oyster farms and tourism industries in the Taean region have been devastated. Oil blanketed the sand of Mallipo Beach and the rocks of Euhang Beach at Taean Peninsula, South Korea, were studied on January 5-6th 2008, just after one month of the accident. Residents wore overalls, used shovels, buckets, adsorption mats, tatters, oil fences, hand-made adsorption roller, heated water at 50-70℃ washing bath, and high-pressured nozzle to clean up the oil muck. The purification of oil on the sand beach was made so quickly within one month in sandy Mallipo Beach, whereas abundant oil drops between rocks with oil slick on the seawater surface on the rocky beach in Euhang Beach still remain. The oilcontaminated hazard map by Marine Environmental Risk Assessment Research Division, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Korea, reported on December 18-19th 2007. In this study, on-site surveys for checking and observing the oiling condition have started on January 5-6th 2008 one month after the spill at Mallipo Beach and Euhang Beach. The values of pH and EC in two places indicated that the bioremediation process of oil took place under neutral conditions. The analytical data of volatile aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations for 0.5l/min at two beaches indicated that the concentration of toluene is quite higher in the atmosphere than that of C typed heavy oil from the Nakhodka tanker in January 1997 in Japan. In particular, toluene concentrations were unbelievably 100-1000 times higher than those in the Nakhodka tanker accident in Japan. They succeed to cleanup beach within one month by volunteer works of manpower, and keep the clean beautiful seashore. Furthermore, we must find new defensive measure systems which are safe, low cost, easy, and sustainable by using local natural materials without manmade chemical substances. It is right time to act locally in Asian countries and think globally about environmental seawater.
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| 21.
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田崎, 和江 ; 中西, 孝 ; 横山, 明彦 ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Nakanishi, Takashi ; Yokoyama, Akihiko
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系
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| 22.
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田崎, 和江 ; 竹原, 照明 ; 橋田, 由美子 ; 橋田, 省三 ; 中村, 圭一 ; 横山, 明彦 ; 青木, 小波 ; 田崎, 史江 ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Takehara, Teruaki ; Hashida, Yumiko ; Hashida, Shozo ; Nakamura, Keiichi ; Yokoyama, Akihiko ; Aoki, Conami ; Tazaki, Fumie
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />黒柿はカキノキ科の一つであり，幹・枝・根の断面に黒色の部分があり，心材や辺材には縞が美しい孔雀の羽根のような模様（孔雀杢 くじゃくもく）がある．孔雀杢は何百年と樹齢を重ね，かつ，様々な条件を満た
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した柿の木だけが黒と白の美しい模様を持つようになった希少な銘木である．材質が竪硬で粘りもあり，細かい細工をする指物に適しており和家具，茶道具などが金沢伝統工芸品となっている．しかし，江戸時代に加賀藩が黒柿の栽培を行っていたとされるものの，その科学的な記録はない．なぜ柿の木の幹に黒い色の美しい模様ができるのかを究明するために，石川県金沢市内に生育している黒柿を採取して，IP，XRD，ICP-MS，XRF，SEM-EDS，放射能測定器を用いて物理化学的，鉱物学的，微生物学的特徴を調べた．本研究試料の「黒柿」のXRD 分析では，セルロースの他に低温型α- クリストバライト，生体アパタイト（燐灰石），ハロイサイトなどの粘土鉱物が含まれていた．黒柿の黒色化した幹に形成する孔雀杢は“珪化木”ということができる．本研究結果から，①黒柿が“珪化木”になるには，まず，根の中心の白色部に認められた微生物がCa >>> P，S >> Mg > Si，Fe，Cl，K，Mn を取り込み，生体アパタイトを形成する．②成長するにしたがって，放射能核種やB，Br を伴って, さらにCa，P，S >> K，Mg，Si，Sr > Cl，Mn，Fe などの元素を取り込みながら黒色化する．③そして，年月を経るにしたがって, 幹の辺材部に黒色の縞模様（孔雀杢）を作りながら低温型α- クリストバライト（珪化木）を形成することが明らかになった．<br />Kurogaki (Black persimmon; Diospyros kaki) grows very slowly and has extremely hard wood known for its striking black coloration, referred to as the “peacock pattern”. It was formerly planted in Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. Kurogaki is currently very rare, found in only one of every 1,000 to 10,000 trees. Therefore, scientific data on Kurogaki are currently very limited but these trees are highly valuable for manufacturing furniture, tea ceremony goods, boxes, and other miscellaneous articles.Here we report the characterization of Kurogaki at Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan, based on radioactivity, purple mineral light, and H2 O2 reactions in the field. To date, no report has described the results of electron microscopy observations and chemical analyses, which could elucidate simple identification of species. Here we studied the microstructure, mineralogy, chemical composition, and radioactivity associated with microorganisms in Kurogaki wood using analytical data based on X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), imaging plate (IP), scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and semiconductor detectors. We investigated the distribution, location, identification, structure, and differentiation of the black “peacock pattern” parts and ordinarily colored wooden parts and roots.We evaluated the mineralogy, chemistry, and micromorphology of Kurogaki using a combination of micro techniques. Using XRD, the black “peacock pattern” parts were found to mainly comprise cellulose associated with spherical and beaded microorganisms, mineralized living apatite, α-cristobalite, and halloysite. Particular elements associated with microorganisms were identified using SEM-EDS, which revealed the elemental content maps of the central white spot in cross sections of the “peacock pattern”, indicating high concentrations of Ca, P and S. The chemical compositions of the black and white parts were determined based on mineralogical and chemical data obtained using XRF analyzer and ICP-MS.Furthermore, we used imaging plate methods to obtain radioactive images of the cross sections of the “peacock pattern”. The objective was to illustrate the association of minerals with various microorganisms that are capable of absorbing both radionuclides and stable isotopes from soil and water. A radio dosage analysis of the higher black parts was performed by imaging plate pictures. We investigated the quantitative radiation dosages of the “peacock pattern” using Ge and Si semiconductor detectors, which revealed 137Cs concentrations.The black “peacock pattern” parts were richer in almost all elements such as K, Ca, Mg, S, Al, Fe, P, Na, Mn, B and Ba, than the white cellulose parts, indicating a role of microorganisms in mediating the transfer of metal solutes from the hydrosphere and soils. Using SEM-EDS micromorphology, the chemical composition of the black “peacock pattern” parts was found to be associated with α-cristobalite and living apatite having wooden clapper-like microcrystals. The distribution of elements indicated the influences of soils in their surrounding environment. Our results provide the evidence of the ability of microorganisms to immobilize radionuclides in the soils. The microorganisms grow in the black “peacock pattern” parts of Kurogaki.In conclusion, α-cristobalite and living apatite crystals physically and biologically grow in the sap with cellulose under neutral conditions (pH7) in association with microorganisms using carbon dioxide supplied by bacteria. Therefore, the crystals produced the “peacock pattern” in Kurogaki were formed at late times during the year.
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| 23.
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高橋, 直人 ; 田崎, 和江 ; Takahashi, Naoto ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />金沢大学角間2号井戸(深度150m,取水区間深度62〜73m,同78.5〜95m,同106〜138m)では,これまで地下水位・地下水温・電気伝導度の自動観測を行っており, 2007年3月25日に
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発生した能登半島地震前後における10分間隔の詳細な経時変動データを取得することができた.地下水位は,揚水ポンプの停止時に深度31m,稼動時には深度39m程度の値を示した.電気伝導度は,ポンプの停止時に18.2mS/m,稼動時には18.7mS/mの値を示した.季節変動として,夏〜秋にわずかに高く,冬〜春にかけて低くなる現象が見られている.地下水位および電気伝導度については,地震の前後で異常な水位変動は見られなかった.地下水温は,地震時直近のポンプの停止時に12.3℃,稼動時に12.6℃の値を示した.通常地下水温は夏に低く,冬に高い傾向が見られているが,能登半島地震の前約2週間の間,地下水温が約0.5℃高い傾向が継続する現象が見られた.この傾向はポンプの稼動・停止や,気温,通年の季節変動傾向などとは異なるパターンの変動であった.今後は,より震央に近い地域における地下水位・水温・水質の観測記録との照合や,余震にともなう変化の観察などの再検証が必要であるものと考える.<br />The effect on groundwater in Kakuma-No.2-well at Kanazawa University by the Noto Hanto Earthquake struck at 9:41 a.m. 25th March 2007, reported in this study. The groundwater level indicated 39m in depth during operation, whereas the level indicated 31m in depth without operation. The electric conductivity (EC) of the groundwater during operation showed 18.7mS/m, whereas the EC showed 18.2mS/m without operation, using automatic measurement system. The EC tend to be higher in summer-autumn than that of winter-spring, which had not changed the value before and after the earthquake. On the other hand, the groundwater temperature showed 12.6℃ during operation whereas the temperature showed 12.3℃ without operation. The temperature clearly increased 0.5℃ for 2 weeks before the earthquake, and decreased the temperature after the earthquake. The results suggest that the earthquake gave the effect on the groundwater temperature as well. We need comparison with the record collected from the nearest area of epicenter in our future work.
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| 24.
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今井, 茂雄 ; 北川, 陽 ; 田崎, 和江 ; Imai, Shigeo ; Kitagawa, Yo ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />日本の九州の南に位置する沖永良部島は,石灰岩からなるため地下水による沈殿物の形成が速い.島内では,こうしたCa濃度の高い地下水を飲料水として使っているため,水洗用便器や水道管が沈殿物で閉塞する問
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題を引き起こす.本研究では,知名町の水洗便器と赤嶺地区の上水ポンプ場の配管の2ヵ所で沈殿物を採取した.2つの沈殿物には,繊維状のシアノバクテリアが認められた.また,これらの沈殿物はカルサイトが主成分であり,水道水中から濃集したCu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Pbなどの重金属を含有していた.EPMA分析によって,PとNの濃集部位と重金属の濃集層とが一致していることが観察された.これら沈殿物の分析から,炭酸塩形成に適した生物化学的条件となっていたと解釈できる.われわれの生活環境の中で,設備に付着するこうした沈殿物は,汚れとして問題視される.しかしながら,こうした環境で微生物が水道水中の重金属を濃集することが示唆された.<br />Precipitates grow rapidly from underground water in limestone terrain of Okinoerabu Island located southern Kyusyu, Japan. In this island, Ca-rich underground water are used as drinking water which cause and effect choking toilet bowl and water pipes by the precipitates. In this study the precipitates were collected from toilet bowl at China-cho and from the water pipe of pump well at Akamine. Filamentous cyanobacteria are observed on the surface of the precipitates in both cases. These precipitates consist mainly of calcite with heavy metals, such as Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and Pb which are concentrated from water. The accumulation of P and N are also detected at heavy metal layers by using EPMA. The precipitates can explain that biochemical conditions are favorable for carbonate formation. In human daily life the precipitates adhered to equipments are displeased as a dirt. However in this environments, the results suggest that microorganism can accumulate heavy metals from drinking water.
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| 25.
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脇元, 理恵 ; 田崎, 和江 ; Wakimoto, Rie ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />新潟県月岡温泉は,原油と共に噴出したpH7.3,Eh-184mV,49.2℃の化石海水型の温泉で,その源泉井戸には黒色の原油と緑色バイオマットが存在する.このバイオマット中には糸状細菌および球菌
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が存在し,銅藍(covellite; CuS)の鉱物化が認められた.銅藍の構成元素であるCuは原油に由来している.SEM観察により,油滴表面での糸状細菌のコロニー形成および溶菌作用によるバイオフィルムの形成が認められ,さらに,その表面に銅藍の結晶化が認められた.微生物の培養実験により,バイオマット中には石油分解菌である糸状細菌と硫酸還元菌である球菌が同定された.さらに,有機結合およびリン脂質分析により,バイオマット中のリン脂質,特に,界面活性作用を持つレシチンおよびリン酸エステルの存在が明らかになった.また,糸状細菌は二重膜および細胞外多糖類(EPS)を持ち,リン脂質はこの部分に含まれると考えられる.糸状細菌はバイオマット表面に付着した油滴を栄養源とし,球菌が生成した硫酸塩を電子授与体として代謝を行い,溶菌後,バイオフィルムを形成する.油滴中のCuは温泉水中に溶出し,中性で還元的な環境下において銅藍の結晶を形成する.すなわち,本研究において,石油分解菌の細胞膜およびEPSの有機界面活性作用と硫酸還元菌による水質の還元化が,油滴表面での銅藍の形成に重要な役割を果たしていることが明らかになった.この結果は,土壌および地下水圏の石油汚染地域における石油の分解・除去メカニズムの解明の糸口となると考えられる.<br />The inner wall of the Tsukioka hot spring well was covered with green microbial mats which contained black crude oil. The hot spring is located in Tsukioka, Niigata, Japan. The hot spring water (pH 7.3, Eh -184 mV and 49.2℃) that was produced from a 280m in depth originated from fossil seawater. The aim of this study was to investigate of covellite biomineralization in the green microbial mats with crude oil from the Tsukioka hot spring water. Observations by optical and electron microscopy, phospholipid analysis and bacterial cultivation showed that the biomineralization of covellite (CuS) was found on the surface of crude oil droplets. ED-XRF analysis showed that the crude oil contained SO3 (67.6wt%), CaO (24.8wt%) and Cu2O (2.6wt%). Observations by optical and epifluorescence microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that two morphological types of bacteria (i.e., filamentous and coccus typed bacteria) were found on crude oil droplets. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observations further revealed that the cell wall of the filamentous bacteria had a double membrane and was surrounded by Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS), which might provide the favorable nucleation sites for CuS. X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction analyses of the microbial mats showed that the materials precipitated on the surface of the oil droplets were highly crystallized covellite (CuS). FT-IR spectra of the microbial mats that contained covellite showed the appearance of C-N-H, P=O, P-O-C and N-H bands, indicating the presence of phospholipids (lecithin and phosphoric ester) in the microbial mats. Cultivation experiments, furthermore, demonstrated that the cultivated bacteria were identified as sulfate reducing bacteria (for coccus typed bacteria) and oil decomposing bacteria (for filamentous bacteria). A schematic formation model is here suggested to better understand the interaction between bacterial cells and oil droplets under anaerobic conditions in the Tsukioka hot spring water. The biomineralization of covellite described in this study might have profound implications for bioremediation of oilcontaminated site.
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| 26.
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三津野, 真澄 ; 渡辺, 弘明 ; 田崎, 和江 ; 長沼, 毅 ; Mitsuno, Masumi ; Watanabe, Hiroaki ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Naganuma, Takeshi
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系
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| 27.
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児玉, 一八 ; 田崎, 和江 ; Kodama, Kazuya ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />In the past 55 years no floods have occurred in Asanogawa River which has no dam. Early on the mo
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rning of July 28th, 2008, localized torrential rain in the area around Asanogawa River in Kanazawa City, Japan, brought inundations, flooding homes, causing landslides, and leaving serious damage. In the upper stream, two houses were destroyed completely by flooding and landslides. The muddy flood water flowed into fields and rice paddies, fruit trees were washed down, and the rice was killed. In several areas where the river narrowed, or at bends, flood waters overflowed the dike. Because of delays in closing the floodgate, the river overflowed at opening in the dike called "Kirikaki".
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| 28.
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田崎, 和江 ; 中西, 孝 ; 鈴木, 祐恵 ; 佐藤, 和也 ; 森井, 一誠 ; 鈴木, 健之 ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Nakanishi, Takashi ; Suzuki, Sachie ; Satoh, Kazuya ; Morii, Issei ; Suzuki, Kenji
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />2007年3月25日9時41分にマグニチュウド6.9の激震が石川県能登半島を襲い,舗装道路に大きなダメージを与え,交通網が寸断された.本研究調査団はGMサーベーメータを使用し,車によるカーボーン
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法と徒歩によるハンドボーン法の併用により,能登半島地震災害地の空間β線と舗装道路の亀裂,陥没,隆起,地滑り地帯におけるβ線を測定した.測定日は2007年4月4日から19日の間の4回であり,約240kmの距離を2-4台のGMサーベーメータで,毎回同じルートを往復して測定した.また,地震の被害がなかった金沢市内においても4月12日に測定を行い,災害地と比較した.2007年4月4日8:20に輪島市大沢において2300cpmを記録し,同日の13:20には古和秀水にて1500cpmを記録した.これはともにM3.8,深さ10km,震源地37.2N,136.7E,およびM3.3,比較的浅い震源37.2N,136.5Eの余震に合致した,舗装道路の亀裂,陥没,隆起,液状化の箇所は100-200cpmと高い値を示し,かつ,その場の大気はそれ以下であった.一方,地震被害のなかった金沢市内は40-80cpmと低い値を示した.空間β線計数率分布地図は地震の被害が大きい地域で高く,時間が経過するに従い低下することが明らかになった.<br />The magnitude-6.9 Noto Hanto Earthquake struck at 9 : 41 a.m. 25th March 2007, off the north coast of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. The quake started under the ocean about 30km southwest of Wajima, shaking up Ishikawa, Toyama and Niigata prefectures and killing one person and damaging hundreds of houses. The quake crippled public transportation, traffic network, including highway at Noto Peninsula, because of landslide, subsidence, chasm and cracks. Radon has measured in air and ground fissures using portable natural gamma ray system while the Noto Hanto Earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula, in April 4, 8, 10, 12, and 19th 2007. The car-borne and hand-borne measurement system was assembled for easily and rapidly detecting full features of the fissures buried in the ground, and the applicability of the system was detected in the field, such as geological feature, fault fissure zone, distribution/accumulation of new/old chasm and cracks in the surface layer, and direct earthquake itself. The amount of radon reflects the scale of fissures and an abnormal increase in earthquake and new chasm or cracks. The quite high gammaray of 2300cpm was detected in April 4th 8 : 20 at Ozawa, Monzen, Wazima City, near the fault fissure zone, and 1500cpm was detected in April 4th 13 : 20 at Kowashudo, Monzen, Wajima City. Both high radon counts were due to the earthquake of M 3.8, depth 10km, hypocenter was Noto region 37.2N, 136.7E, and the other earthquake of M 3.3 was relatively shallow depth, hypocenter at Noto offshore 37.2N, 136.5E, respectively. The abnormal increase (100-200cpm) detected at large deep subsidence and new crack on the paved road. For comparison, normal air radon without earthquake counted as low as 40-80cpm. Observation of radon at earthquake region such as Monzen-cho related to radon anomaly to compare with other normal region in Kanazawa City has been studied.
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| 29.
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小林, 昭二 ; 田崎, 和江 ; Kobayashi, Shoji ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />系統的にDusisiren jordaniとHydrodamalis gigasの間にあるヤマガタダイカイギュウD. dewana,アイヅタカサトカイギュウD. takasatensis,タキカ
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ワカイギュウH. spissa等をふくむヒドロダマリス亜科の下顎(咀嚼),頭の背屈・側屈,脊柱運動機能の変化について,骨格の観察と現生の海牛(ジュゴンとマナティー)の筋学的な知見をもとに考察を試み,次の結果を得た.1)後期中新世のD. takasatensisとD. dewanaでは歯が小さくなった後,翼状突起腹側部が広がり,下顎骨の吻部咀嚼面が狭い長方形となることから下顎骨を動かし吻部で餌をはさむ力が増したと考えられる.歯を欠如した鮮新世のH. spissaではそれがさらに強くなったと推測される.また側頭稜の発達から鮮新世のH. cuestae, H. spissaでは側頭筋の力が現世のH. gigas以上に強いと考えられる.2)鱗状骨外側部,上後頭骨・外後頭骨背外側縁の形状比較から,後期中新世のD. jordaniのように板状筋が発達する傾向はD. takasatensis, D. dewanaにも認められる.しかし,H. gigasのように板状筋より頭半棘筋の発達が目立つのはすでにH. spissaから認められる.3) D. dewanaとD. takasatensisはほぼ同じ大きさの頭蓋をもつが,鱗状骨外側部,上後頭骨・外後頭骨背外側縁の形状の差異から,D. takasatensisが頭の背屈・側屈がより強く,頭の可動範囲も広いと考えられる.4)ヒドロダマリス亜科は中位胸椎の棘突起が低いことから,最長筋などの軸上筋の発達が弱く,脊柱を背屈させる力もジュゴンの場合より弱い,特にH. spissaで顕著であると考えられる.ヒドロダマリス亜科は水流エネルギーのあまり強くない環境に穏やかな脊柱の動きで生息していたと推測できる.<br />Evolutional change in function of the jaw, mobility of the neck and the vertebral column in Hydrodamalinae is examined on the basis of the fossil skeleton, the myological and osteological knowledge of living sirenians. In Dusisiren dewana, Dusisiren takasatensis and Hydrodamalis spissa, the holding function of their rostra probably had been developed like Hydrodamalis gigas, because they had a mandibular masticating surface which is narrow and rectangular in outline, ventrally broadened pterygoid process that attached the pterygoid muscles. In D. dewana and D. takasatensis, the splenius muscles may have been developed like Dusisiren jordani, but in H. spissa, the semispinalis capitis muscle may have been more developed than the splenius muscle like H. gigas. D. takasatensis has some other features, longer sigmoid ridge of squamosal, larger occipital condyle and occipitosphenoidal eminence, and thicker lateral flange of exoccipital than those of D. dewana. Therefore, there is a possibility that in D. takasatensis the neck force for raising and depressing the head had been strengthened by the developed splenius, semispinalis capitis and longus capitis muscles. The low spinous process of the middle part of the thoracic vertebrae in Hydrodamalinae indicates that the epaxial muscles (longissimus dorsi and transversospinalis muscles) are less developed, and therefore that the mobilities of the vertebral column are gentle. They might have been swimming in the calm environment.
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| 30.
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脇元, 理恵 ; 田崎, 和江 ; 縄谷, 奈緒子 ; 池田, 頼正 ; 今井, 茂雄 ; 佐藤, 一博 ; 奥野, 正幸 ; Wakimoto, Rie ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Nawatani, Naoko ; Ikeda, Yorimasa ; Imai, Shigeo ; Sato, Kazuhiro ; Okuno, Masayuki
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />大島紬は使用する泥田の状態により,染色の仕上りが異なると言われている.本研究では,現在使用中の泥田,現在は使われていない旧泥田,来期使用のために一年間休閑中の泥田の泥について鉱物学的,微生物学的
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特徴を検討した.3つの泥田のEh,DOは,ともに休閑中の田で最も還元状態を示した.泥の中には石英,長石類の他に鉄酸化物や鉄に富むクロライト,バーミキュライト,雲母類粘土鉱物,カオリン鉱物などの粘土鉱物が確認された.一年休閑させている泥田の泥と現在使用中の泥田の泥の総Fe量はともに多く,鉄酸化物や粘土鉱物中に含まれている.一方,有機成分は,現在使用中の泥田で最も高く,この結果は光学顕微鏡観察および偏性嫌気性細菌培養により,多種多様の微生物が観察された事と一致する.また,偏性嫌気性細菌培養結果は,特に鉄還元細菌と考えられる球菌,桿菌が多いことを示した.泥により黒く染色された絹糸部分からは,Fe,S,Ca,Al,Si,P,K,Mnが検出され,これらの元素は,泥およびテーチ木起源と考えられる.よって,大島紬を独特の深い黒色に染色する泥田の条件として,泥田の水質が還元状態である事,染色に重要な鉄は二価鉄である事,泥中には鉄還元細菌をはじめとする多種多様の微生物が存在し,鉄を二価に変えている事があげられる.<br />"Dorozome" is one of the traditional dying methods with muddy clays in Amami-Ohshima Island, Kagoshima, Japan. The brilliant black color of dyed "Ohshima Tsumugi" derives from muddy clays in Dorota (small ponds with muddy clays). In this paper, muddy clays for dying were mineralogically, chemically and microbiologically characterized. The muddy clays consist of Fe-rich chlorite, vermiculite, mica clay minerals, kaolin minerals as well as a large amount of iron hydroxides associated with high P2O5, N, C and S contents in the muddy field. Principally, iron is a key element which constitutes not only crystalline/amorphous hydroxides iron minerals, but also clay minerals. After one year of using the muddy clays, the Eh and DO are significantly reduced in fallow field. Various microorganisms were observed in the muddy clays, such as coccus and bacillus typed bacteria and fungi. Anaerobic bacteria may contribute for reducing condition in the muddy field. The black parts of "Ohshima Tsumugi" contain high concentrations of S, Ca and Fe, whereas white parts without dye contain a small amount of such elements. The heavy metals are originated from both muddy clays and Rhaphiolepis umbellata. The results suggest that specific condition of iron hydroxides is an important factor for brilliant black dye under reducing condition.
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佐藤, 大介 ; 田崎, 和江 ; Sato, Daisuke ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />尾小屋鉱山の坑口(第六立坑)からは,現在も高濃度の重金属を含む酸性の廃水(pH3.5)が流出し続けており,消石灰の投入による中和凝集沈殿処理が行われている.処理後の廃水が流入する沈殿池から採取し
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たコアサンプル(44層)の鉱物組成をX線粉末回折(XRD)によって,また含有元素の割合をエネルギー分散型蛍光X線分析(ED-XRF),NCSコーダーによって分析した.コアサンプルの上部には茶褐色の層が多く,下層になるにつれて色は薄れていく.茶褐色は含有するFeの量により,それらは低結晶性の水酸化鉄鉱物の存在を示唆し,Cu,ZnおよびPbが吸着していると考えられる.また,Sの含有量は深層になるに従って多くなる.カルサイトはコアの上層部に多く,下層部にはエトリンガイトが形成されているが,Cdの含有量はカルサイトやエトリンガイトと同じようなプロファイルを示す.その他,堆積物中には,ジプサム,石英,ブルーサイトが認められた.Caは上層部ではカルサイトとして,また,下層部ではエトリンガイトとして堆積している.本研究により,消石灰の投入によって中和処理された鉱山廃水中の重金属イオンは,水酸化鉄,カルサイト,エトリンガイトに伴って堆積,蓄積されていることが明らかになった.<br />Depositional formula of heavy metals after disposal of the mine drainage from the Ogoya Mine in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, was mineralogically investigated. Strong acidic wastewater (pH3.5) from pithead of the mine contains high concentration of heavy metals. In this mine, neutralizing coagulation treatment is going on by slaked lime (calcium hydroxides: Ca (OH)_2). Core samples were collected at disposal pond to which the treated wastewater flows. The core samples were divided into 44 layers based on the color variation. The mineralogical and chemical compositions of each layer were analyzed by an X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analyzer (ED-XRF) and a NCS elemental analyzer. The upper parts are rich in brown colored layers, whereas discolored are the deeper parts. The color variation is relevant to Fe concentration. Brown colored core sections are composed of abundant hydrous ferric oxides with heavy metals, such as Cu, Zn, and Cd. On the other hand, S concentration gradually increases with depth. XRD data indicated that calcite decreases with increasing depth, and ettringite is produced at the deeper parts. Cd concentration shows similar vertical profile to those of calcite and ettringite. The results revealed that hydrous ferric oxides, calcite and ettringite are formed on deposition, whereby incorporating the heavy metals.
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田崎, 和江 ; 高橋, 正則 ; 鈴木, 祐恵 ; 井本, 香如 ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Takahashi, Masanori ; Suzuki, Sachie ; Imoto, Konyo
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系
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大野, 源広 ; 田崎, 和江 ; Ohno, Motohiro ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />高温環境である平湯温泉,おばこ原の湯には3種のバイオマット(白色,茶色,緑色)が存在する.これらのバイオマットは水温,pH,Eh,DO,光および温泉水の流れの変化に伴い,上流部から下流部に向かっ
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て色調が白色→茶色→緑色へと変化する.白色バイオマットは主として大鎌型細菌から構成され,硫黄を濃集するのに対し,茶色バイオマットは多量の桿菌および少量の糸状菌で構成され,水酸化鉄を濃集する.また,緑色バイオマットは糸状菌から構成され,カルシウムを濃集し,方解石を形成する.すなわち,バイオマットの色は生息する微生物種と形成された生体鉱物を反映している.その中でも高温環境下に存在する大鎌型細菌は夾膜の表面に雁行状に硫黄の結晶を成長させる特徴がある.<br />Colorful biomats were found at Obakoharanoyu in Hirayu Hot Springs, Gifu, Japan. At the upper stream white biomats were commonly found, whereas brown and green biomats occur at the down stream, according to change of environmental conditions, such as temperature, pH, Eh, DO, S2-, photosynthesis and water flow velocities. The pH, WT, Eh, and DO diagrams of the hot spring water from upper to down stream have responded to the occurrence of biomats. White biomats occur in low pH (6.1), reducing (Eh:-270mV), micro-aerobic (DO: 0.3mg/l) and high temperature (70℃) conditions. On the other hand, brown biomats occur in wide ranges of pH (6.5-7.8), Eh (-125〜90mV), DO (2.0〜5.0mg/l) and WT (42-60℃) respectively. In contrast, the occurrence of green biomats are high pH (8.4), oxidizing (Eh: 100mV), aerobic (DO: 7.5mg/l) and middle temperature (30℃). Sulfur ions are detected in water on the white biomats (1-2ppm), while not detected from both brown and green biomats. The white biomats comprising sausage shaped bacteria contain abundant sulfur. The green biomats consist of filamentous bacteria with abundant calcite. The results have revealed that the color of biomats reflects the environmental conditions. TEM and SEM observations indicate that sulfur particles adhere to capsule on the cell wall of sausage shaped bacteria in white biomats. The sulfur particles might be grown to a-sulfur crystals of 10μm insize. The results have revealed that sulfur-biomineralization of sausage shaped bacteria in white biomats is a very important factor for sulfur removal in hot springs.
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| 34.
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田崎, 和江 ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系
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田崎, 和江 ; 中野, 幹夫 ; 竹原, 照明 ; 石垣, 靖人 ; 中川, 秀明 ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Nakano, Mikio ; Takehara, Teruaki ; Ishigaki, Yasuhito ; Nakagawa, Hideaki
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />2011年3月11日に発生した福島第一原発事故により放射能汚染した福島県南相馬市原町区馬場の農業用水にプラスチック製品を7ヶ月間浸して置いたところ,全9試料のうち3試料において放射線量の上昇が認
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められた.そのカーペット,PE防鳥網,荷造り用ひもの3種類について詳細な分析・観察を行った.特に,カーペットの繊維の放射線量が高く,ゲルマニウム半導体検出器による分析では,セシウム134とセシウム137が検出された.また,蛍光X線分析により,Rb,Sr,Nb,Pbも認められた.分析電子顕微鏡観察によれば,この繊維の表面には粘土の微粒子といっしょにケイソウが繁茂しており,Rb,Sr,Pbが濃集していた.放射能汚染した農業用水に浸したプラスチック繊維の表面にはケイソウが多数生息し,粘土の微粒子とともに放射性物質を吸着することが明らかになった.<br />After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident on 11 March, 2011, the high radioactive dosage was found in polluted water for agriculture use at Baba, Haramachi, Minami-Soma, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Field experiment for decontamination of water had been studied by using commercial plastic materials. The agricultural water comes from Tetsuzan dam is full of radioactive-contaminated water. Experimental analysis showed that the plastic materials can take up radioactive elements for several months soaked in the polluted agricultural water. The quantitative analyses using X-ray fluorescence analysis, Ge semiconductor and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS), revealed the detection of the radionuclides on the plastic materials with diatom and clays. The results suggest the adsorption of radionuclides on the surface of plastic materials due to FDNPP accident. The plastic materials associated with clays and diatoms could be stronger carriers of radionuclides in the polluted water. Adherence of diatoms to the plastic fiber in the water for 7 months suggested that some plastic materials were taking up heavy metals (Zn, Ba, Pb, Sb) with radioactive elements (Cs etc.). Mechanisms by which radioactive pollutants and microorganisms are adsorbed onto and desorbed from clays at aqueous interface can be understood by combining chemical analysis with electron microscopy observation.
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| 36.
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田崎, 和江 ; 野村, 正純 ; 森井, 一誠 ; 佐藤, 和也 ; 馬場, 奈緒子 ; 中西, 孝 ; 横山, 明彦 ; Chaerun, Siti Khodijah ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Nomura, Masazumi ; Morii, Issei ; Satoh, Kazuya ; Baba, Naoko ; Nakanishi, Takashi ; Yokoyama, Akihiko
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />The magnitude-6.8 Chuetsu-Oki Earthquake struck at 10:13 a.m. 16th July 2007, off the northwester
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n coast of Japan in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. The hypocenter was Chuetsu-Oki region 37.33N, 138.36E (17km in depth). The quake started under the ocean about 9km North of Kashiwazaki Kariwa nuclear plant, killing 11 peoples, and flattening several hundreds of buildings. In this study, Radon has measured in air and ground fissures using portable natural gamma ray system on July 16-17, and 20-21th, 2007. The quite high gamma ray of 300-340 cpm was detected on July 21th at Ohminato, Kariwa village which is the nearest of the fault fissure zone. The abnormal increase (200-300cpm) was detected at large deep subsidence and new crack on the paved road. For comparison, normal air radon without earthquake was counted as low as 60-80cpm. The car-borne and hand-borne measurement system was assembled for easily and rapidly detecting full features of the fissures buried in the ground.
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佐藤, 和也 ; 田崎, 和江 ; 奥野, 正幸 ; 久保, 博 ; Satoh, Kazuya ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Okuno, Masayuki ; Kubota, Hiroshi
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />長野県の松代温泉は,大量のほう素(B)を含む温泉としてよく知られている.その排水溝には茶褐色および黒色のバイオマットが形成されている.特に河川水と温泉排水が交わる部分には黒色のバイオマットが形成
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されている.いずれのバイオマット中にも多量のBが濃集しており,これによって,排水中のB濃度は,排出直後よりも4割程度減少する.これは,バイオマット中に生息するシアノバクテリアがカルサイトを作る時に,二酸化炭素のかわりに炭酸塩イオンを取り込むからである.その際に細胞周辺に局所的に高アルカリ環境を作り出し,温泉中のHBO2を電離させ,よりBを他の物質に結合しやすい状態にするためである.シアノバクテリアはカルサイトを作り出すことによって,Bを濃集させ,温泉水中のBを軽減する働きがある.<br />Matsushiro Hot springs in Nagano Prefecture, Japan is known as one of the hot springs in which the concentration of boron (B) is quite high. The hot spring water drainage ditch was covered with dark brown microbial mats. Before the drainage meets the river, the microbial mats deposit is more than 2m in depth. The microbial mats deposit has two layers. In the upper parts, dark brown microbial mats covered the surface. Underneath are black microbial mats which make up a portion of the two layer structure. At the junction of the drainage and river water, only black microbial mats occurred. The aim of this study was to reduce the boron concentration of the drainage water with microbial mats at Matsushiro Hot Springs. ASS analysis showed that microbial mats collected from five different points contain 854mg B/kg, 8628mg Fe/kg, 120mg As/kg, and 912mg Mg/kg on average. ED-XRF analysis showed that all microbial mats contained more than 50wt% of Ca. XRD analysis and FT-IR spectra of the microbial mats indicated the presence of calcite. Observations by optical and electron microscopy showed that cyanobacteria inhabited dark brown microbial mats, whereas cyanobacteria and diatoms inhabited in black mierobial mats. Cyanobacteria use an enzyme named carbonate anhydrase (CA). HCO3- dissolved in the hot spring water was broken down into CO2 and OH- by CA. That OH- made temporary alkaline conditions around the cyanobacteria. Such alkaline conditions facilitate the break down of HBO2 into H+ and BO2-. BO2- can form many chemical compounds. The concentration of boron described in this study might have profound implications for bioremediation of boron contaminated sites.
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| 38.
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田崎, 和江 ; 野村, 正純 ; 馬場, 奈緒子 ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Nomura, Masazumi ; Baba, Naoko
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />2007年3月25日9時41分にマグニチュード6.9の地震が石川県能登半島を襲った.その地震のため1〜2週間電気や水道が止まった.住民は近所の井戸,湧き水,山水を注意深く使用した.なぜならば,地
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震後のそれらの水は,泥などで色が変化し,pHも硫酸イオンのために中性から酸性に変化し飲料不可になった井戸水があったからである.一方,地震から2ヶ月後の6月初旬,石川県七尾市中島町において、亀裂や陥没等々の地下構造の変化のため,海水が水田に浸透し稲が枯れる塩害が発生した.塩害が発生した水田を始め,周辺の用水路,貯水池の水を現地で測定したところ,pH8を示し電気伝導度(EC)も高い値を示した.また,塩害を起こした水田の土壌と稲を蛍光X線分析により定量分析をおこなったところ高濃度の塩素のほか典型的な塩害現象を示すNa,S,Feが高濃度に検出された.<br />The Noto Hanto Earthquake with a magnitude of 6.9 struck off the North coast of Ishikawa Prefecture that occurred at 9 : 41 a.m. on the 25th March 2007. It was an undersea earthquake with an epicentre of about 30km Southwest of Wajima, shaking up the Hokuriku district and cutting electricity and drinking water system for 1-2 weeks. All residents, especially those who are near the hardest hit areas, were advised to use drinking water collected from springs, wells and mountain natural waters with extra caution, because the water had become muddy after the quake. Some of waters were shifted from neutral to acidic pH (pH 5) that was not drinkable due to SO4_2- On the other hand, the rice fields were also damaged by sea salt after 2 months of the earthquake, because of several factors to consider, such as cracks, faults, and subsidence near reservoir water for rice field irrigation at Nakajima-machi, Nanao City, Ishikawa Prefecture at the beginning of June 2007. The field measurements of the pH of the water (pH 8) and high electrical conductivity (EC) suggest that seawater flowed into the rice fields, which agreed with X-ray Fluorescence quantitative analysis, showing high chlorine content. The soil and rice at damaged fields indicated high Na, S, Cl, and Fe contents, showing typical phenomenon of sea-salt damage. Farmers have asked the government for compensation and prevention of the damaged rice fields even after 2-3 months of the earthquake.
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| 39.
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田崎, 和江 ; 馬場, 奈緒子 ; 佐藤, 和也 ; 奥野, 正幸 ; 福士, 圭介 ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Baba, Naoko ; Satoh, Kazuya ; Okuno, Masayuki ; Fukushi, Keisuke
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />2007年3月25日9時41分にマグニチュード6.9の地震が石川県能登半島を襲った.その折,水道が断水し,住民は周囲の井戸水,湧き水,山水を生活水として使用した.その水は地震直後から白色,灰色,
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茶色に濁り,2-3日から2週間続いた.本研究は被害地の住民からの聞き取り調査,現地における水質検査,採水試料を実験室に持ち帰り,蛍光X線分析,イオンクロマト分析,走査型電子顕微鏡観察を行った.地震前は中性であった井戸水が地震後にpH5.4-5.9と酸性になり,かつ, SO4が非常に高くなり飲料不可となった.一方,中性であった温泉水がpH8とアルカリ性に変化し, NaCl含有量が高くなり,海水の浸入を示唆した.また,飲料水の6項目についての検査を行政に依頼したところ, 2箇所の水から基準以上の一般細菌と大腸菌が見つかり飲料不可となった.なお,この検査項目にはpHが含まれていないので,今後,災害時にはいち早く生活水についてpHや集落形成単位(CFU)を含めた水質検査が必要である.さらに,避難所における生活水はノロウィルスなどによる病気と直結しているため,行政による迅速な措置と指導が必要である.<br />The magnitude-6.9 Noto Hanto Earthquake struck at 9:41 a.m. 25th March 2007, off the north coast of Ishikawa Prefecture. The quake started under the ocean about 30 km southwest of Wajima, shaking up Ishikawa, Toyama and Niigata prefectures and cutting electricity and drinking water system to some 160,000 households, killing one person and damaging hundreds of houses. The quake also crippled public transportation, including Noto airport, and cut water to about 9,500 households. All residents, especially those who are near the hardest-hit area, are advised to use drinking water collected from spring, well and mountain natural water with extra caution, because the water got become muddy in white, gray, and brown color after the quake. Some of water changed to acidic pH 5.4-5.9 from neutral pH is not drinkable due to SO4. The legal standard of pH for drinking water is pH 5.8-8.6. The water contained 5-10 times of SO4 higher than standard concentration of SO4, but looking transparent after one week. The field measurements of water pH suggest that high SO4 contents are due to acidic drinking water, agreed with XRF, ion-chromatography, and SEM-EDX analyses. After 3 weeks, water pH 5.9 backed to the normal pH 6.5, but NO3, Ca and Mg contents were still higher than before the quake. We have ordered the government to work, toward securing the citizen's safety and take all possible measures of drinking water to rescue them. The health center office must take care of spring water, well, and mountain natural water to check pH as soon as possible associated with CPU (Colony Forming Unit) check.
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田崎, 和江 ; 山内 , 順公 ; 犬飼, 将成 ; 中山, 和正 ; 犬塚, 俊裕 ; 森井, 一誠 ; 片桐, 有由未 ; 糸野, 妙子 ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Yamauchi, Yoritaka ; Inukai, Masanari ; Nakayama, Kazumasa ; Inuzuka, Toshihiro ; Morii, Issei ; Katagiri, Ayumi ; Itono, Taeko
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />雨水が樹冠を通過することにより水質がどのように変化するのかを明らかにするため,スギ,コナラ,モウソウチタの林外雨,林内雨および樹幹流の水質測定と溶存イオンをED-XRFにより分析した.雨水の採取
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や測定は2004年2-3月金沢大学角間キャンパスで行った.また,雨水が森林の樹木を伝わり土壌に行く物質循環を明らかにするため,スギ,コナラ,モウソウチクの樹皮の浸出実験と土壌の透過実験を行った.その結果,スギ,コナラの樹皮の浸出液のpHは酸性化し,モウソウチクは弱酸性化した.このpHの変化は溶出したK,Caなどのイオンによって生じる.樹皮の浸出実験の前と後をSEM-EDXで観察したところ,浸出後の表面は平滑になっていた.また,3種の樹木の樹幹流を土壌に透過させるとpHは4-6の一定の値に収束した.これは土壌中に存在する粘土鉱物のイオン交換能を示唆している.さらに,土壌は植生によって溶脱するイオンの種類と量が異なる.以上の結果は,雨水が樹幹を伝わることにより大きく水質および化学成分を変化させることを明らかにした.この結果は森林環境保全を行う上で重要である.<br />Field and laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the successive changes in the chemical and physical characteristics of rainwater through stemflow as well as soil in three different forest ecosystems. That is, Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica), Konara (Quercus serrata), and Mousoutiku (Phyllostachys heterocycla) forests which are located in the Kakuma campus of Kanazawa University, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Rainwater outside those forests was also sampled as control precipitation. For field investigation, the rainwater samples as throughfall and stemflow were collected from February 25 to March 18, 2004. For laboratory investigation, the batch leaching experiment using control rainwater was performed over a period of one week, and the continuous filtration experiment using downflow soil bed system with the stemflow of those trees was undertaken as well. XRD analyses of bulk soil and < 2 μ m fraction of soil samples collected from those forests showed similar mineral compositions composed of quartz, feldspars, cristobalite, gibbsite, chlorite, vermiculite, and kaolin minerals. The leaching experimental data showed similar mineral decreases in the rainwater pH of Sugi forest (pH〜4), while little change in the rainwater pH of Konara forest was observed. Conversely, the rainwater pH of Mousoutiku forest tended to increase. These pH changes may be the result of dissolution of K and Ca contained in the bark of those trees in agreement with the experimental data of chemical composition of rainwater analyzed by ED-XRF. Scanning electron microscopic observations of tree bark showed that the surfaces of bark after leaching became smoother than those before leaching, and their EDX spectra showed that there were decreases in the K and Ca contents after leaching. The continuous filtration experiment demonstrated that there were significant changes in the pH, EC, and Eh of the effluent rainwater after filtering through a soil filter bed with several kinds of minerals, indicating that minerals serve as a natural buffer. These results indicate that the type of plants and mineralogical composition of soils in forest ecosystems have effects on the successive changes in the chemical and physical characteristics of rainwater.
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田崎, 和江 ; 長谷川, 香織 ; 松本, 和也 ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Hasegawa, Kaori ; Matsumoto, Kazuya
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />かつての鉱山活動は重金属を外界に排出し,今日でも水質や土壌汚染の原因となっている.岐阜県神岡町にある大規模なZn-Pb鉱山の一つである神岡鉱山は,神通川の重金属汚染源となってきた.Cd,Pb,Z
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nそしてFeなどの重金属が高原川-神通川水系に未処理のまま廃棄され,下流域の住民の健康に影響を与えた.重金属の中でも特にCdは,イタイイタイ病の病原物質と見なされた.Cd汚染問題は未だに解決されていない.消石灰を投入し,中和凝集処理された廃滓の沈殿池が神岡鉱山にいくつか存在する.廃滓や廃棄場から排出された汚染水は,神通川の上流の高原川に流れ込んでいる.本研究では,重金属を含む堆積物の特性を明らかにするため,高原川-神通川水系にある五つのダムの堆積物を採取した.ダム堆積物の鉱物的・化学的組成を明らかにするため,それぞれの試料についてXRD,ED-XRFによる分析を行った.その結果,神岡鉱山の上流域に位置する浅井田ダムの堆積物はCd,粘土鉱物そして有機物が少なく,神岡鉱山の下流域に位置する新猪谷ダム,神通川第一,第二,第三ダムにおいては,汚泥,スメクタイトそしてZn,Cdのような重金属が多く含まれていることが明らかになった.また,本研究では,水中の重金属の浄化能力を見積もるための実験を行った.その結果,バクテリアを使ったバイオレメディエーションは重金属の固定に効果的であることを示した.室内実験系においてバイオフロック中の糸状菌は,一週間で細胞壁の表面にPb,Zn,Cdを選択的に濃集した.バイオレメディエーションの能力を持つバクテリアは,鉱山地域における下流のダム堆積物中でも重金属を固定する重要な役割を演じている.<br />Contamination of water and soils is one of grave problems at mining area. Kamioka Mine, one of the largest Zn-Pb mine in Gifu prefecture in Japan, has been the source of heavy metal pollution in Jinzu River. Cd, Pb, Zn, and Fe have been released from an abandoned dump into the Takahara-Jinzu River system, and serious health problem occurred in the down stream areas. Heavy metals, Cd, in particular, is regarded to be the pathogenic substance causing Itai-Itai Disease. The Cd pollution problems have not yet been solved. Some tailing ponds with neutralizing coagulation treatment (slaked lime) are present in the Kamioka Mine. Heavy metal-contaminated wasted water from tailing and dumping areas were discharged into the Takahara River (the upper stream of the Jinzu River). In this study, five dam sediments along the Takahara-Jinzu River were collected, in order to clarify characteristics of sediments with heavy metals. Each sample was analyzed by using an X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD) and an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analyzer (ED-XRF) in order to clarify the mineralogical and chemical compositions of the dam sediments. As a result, the sediment from Asaida dam on the upper course of the Kamioka Mine has little Cd, clay minerals and organic matter, whereas Shininotani dam, Jinzu 1st dam, Jinzu 2nd dam, Jinzu 3rd dam in the down stream of the Kamioka Mine have much sludge, smectite and heavy metals, such as Zn and Cd. Smectite and organic matter have been concentrated with heavy metals in the down stream dam sediments of Jinzu River. In this study, arrange of experimental observation has carried out in order to estimate the ability of heavy metals for the purification of water. The results suggest that bioremediation methods using bacteria is effective as a fixing heavy metals. Filamentous bacteria in biofloc selectively accumulated Pb, Zn, and Cd on the surface of cell wall in laboratory experimental system after one week aging. The bacteria have an ability as a bioremediation, play a key role in the fixation of heavy metals in the down stream dam sediments at mining area.
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田崎, 和江 ; 倉繁, 和也 ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Kurashige, Kazuya
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />北陸地方では泥漬け,つまり野菜を泥でつける食文化が伝承されている.本研究では,泥漬けで用いられる泥"赤ベト"の特性および漬け込むだナスの表皮が染色するメカニズムを明らかにした.数日間,赤ベトに漬
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けたナスの表皮は鮮やかなコバルトブルーになる.一般に,赤褐色の泥の化学的特性は豊富な鉄によると認識されてきた.赤ベトには,粘土鉱物の他に,石英や長石などのケイ酸塩鉱物,鉄ミョウバン,そして水酸化鉄が含まれていた.これらの鉱物の含有量は各地域の泥により変化した.蒸留水,塩酸水溶液および溶液の水質(pH, Eh,EC,そしてDO)の変化を9日間測定したところ,酸性条件下で加水分解により鉄イオンが溶出することが示された.以上の結果から,加水分解によりナスの表皮がコバルトブルーに変色する現象は,ナスの主要な色素であるanthocyanやhyacinに関係していることが示唆される.<br />Abstract"Mud-Pickles" soaking vegetables has been handed down in Hokuriku District from generation to generation. The characteristics of the mud for soaking, and the mechanisms of dyeing eggplants in "Aka-beto" were revealed in this study. The eggplant kept in "Aka-beto" for few days exhibits brilliant cobalt blue. Chemical characteristics of the reddish brown-colored mud were commonly acknowledged as abundant Fe. "Aka-beto" contains silicate minerals such as quartz, feldspars, jarosite, and hydrated iron oxides, in addition to clay minerals. The content of these minerals was varied, depending on the local mud. Values of pH, Eh, EC and DO of the mud which added to distilled water, HCl and NaCl, were measured for 9 days respectively. The results indicated that ion leaching of Fe, occurred in acidic condition, due to hydrolysis. Accordingly, it is suggested that such a hydrolysis change of the color of eggplants into cobalt blue, in association with anthocyan and hyacin, major pigments of eggplant.
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捶井, 達也 ; 小田, 誠 ; 田村, 昌也 ; 早稲田, 龍一 ; 松本, 勲 ; 渡邊, 剛 ; Tarui, Tatsuya ; Oda, Makoto ; Tamura, Masaya ; Waseda, Ryuichi ; Matsumoto, Isao ; Watanabe, Go
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />症例は32歳，女性．乳房痛を自覚し，精査のため胸部造影CTを施行したところ後縦隔に均一な造影効果を伴う径3.1cmの腫瘤を認めた．右上肢からの静脈造影では造影剤が上大静脈から奇静脈弓へ逆行性に流入し，
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腫瘤が濃染した．これにより腫瘤を静脈瘤と診断した．血栓による肺血栓塞栓症や瘤の破裂の可能性を考え外科的切除の方針とした．手術は胸腔鏡下にて施行した．まず血栓の流出を防止するため奇静脈弓の上大静脈合流部を自動縫合器にて切離した．次に瘤に流入する肋間静脈と奇静脈本幹を結紮，切離し，血行を遮断したのち瘤を切除した．術後合併症はなく10日目に退院した．<br />The patient was a 32-year-old female with a chief complaint of mastodynia. A computed tomography (CT) scan incidentally presented a homogeneously enhanced tumor, 3.1 cm in diameter, in the posterior mediastinum. Venography by the right brachial vein showed retrograde flow from the superior vena cava to azygos vein in the early phase. In the delayed phase, pooling of contrast medium in the tumor was observed. Based on the above findings, the tumor was diagnosed as an azygos vein aneurysm. She underwent aneurysm resection under video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) due to the risk of pulmonary thrombosis and rupture of the aneurysm. Initially, the proximal end of the azygos vein was resected due to the risk of pulmonary embolism, and, then, three intercostal veins and the distal end of the azygos vein were resected. Finally, after complete blockage of the azygos vein, the aneurysm was resected. The patient followed an uneventful postoperative course, and was discharged on the 10th postoperative day without complication.
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古山, 和憲 ; 松本, 勲 ; 吉田, 周平 ; 懸川, 誠一 ; 竹村, 博文 ; Koyama, Kazunori ; Matsumoto, Isao ; Yoshida, Shunhei ; Kakegawa, Seichi ; Takemura, Hirofumi
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />症例は49歳，男性．髄膜炎様症状のため当院神経内科へ紹介となった．胸部CTで左肺上葉肺門部に大きさ2.1 cmの不整形結節を認め，気管支鏡検査を行ったが確定診断に至らなかった．肺癌も否定できない画像所
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見のため外科的肺生検目的に当科紹介となった．手術は左肺上葉切除術を施行し，病理学的診断で肺クリプトコッカス症と診断された．術前の髄液検査ではクリプトコッカス抗原，培養検査ともに陰性であったが，術前の保存血液検体からクリプトコッカス抗原が検出されたため，髄膜炎様症状もクリプトコッカス症に伴うものと考え，抗真菌薬による治療を行った．症状は速やかに改善し，術後2年の現在，再発なく経過している．肺クリプトコッカス症は画像所見だけでは鑑別が難しく，診断に難渋する場合が多いが，切除生検が診断に有用であると考えられた．<br />A 49-year-old man was admitted to the Department of Neurological and Internal Medicine of our hospital with mild fever and headache, suggestive of meningitis. Computed tomography (CT) showed an approximately 2.1-cm- diameter nodule in the hilum of the left lung. He underwent bronchoscopy, but no diagnosis was made. Because the CT image led to a suspicion of lung cancer, he was referred to our department for diagnosis by therapeutic resection. Left upper lobectomy was performed. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen resulted in a diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis. His cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was negative for cryptococcal antigen and Cryptococcus neoformans was not grown on mycological culture of the CSF. However, a preserved preoperative blood sample was positive for cryptococcal antigen. Thus, cryptococcal meningitis was diagnosed and he was treated with antifungal therapy, which resulted in marked improvement of his fever and headache. There was no recurrence during the following 2 years. It is difficult to diagnose pulmonary cryptococcosis because the imaging findings vary markedly. We present a patient with pulmonary cryptococcosis diagnosed by resection of the affected lobe of the lung.
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西田, 沙貴 ; 小田, 誠 ; 松本, 勲 ; 田村, 昌也 ; 早稲田, 龍一 ; 渡邊, 剛 ; Nishida, Saki ; Oda, Makoto ; Matsumoto, Isao ; Tamura, Masaya ; Waseda, Ryuichi ; Watanabe, Go
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />症例は59歳，女性．3年前に子宮体癌を疑われ準広汎子宮全摘術，S状結腸切除術を施行された．病理診断および精査の結果，原発性肺腺癌の腹腔内転移と診断された．その後の経過で，計6レジメンの化学療法と計10
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0Gyの放射線治療が施行された．転移巣の制御は良好であったが，原発巣の増大傾向を認めたため，手術目的に当科紹介となった．手術は，肺門部において，肺動脈および上葉気管支と周囲組織との強固な癒着を認めたため，これらを一括して鉗子にてクランプした後に切離し，断端を3-0vicryl糸にて縫合して閉鎖した．断端は有茎傍心膜脂肪織にて被覆した．術後の病理診断で，低分化肺腺癌と診断された．術後さらに補助化学療法を追加し，術後9ヵ月間再発転移は認めていない．高容量化学放射線療法による炎症にて肺門部の処理が困難な症例に対しては，肺門部一括処理および有茎傍心膜脂肪織による気管支・肺動脈切離断端の被覆が有用であると考える．<br />A 59-year-old female was referred to our hospital for stage IV (cT3N2M1b) adenocarcinoma of the right lung. At the age of 56, at another hospital, she had undergone extended hysterectomy and resection of the sigmoid colon for suspected endometrial carcinoma and had received a diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma based on pathological findings, a CT scan, and other examinations. A total of six regimens of chemotherapy and radiotherapy with a total dose of 100 Gy had been performed over 3 years, but it was resistant. Therefore, she was referred to our hospital to consider surgical treatment. We performed a right upper lobectomy because the tumor was localized and no other metastatic lesion was found. We ablated the tumor from the chest wall because it grew to the apical chest wall. In the hilum of the lung, individual ligation and closure of the pulmonary vessels and bronchus was found to be impossible because they tightly adhered to the peripheral tissue. Therefore, the hilar vessels and bronchus were clamped and cut in one mass. Their stumps were oversewn with 3-0 vicryl and covered with a pedicled pericardial flap. The post operative course was favorable, and the patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy at the hospital that had originally referred her to us. She was free of clinically evident recurrence 9 months after treatment. We suggest that the mass closure of the hilar vessels and bronchus and covering the stumps with a pedicled pericardial flap are useful for cases in which it is difficult to individually close the vessels and bronchus due to ligneous scarring caused by radiation.
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| 46.
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中沼, 伸一 ; 萱原, 正都 ; 中川原, 寿俊 ; 伊藤, 博 ; 田島, 秀浩 ; 藤田, 秀人 ; 北川, 裕久 ; 藤村, 隆 ; 太田, 哲生 ; Nakanuma, Shinichi ; Kayahara, Masato ; Nakagawara, Hisatoshi ; Ito, Hiroshi ; Tajima, Hidehiro ; Fujita, Hideto ; Kitagawa, Hirohisa ; Fujimura, Takashi ; Ohta, Tetsuo
概要:
金沢大学附属病院肝胆膵・移植外科<br />症例は30歳の男性で，体重120 kg，BMI 41の高度肥満であった．重症急性膵炎と診断され当院に紹介された．CTでは両側胸水，膵実質の不明瞭化，後腎傍腔に及ぶ滲出液が認められた（Grade I
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V）．また，SIRS，急性循環不全の状態であった．入院後4病日，炎症反応の持続とCTにて膵頭部の血流障害が認められ，感染性膵壊死と判断し，necrosectomyを行った．腸管・組織浮腫のため，閉腹によるabdominal compartment syndromeが危ぐされたため，術後zipper techniqueとして衣類圧縮用袋を腹壁に固定し，腹腔内洗浄を伴うplanned necrosectomyを継続し，残存膵壊死組織の除去を行った．退院1年目の現在，患者は職場復帰している．衣類圧縮用袋を用いたzipper techniqueは高度肥満を有する感染性膵壊死の術後に有用な処置と考えられ若干の文献を加え報告する．<br />A severely obese 30-year-old male (BMI 41) weighing 120 kg and referred based on a diagnosis of severe acute pancreatitis was found in computed tomography (CT) to have bilateral hydrothorax, unclear pancreatic parenchyma, and exudate spreading to the posterior pararenal spacer (Grade IV). He also had SIRS and acute circulatory failure. On hospital day 4, persistent inflammatory reactions and a CT finding of pancreatic-head necrosis were noted. Based on a diagnosis of infectious pancreatic necrosis, he underwent necrosectomy. It was difficult to close the abdominal wall because of intestinal and tissue edema. Postoperatively, we attached a vacuum storage bag to the abdominal wall by a zipper. The planned necrosectomy, accompanied by intraperitoneal lavage, was continued to remove residual pancreatic necrotic tissue. No sign of abdominal compartment syndrome was noted. The patient has been discharged and resumed his previous work. The zipper technique and vacuum storage bag thus proved useful in providing postoperative care to a patient with infectious pancreatic necrosis accompanied by severe obesity.
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| 47.
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中沼, 伸一 ; 森, 和弘 ; 岩田, 啓子 ; 経田, 淳 ; 佐藤, 就厚 ; 安居, 利晃 ; Nakanuma, Shinichi ; Mori, Kazuhiro ; Iwata, Keiko ; Tsuneda, Atsushi ; Sato, Nariatsu ; Yasui, Toshiaki
概要:
金沢大学附属病院肝胆膵・移植外科<br />患者は70 歳，男性．腹部食道癌に対して胸腔鏡下食道亜全摘，胸骨後胃管再建，頸部吻合を施行した．第2 病日に右胸腔ドレーンより腸液色の排液を認め，CT，上部消化管透視にて胃管穿孔と診断し，再手術を
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行った．頸部吻合より肛門側約10 cm に胃管穿孔を認めた．胃管切除は手術侵襲が大きいと判断し，消化管内視鏡の先端を穿孔部へ通し，把持鉗子を腹腔内に進め，大網を把持して胃管内まで吊上げ，クリップにて胃壁に固定した．再手術後，ドレーン排液量は漸減し，穿孔部は再生組織に覆われた．食道癌術後胃管穿孔に対して胃管切除が選択できない場合，穿孔部の大網被覆と穿孔部周囲のドレナージは有効な場合もあると考えられたため，若干の考察を加えて報告する．<br />A 70 -year-old man underwent retrosternal gastric tube reconstruction following subtotal esophagectomyfor advanced abdominal esophageal cancer. On the second post-operative day, drained fluid changed to intestinaljuice. Computed tomography and gastrointestinal fluoroscopy showed perforation of the gastric tube. Wethen performed emergency surgery, and laparotomy was redone. During surgery, gastrointestinal endoscopydemonstrated gastric tube perforation at 10 cm from the anastomosis of stomach to cervical esophagus. Itwas too invasive to perform the resection of gastric tube, so we pulled the greater omentum into the stomachthrough the perforation site and fastened with clips（ omental patch method）. The drainage then graduallydecreased, and the perforation healed with regenerating epithelium. The omental patch method and drainageproved useful to treat gastric tube perforation following esophagectomy, and should be considered if resectionof the gastric tube is difficult.
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| 48.
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津田, 武明 ; Tsuda, Takeaki
概要:
金沢大学先端科学・社会共創推進機構<br />The characteristics of four roll coating system were numerically investigated compared with exper
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imental data to validate theoretical models used in this research. In the theoretical models, a film splitting model using a power-law type equation, a roll gap model based on elasto-hydrodynamics and a flow model from a rotating cylinder system were applied. The parametric computations to each operation condition revealed the steady and dynamic behaviors of a coating film and liquid films on coating rolls. From the results of the frequency response to the speed disturbances of the coating rolls, it was found that the sensitivity of the lowest coating roll to the disturbance was a half of others, which implies that the requirement for the accuracy of a driving system for the coating roll is not so severe compared with others. The experimental data and the numerical results at steady state agreed in large part. The actual properties of materials used in the coating process will be required to predict the coating thickness precisely. © 2011 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers.
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| 49.
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衣川, 洋史 ; 津田, 武明 ; 中野, 公一 ; 京藤, 敏達 ; Kinugawa, Hiroshi ; Tsuda, Takeaki ; Nakano, Koichi ; Kyoto, Harumichi
概要:
金沢大学先端科学・社会共創推進機構<br />The Hybrid 1D/2D flow model for non-Newtonian fluids in a single cavity die with a slit is presen
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ted. The equations of mass and momentum in a cavity are treated one-dimensionally by assuming an appropriate mean flow over the cross section of the flow. The governing equations inside the slot are treated two-dimensionally by the lubrication theory and assuming an appropriate mean flow. The equations of flow for the cavity and the slot are derived and then coupled. We use a finite element method to solve these governing equations. It is concluded that slot's geometry, fluid properties and machining accuracy affect the uniformity of the flow from the slot. © 2012 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers.
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| 50.
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津田, 武明 ; 長谷川, 富市 ; 鳴海, 敬倫 ; Tsuda, Takeaki ; Hasegawa, Tomiichi ; Narumi, Takatune
概要:
金沢大学先端科学・社会共創推進機構<br />One-dimensional flow model for non-Newtonian fluids in a single cavity die with a slot is present
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ed. The equations of mass and momentum in a cavity are treated one-demensionally by assuming an appropriate mean flow over the cross section of the flow. The flow field inside the slot is assumed to be fully developed. The equations of flow for the cavity and the slot are derived and then coupled. We use a finite difference method to solve these governing equations. It is concluded that cavity's geometry and fluid properties affect the uniformity of the flow from the slot, and the presented model agrees with the experimental result.
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| 51.
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津田, 武明 ; 須藤, 通孝 ; 水野, 春奈 ; 伊藤, 真樹 ; Tsuda, Takeaki ; Suto, Michitaka ; Mizuno, Haruna ; Itoh, Maki
概要:
金沢大学先端科学・社会共創推進機構<br />Original experimental and computational models for PSAs for flexible displays have been studied t
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o clarify the property target for the PSA development. Possible defects in the devices, crack formation, delamination, and residual strain were addressed by a new theory, "Multiple-Neutral-Plane Phenomena", with an originally developed software using Vector Finite Element Method. Peel adhesion values were found to be correlated with tan δ from DMA multiplied by tensile modulus from stress-strain curves, which offered a prediction equation for peel strength. The study has enabled a PSA material producer to develop PSAs for the application. © 2019 Society of Rheology.
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| 52.
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穴澤, 朝彦 ; 津田, 武明 ; 吉羽, 洋 ; 鳴海, 敬倫 ; 藤澤, 延行 ; 山縣, 貴幸 ; 長谷川, 富市 ; Anazawa, Tomohiko ; Tsuda, Takeaki ; Yoshiba, Hiroshi ; Narumi, Takatune ; Fujisawa, Nobuyuki ; Yamagata, Takayuki ; Hasegawa, Tomiichi
概要:
金沢大学先端科学・社会共創推進機構<br />In this work, entrance flows of viscoelastic fluids from a cavity to a slot in a slot die coating
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were investigated experimentally and numerically. Aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) mixtures, having viscoelasticity and Newtonian viscosity, were tested in order to clarify the effects of viscoelastic characteristics to the excess pressure drops at the entrance. The measured excess pressure drop changes corresponded to the flow pattern changes from a Newtonian-like flow pattern to vortex generation and growth patterns in an asymmetric entrance flow with a submillimeter slot. Numerical predictions of the transitions in the flow patterns and the pressure drops were also made utilizing exponential Phan-Thien-Tanner (EPTT) model with a finite element method. The predictions qualitatively indicated the increase in excess pressure drop and the vortex generation and growth. © 2012 The Society of Rheology, Japan.
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| 53.
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津田, 武明 ; 長島, 正幸 ; 穴澤, 朝彦 ; 長谷川, 富市 ; Tsuda, Takeaki ; Nagashima, Masayuki ; Anazawa, Tomohiko ; Hasegawa, Tomiichi
概要:
金沢大学先端科学・社会共創推進機構<br />In this study, the fast numerical computation method by using simplified momentum equations, whic
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h exactly clarified the flow state inside a slot die, was developed, in order to obtain higher coating quality. The computation results elucidated the dependence of the uniformity of coating thickness on non-Newtonian characteristics. In addition, it was found that the computational procedure enables us to seek the optimum internal figures of a slot die immediately. The method was extended to a variety of rheological models, such as Power-Law, Ellis and Hershel-Bulkley model. As a result, the computation technique industrially contributed to the development of precise coating productions, such as optical elements, semiconductor and LCD display components. © 2011 The Society of Rheology, Japan.
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| 54.
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穴澤, 朝彦 ; 津田, 武明 ; 吉羽, 洋 ; 鳴海, 敬倫 ; 長谷川, 富市 ; Anazawa, Tomohiko ; Tsuda, Takeaki ; Yoshiba, Hiroshi ; Narumi, Takatsune ; Hasegawa, Tomiichi
概要:
金沢大学先端科学・社会共創推進機構<br />Flows of a viscoelastic fluid in slot die coating were experimentally and theoretically investiga
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ted. A viscoelastic fluid having a constant viscosity and a relaxation time (Boger fluid) as well as Newtonian fluid were used as test liquids in a wide range of Weissenberg numbers (0 < Wi < 42). We observed experimentally that the Boger fluid reduced the widthwise non-uniformity of the flow inside a slot die as flow rates were increased. However, this advantage disappeared in the higher flow rate region. This was not observed in the case of Newtonian fluids. In order to depict this behavior, a one-dimensional flow model was presented, where cavity flow and slot flow were combined by means of a planar entrance flow. The pressure drop induced by the planar entrance flow was assumed to characterize the flow from a cavity to a slot. Moreover, an excess pressure drop due to the viscoelasticity was empirically estimated, where the high deformation rates attained in the entrance flow from the cavity to the slot caused the increase of the excess pressure drop. The prediction by this model qualitatively agreed with the experimental results and showed utility of the proposed simple model. © 2009 The Society of Rheology, Japan.
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| 55.
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津田, 武明 ; 長谷川, 富市 ; 鳴海, 敬倫 ; Tsuda, Takeaki ; Hasegawa, Tomiichi ; Narumi, Takatune
概要:
金沢大学先端科学・社会共創推進機構<br />One-dimensional flow model for non-Newtonian fluids in a dual cavity slot die is presented. The v
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iscosity of non-Newtonian fluids is treated as the Ellis model. The conservation equations of mass and momentum in a dual-cavity slot die are one-dimensionally simplified by assuming an appropriate mean flow over the cross section of the flow. The flow field in the slot is assumed to be fully developed. The equations of flow for the cavity and the slot are derived separately and then coupled. We use a finite difference method to solve these governing equations. Using this model, we find that the location and the cross-section area of a secondary cavity have large effects on the distribution of outlet flow. It is concluded that the dual cavity die can effectively reduce the flow non-uniformity.
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| 56.
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津田, 武明 ; 長谷川, 富市 ; 鳴海, 敬倫 ; Tsuda, Takeaki ; Hasegawa, Tomiichi ; Narumi, Takatune
概要:
金沢大学先端科学・社会共創推進機構<br />One-dimensional flow model for non-Newtonian fluids in the inside of a slot die is presented. The
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viscosity of non-Newtonian liquids is given by the Ellis model. The conservation equations of mass and momentum in the slot die are treated one-dimensionally by assuming an appropriate mean flow over the cross section of the flow. The flow field in the slot is assumed to be fully developed. The equations of flows for the cavity and the slot are derived separately and then coupled. We use a finite difference method to solve these governing equations. It is concluded that a flow model using the Ellis model for liquid viscosity is useful to predict the distribution of flow rate from the die.
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| 57.
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中野, 公一 ; 山本, 和秀 ; 津田, 武明 ; 京藤, 敏達 ; Nakano, Koichi ; Yamamoto, Kazuhide ; Tsuda, Takeaki ; Kyotoh, Harumichi
概要:
金沢大学先端科学・社会共創推進機構<br />Prediction of particle concentration distribution from a slot die is presented. The uniformity of
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particle concentration distribution is predicted by the particle trajectory in a slot die. In order to depict the movement of particles in the slot die, we coupled the one-dimensional flow equations in a slot die and Stokesian sedimentation equation. It is concluded that Reynolds number and particle diameters affect the uniformity of the particle concentration from the slit, and the predictions using the presented model agree with the experimental results.
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| 58.
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中野, 公一 ; 津田, 武明 ; 京藤, 敏達 ; Nakano, Koichi ; Tsuda, Takeaki ; Kyotoh, Harumichi
概要:
金沢大学先端科学・社会共創推進機構<br />In this study, the uniformity of particle concentration in a cavity die containing the unstable d
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ispersed particles is predicted by using one-dimensional flow model for non-Newtonian fluid in a cavity and the Stokesian sedimentation model. In order to depict the movement of particles, the equation combining the one-dimensional flow equation in a cavity with the particle concentration equation predicting the sedimentation is derived. We investigated the resolution to avoid the sedimentation from the operational and material point of views. As a result, we found the appropriate conditions to prevent from the problems.
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| 59.
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神保, 洋貴 ; 京藤, 敏達 ; 中野, 公一 ; 津田, 武明 ; 株式会社IHI ; 筑波大学大学院システム情報系 ; Jinbo, Hiroki ; Kyotoh, Harumichi ; Nakano, Koichi ; Tsuda, Takeaki ; Graduate, School of Systems and Information University of Tsukuba ; Dai Nippon Printing Co. Ltd.
概要:
金沢大学先端科学・社会共創推進機構
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| 60.
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相澤, 栄次 ; 津田, 武明 ; 阪野, 伸大 ; 今駒, 博信 ; 大村, 直人 ; Aizawa, Eiji ; Tsuda, Takeaki ; Sakano, Nobuhiro ; Imakoma, Hironobu ; Ohmura, Naoto
概要:
金沢大学先端科学・社会共創推進機構<br />Particle dispersion in a stirred vessel with dual paddle impellers was numerically investigated b
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y a commercial CFD code. The working fluid was assumed a weak shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid or Newtonian fluid having low viscosity (ca. 4.0 Pa · s). Particles were initially set in the lower half region in the vessel. Numerical simulations were conducted by varying rheological property, location of the impellers and discharge flow rate of impellers. Numerical results showed that the viscosity was lower near the impeller in the non-Newtonian fluid than in the Newtonian fluid due to strong shear near the forefront of impeller. Consequently, the velocity of discharge flow from impeller was larger in the non-Newtonian. Larger velocity of the discharge flow took more particles to the tank wall as compared with Newtonian fluid. The present work adopted the mean value and the standard deviation of particle concentration as particle dispersion indexes. It has been found that the standard deviation depends on particle dispersion process.
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| 61.
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篠田, 隆行 ; Shinoda, Takayuki
概要:
金沢大学先端科学・社会共創推進機構
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| 62.
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篠田, 隆行 ; Shinoda, Takayuki
概要:
金沢大学先端科学・社会共創推進機構
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| 63.
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表, 真美 ; 小倉, 育代 ; 大本, 久美子 ; 岸本, 幸臣 ; 長石, 啓子 ; 花輪, 由樹 ; 宮崎, 陽子 ; 吉井, 美奈子 ; Omote, Mami ; Ogura, Ikuyo ; Ohmoto, Kumiko ; Kishimoto, Yukiomi ; Nagaishi, Keiko ; Hanawa, Yuki ; Miyazaki, Yoko ; Yoshii, Minako
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域学校教育系
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| 64.
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花輪, 由樹 ; 小倉, 育代 ; 大本, 久美子 ; 表, 真美 ; 岸本, 幸臣 ; 長石, 啓子 ; 宮崎, 陽子 ; 吉井, 美奈子 ; Hanawa, Yuki ; Ogura, Ikuyo ; Ohmoto, Kumiko ; Omote , Mami ; Kishimoto, Yukiomi ; Nagaishi, Keiko ; Miyazaki, Yoko ; Yoshii, Minako
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域学校教育系
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| 65.
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表, 真美 ; 土井, ギーゼラ ; 花輪, 由樹 ; 小倉, 育代 ; Omote , Mami ; Doi, Gisela ; Hanawa, Yuki ; Ogura, Ikuyo
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域学校教育系<br />The purpose of this study is to clarify the Home Economics education situation in primary and seco
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ndary schools in Hessen, Germany. The study is based on research of the standard curriculum and textbooks in use, as well as interviews with teachers, pupils and graduates while visiting a school in Hessen, Germany in September 2014. The results were as follows: 1. In the curriculum of the Hessen primary and lower secondary school that we visited, Home Economics and sewing education have not been positioned as compulsory subjects. 2. One of the content items in “art” at primary school is “sewing education”. Textbooks are not used in art classes. The art classes vary, depending on schools and teachers. 3. Food education is included in “body”, which is one of the learning content items of the comprehensive subject “Sachunterricht”. The “Sachunterricht” textbooks contain the contents of food education. Nutritional, food, and cooking education are practiced in the primary school we visited.
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| 66.
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花輪, 由樹 ; Hanawa, Yuki
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域学校教育系<br />This paper attempts to elucidate the coexistence of “the remaining ‘Heimat’ for children” and “‘He
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imat’ defined by their ancestors and others” in the field of dwelling education by focusing on ideas on the term in E. Spranger's works. Spranger says that ‘Heimat’is characterized and linked to the soil where people live and experience on a daily basis. In short, it became clear that through the teacher's advice “third-person-defined ‘Heimat’” can exist next to the definition of ‘Heimat’children themselves have in their minds.
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| 67.
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花輪, 由樹 ; 西垣, 安比古 ; Hanawa, Yuki ; Nishigaki, Yasuhiko
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域学校教育系<br />This paper attempts to elucidate about a transition on volume changes of “home province” and “regi
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on” in course of study and a meaning of remaining “home province” in the showa 40s that was times changed from “home province” to “region”. First, in elementary school and junior high school, it was only in “social studies” that changed from “home province” to “region”. Secondly, for education about sense of dwelling, “home province” in the showa 40s was not sufficient.
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| 68.
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花輪, 由樹 ; 大本, 久美子 ; Hanawa, Yuki ; Ohmoto, Kumiko
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域学校教育系<br />本稿は,大学生の食行動に関する質問紙調査と高等学校の家庭科教科書の分析により,消費者市民育成のあり方を探ったものである。質問紙調査では,大学生は食を選ぶ際に,安くて量のあるものを重視し,産地や添加
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物などの安全面はあまり気にしていないことが明らかになった。そして教科書分析によれば,食領域では「自分のための食」「地球のための食」についての記載は多いものの,「地域の食」についての内容が稀薄であった。今後家庭科で消費者市民意識を育むためには,「自分・家族・地域・国・地球」という幅広い視点から,生活行為の選択ができるような教科書の充実が望まれることを考察した。<br />This paper aims to clarify how to encourage consumer citizenship of dietary field in home economics education by means of by two surveys. The first survey is a questionnaire about university students' dietary behavior. It was carried out in a teacher's college. It became clear that university students focus on cheapness and quantity of food. On the other hand they do not pay much attention to security aspects such as the food additives and production source when they select their meal. The second survey analyzes home economics textbooks of home economics in high school. The analysis demonstrates that there are more articles about `food for themselves' and `food for earth' rather than `food for region' in the text books on the dietary field. Therefore it seems necessary to change contents of the text books from a wider perspective view such as `food for themselves, family, region, Japan and earth' in order to foster consumer citizenship in home economics.<br />出版者の許可を得て登録_20210726
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原, 佑介 ; Hara, Yusuke
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金沢大学人間社会研究域歴史言語文化学系<br />The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) prompted people to think seriously about how Japan should pu
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rsue arole as an important actor on the stage of world politics. Kinoshita Naoe, a pacifist and “socialistic Christian,”vigorously criticized the nationalism that had been gaining power with the rise of Japan’s presence in EastAsia. Many nationalists at that time advocated that Japan can and should play some positive role ininternational affairs in its own manner.In January 1905, Ebina Danjo, a “nationalistic Christian,” published an article in praise of the rapid progressof Japan’s national strength. He admired Japan as the “Empire of the Son of God” to come. He declared that,led by “Japanese Spirit,” the nation was destined to bring the ultimate solution to the critical situation of EastAsia and in turn to that of the whole world. A controversy over “Japanese Spirit” was triggered by KotokuShusui, a socialist, who ridiculed it. Adding to the debate, Kinoshita criticized the acclaim for such spirit asencouraging imperialism. He pointed out that, when adherents of spirit talk of state, they overlook the person,which at any time must be the first unit of concern, even in the heat of enthusiasm for the nation.<br />出版者の許可を得て登録_20210716
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原, 佑介 ; Hara, Yusuke
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域歴史言語文化学系<br />In the postwar era, Kobayashi Masaru (1927-1971), who had been a second-generation colonist to
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Korea andstill identified himself as a colonist, wrote many novels set in colonial Korea based on his own experiencesthere. In the novels, a distinct pattern can be seen in the narrative structures as well as the depictions ofcolonized Korean people and their relations to the Japanese. More specifi cally, in many of the novels, Kobayashiillustrates how events that undermine colonial rule, such as the Korean independence movement and Japan’sdefeat in the Pacifi c War, serve as a spark that exposes the true, hostile face of Koreans who previously appearedto be submissive to the Japanese rulers. By tracing this process, Kobayashi brings to light the fear and guiltthat had been deposited in the Japanese colonists’ psyches. In doing so, he attempted to recapture the authenticotherness of Koreans, who had been represented within a polarized colonial discourse as either submissive,assimilated colonial subjects or rebellious malcontents (futei senjin).<br />朝鮮植民者二世作家小林勝〔1927-1971〕は戦後、自身の植民地体験を土台として植民地朝鮮を舞台とした小説を多数書き残した。彼の文学における植民地期の朝鮮人たち、彼らと日本人主人公との関係、そしてそれを叙述する物語の構造には、繰り返される特定の型が見られる。その多くでは、朝鮮人による独立運動や日本の敗戦など、植民地支配を揺るがす事件が契機となり、それまで日本人に対して従順であるかのように見えた朝鮮人が突如として敵対的な真の容貌をさらけ出す過程が描かれる。小林は、この過程を叙述することで、日本人植民者の内面に沈殿するやましさと恐怖をえぐり出した。それとともに、従順な帰化臣民的イメージ、そうでなければ「不逞鮮人」的なイメージという両極的な植民地主義言説いずれかのうちに封じこめられている朝鮮人を、日本人とは異質な存在として再度とらえ直そうとした。<br />出版者の許可を得て登録_20210716
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原, 佑介 ; Hara, Yusuke
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金沢大学人間社会研究域歴史言語文化学系<br />許可を得て登録_20210716
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原, 佑介 ; Hara, Yusuke
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金沢大学人間社会研究域歴史言語文化学系<br />出版者の許可を得て登録_20210716
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藤居, 久美子 ; 須釜, 淳子 ; 中谷, 壽男 ; 真田, 弘美 ; 大桑, 麻由美 ; Fujii, Kumiko ; Sugama, Junko ; Nakatani, Toshio ; Sanada, Hiromi ; Okuwa, Mayumi
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />本研究の目的は, 1方向のずれが褥瘡治癒過程にどのような影響を及ぼすのかを明らかにすることである. 方法は, ラット褥瘡モデルを用いて, 圧迫と1方向(尾側方向)のずれを1kgの重りを用いて負荷した
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群(実験群)と圧迫のみを負荷した群(対照群)との治癒過程を肉眼的・組織学的に比較した. 肉眼的所見では実験群には局所の壊死がみられ, 対照群より治癒が遅延した. 組織学的所見では実験群で7, 14日目ともに尾側の筋層の変性が顕著であった. また, 頭側の真皮にうっ血, 出血がみられた. 対照群では, 7日目, 14日目ともに表皮の欠損はなかったが, 中央部の損傷は頭側, 尾側より強かった. 以上より, 1方向のずれと圧迫を負荷した褥瘡では尾側の皮下組織から筋層にかけての変性とそのために引き起こされる頭側の真皮のうっ血によって, 圧迫のみを負荷した褥瘡と比較して, 壊死が形成され, 治癒が遅延することが示唆された.<br />This study aimed to clarify the effects of shear stress towards the caudal side in pressure-induced ischemic wound healing in a rat model. We compared wound healing that produced pressure combined with shear using a 1kg weight (experimental group) with wound healing that produced pressure only (control group). Macroscopic findings showed that the experimental group developed local necrosis and healing was delayed by 1 week compared with the control group. Histological findings showed that necrosis had developed to the muscle layer on the tail side and that hemostasis and bleeding occurred to the dermal layer on the head side in the experimental group over 7 and 14 days. In the control group, the wound was covered by epidermis and muscular degeneration, and necrosis in the middle was more severe than on the head and tail side. These results suggested that wounds produced by pressure and shear formed necrosis and so suffered delayed healing compared with the control group. The reason for these results might be the development of necrosis to the muscle layer on the tail side and hemostasis to the dermal layer on the head side.<br />日本褥瘡学会の許可を得て登録_2021.9.22
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北山, 幸枝 ; 中谷, 壽男 ; 真田, 弘美 ; 田中, 愛 ; 青木, 和恵 ; 佐藤, 文 ; 玉井, 奈緒 ; Kitayama, Yukie ; Nakatani, Toshio ; Sanada, Hiromi ; Tanaka, Ai ; Aoki, Kazue ; Sato, Aya ; Tamai, Nao
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />［背景］褥瘡治癒には局所環境の整えが重要であり, 創洗浄だけでなく創周囲皮膚の清潔ケアも提唱されている. 目的：創周囲皮膚に対しどのような清潔ケアが治癒過程を促進するか, マウスを用いて検討した.
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［方法］マウスに全層創傷を作製し創周囲を弱酸性の液体石鹸(以下「皮膚洗浄剤」)で洗浄, 生理食塩水(以下「生食」)洗浄, ポビドンヨード消毒, ケアなしの4群に分けてケア後, 毎日創周囲に黄色ブドウ球菌を塗付し, 創傷被覆材で覆った. 肉眼的所見, 治癒期間, 細菌叢, 創周囲角質水分量を測定し, 組織所見の変化と合わせて4群を比較した. ［結果］表皮化の速度, 肉眼的変化, 治癒時の創周囲角質水分量, 平均治癒期間, 組織学的皮膚構造変化の点で, 皮膚洗浄剤群が最も治癒促進していた. ついでポビドンヨード群, 生食群, ケアなし群の順であった. ［結語］皮膚洗浄剤による創周囲皮膚の清潔が, 創傷治癒を促進させる最も有効な局所ケア方法であることが示唆された.<br />For wound healing, managing the wound and its environs is crucial. It is unclear, however, whether cleansing the skin surrounding wounds promotes wound healing. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine wound healing under four different care regimens of full- thickness skin wounds on mice：1. cleansing the skin surrounding wounds with detergent, 2. saline, 3. povidone-iodine, or 4. no care. Four full-thickness skin wounds were made on backs of mice. The above-described care regimens were performed, then Staphylococcus aureus was applied to the skin surrounding the wounds, and the wounds and the surrounding skin were covered with hydrocolloid dressings. These interventions were performed every day. The period of wound healing was 8 + 0.8 days in the detergent group, 8.8 + 1.5 days in the saline group, 9 + 0.8 days in the povidone-iodine group, and 10.3 + 0.96 days in the no care group. There was a significant difference between the detergent and the no care groups. In histological findings, reepithelization of the detergent group was achieved 7 days after wounding, and fibrous granulation tissue of the no care group on day 14 was the slowest to develop. These findings indicate that to cleanse the skin surrounding wounds with detergent is the most effective care in promoting wound healing, and detergent care can be effective for the care of pressure ulcers contaminated with bacteria.<br />日本褥瘡学会の許可を得て登録_2021.9.22
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黄, 芳 ; 中谷, 壽男 ; 真田, 弘美 ; 紺家, 千津子 ; 鈴木, 定 ; 佐藤, 文 ; 間脇, 彩奈 ; Huang, Fang ; Nakatani, Toshio ; Sanada, Hiromi ; Konya, Chizuko ; Suzuki, Sadamu ; Sato, Aya ; Mawaki, Ayana
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />ポケットを有する褥瘡が治癒しがたいことを被蓋部の組織像から検討した. 外科治療の目的で切除されたポケットを有する褥瘡のポケット被蓋部13組織を, 肉眼的, 組織学的方法で研究した. 肉眼的所見：皮膚
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はポケット開口部で白く浸軟し, 表皮が開口部より内表面の一部を覆い停止していた. 断面では, 線維化した白い結合組織がみられた. 組織学的所見：表皮は基部から開口部に向かって厚さを増し, 表皮索または突起と真皮乳頭は互いに咬み合い, 伸展が停止した表皮は棍棒状または舌状形態を呈していた. 表皮下では, 正常な膠原線維束はみられず, 線維性瘢痕を呈し, 炎症細胞が少数みられた. 内表面は炎症細胞を含むさまざまな厚さのフィブリン様膜に覆われていた. 3組織の開口部にのみ炎症性肉芽組織が観察された. これらの結果は, ポケット被蓋部内表面を覆うフィブリン様膜と瘢痕組織が表皮の再生と肉芽組織の増殖を阻害し, 被蓋部と創底部の接着を妨げている可能性を示唆している.<br />This study macroscopically and microscopically examined the wound roof from thirteen pressure ulcers that were surgically excised. Based on these findings, we discussed the cause of intractability of pressure ulcers with undermining. The skin covering the wound roof was white and macerated at the wound orifice area. The epidermis covered part of the inner surface of the wound roof. White fibrosis was observed under the epidermis at the cutting plane of the roof. The epidermis became increasingly thicker from the base area of the roof to the wound orifice area, and interdigitated with the dermis. The edge of the extending epidermis showed a club-like or tongue-like shape. Under the epidermis, there was no normal collagen bundle, but there was collagenous scar tissue. Moreover, a few inflammatory cells and blood vessels were present in the scar. The inner surface of the wound roof was lined with various thicknesses of fibrinoid tissue including inflammatory cells. Inflammatory granulation tissue was observed in the wound orifice area in only 3 of 13 tissue specimens, indicaing that fibrinoid tissue over the inner surface of the roof and scar of the roof could impede the development of granulation tissue and extension of the epidermis.<br />日本褥瘡学会の許可を得て登録_2021.9.22
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田中, 愛 ; 中谷, 壽男 ; 真田, 弘美 ; 紺家, 千津子 ; 山崎, 真代 ; 田端, 恵子 ; 川上, 重彦 ; Tanaka, Ai ; Nakatani, Toshio ; Sanada, Hiromi ; Konya, Chizuko ; Yamazaki, Masayo ; Tabata, Keiko ; Kawakami, Shigehiko
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />金沢大学医学部保健学科褥瘡ケアチームが介入した坐骨結節部褥瘡患者3名において, 大小不同に突出する不良肉芽を認めた. これまでに, それら突出する不良肉芽に関する報告はなく, 今回はその形態学的特徴
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を明らかにし, 患者背景と併せて病態と原因を検討することを目的とした. 組織学的検索には, HE染色およびAzan染色を使用した. その結果, 組織学的には, フィブリン様浸出物や炎症性細胞主体の厚い膜様物と拡張した毛細血管, そして大量の炎症性細胞浸潤を3名に共通して認めた. また, 対象患者3名ともに, 日中の大半を車椅子上の座位にて生活していたことから, それら組織学的変化の要因は長時間の圧迫, 移動時の摩擦とずれが示唆された. 今後は, 坐骨結節部褥瘡患者に対して, さらに徹底した座位時の圧管理や姿勢保持を行う必要があると考える. 「はじめに」褥瘡は一定の場所に一定以上の圧力が加わり続けることにより, 局所皮膚の血流が途絶え, 阻血性の壊死が生じて発症する皮膚潰瘍である.<br />In three patients with ischial pressure ulcers who were managed by the pressure ulcer care team of Kanazawa University, we observed unhealthy granulation tissues projecting from the bed of the ulcers. To our knowledge, there are no previous reports describing such granulation tissues. Thus, we investigated to clarify the cause of the development of such pathological granulation tissue based on histological findings and the lifestyles of the patients. For histological examination, we used H-E staining and Azan staining, which demonstrated a thick fibrinoid membrane, numerous inflammatory cells, and dilated capillary vessels in the granulation tissue. These three histological findings were common to all patients. Moreover, these patients sat in wheelchairs for very long periods daily. Therefore, the long-term pressure, shear, and friction from the wheelchair were suggested as factors contributing to such histological changes. These results indicate that we should more strictly manage the pressure and posture while sitting in patients with ischial pressure ulcer.<br />日本褥瘡学会の許可を得て登録_2021.9.22
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熊谷, あゆ美 ; 須釜, 淳子 ; 大桑, 麻由美 ; 奥田, 鉄人 ; 垣内, 紀子 ; 神野, 亜紀子 ; 中谷, 壽男 ; Kumagai, Ayumi ; Sugama, Junko ; Okuwa, Mayumi ; Okuda, Tetsuhito ; Kakiuchi, Noriko ; Kanno, Akiko ; Nakatani, Toshio
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />手術室では腹臥位手術の褥瘡発生率が高い. その原因として, 患者は四点支持器の上に腹臥位固定されるため, 四点支持器と身体との接触面積が小さく骨突出部にかかる圧力が高いのではないか, また時間経過と
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ともに身体がずれて底づきすることにより, 骨突出部にかかる圧力が高くなるのではないかと考えた. この2つの仮説を検証する目的で, 腹臥位手術を受ける患者を対象に腹臥位固定中の四点支持器と右腸骨部皮膚との接触面の圧力を連続測定し, 褥瘡の有無別に比較した. その結果18名中14名に反応性充血, 4名にStage Iの褥瘡が発生した. Stage I発生者の最大体圧値は反応性充血発生者とくらべて有意に高値であった(P=.035). また, 両者で腹臥位固定開始時と終了時の平均体圧値, 最大体圧値には差がなかった. 腹臥位手術における褥瘡予防を図るための指標として腹臥位固定開始時の最大体圧値を用いることにより, 除圧ケアの介入が可能であることが示唆された.<br />The incidence of pressure ulcers is high in prone position surgery. We hypothesized that the cause for this high incidence is as follows: (1) High pressure is placed on the bony areas of the body when the patient's body is fixed on the Hall frame and the contact area between the body and the operating table is small. (2) The pressure increases for bottoming out to shear force with time on the bony areas of the body. In order to verify the above hypotheses, we examined adult patients who underwent prone position surgery. Specifically, we measured the real-time pressure placed on the contact area between the patients' right ilium and the Hall frame and examined the presence of pressure ulcers. The results of the experiment showed that 14 out of 18 patients developed blanching erythema and 4 developed Stage I pressure ulcers. The development of Stage I pressure ulcers was found to be related to maximum interface pressure. Our study suggests that using the maximum interface pressure at the beginning of the prone position setting as an index for pressure reduction care may be effective in pressure ulcer prevention in prone position surgery.<br />日本褥瘡学会の許可を得て登録_2021.9.21
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越村, 洵子 ; 紺家, 千津子 ; 真田, 弘美 ; 中谷, 壽男 ; 須釜, 淳子 ; 矢島, 博昭 ; 田端, 恵子 ; Koshimura, Junko ; Konya, Chizuko ; Sanada, Hiromi ; Nakatani, Toshio ; Sugama, Junko ; Yajima, Hiroaki ; Tabata, Keiko
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />本研究の目的は, 褥瘡のポケット形成過程の原因, 要因を明確にすることである. 13部位の褥瘡を発見からプロスペクティブに毎日観察したあと, ポケット形成あり群となし群に分類し, 創の形態と身体状況
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ならびに看護ケアを比較した. その結果, ポケットの形態は, 全周と部分, 筋層と皮下組織に達するものに分類された. ポケット形成前の創の特徴は「顕著な骨突出部と壊死組織との位置の違い」「硬く乾燥し, 限局した黒色壊死組織」「黒色壊死組織周囲に持続する発赤」であった. これらを引き起こす原因は「骨突出部による強い圧迫」「骨突出部上に起こる皮膚のずれ」「感染」であった. ポケットの形態別に原因をみると, 全周, 部分ポケットの違いにはずれの方向が関係し, 筋層, 皮下組織に達するポケットの違いには感染が関係していた. 以上の結果から, ポケット形成モデルを構築した.<br />The purpose of this study was to clearly identify the causes and influencing factors responsible for creating undermining pressure ulcers. We observed 13 pressure ulcers on a daily basis that developed on subjects who participated in this prospective study. The subjects were separated into two groups ：(1)those who developed undermining, and (2)those who did not develop undermining pressure ulcers. We then evaluated the formation changes, the subjects' physical changes and the nursing care provided. Undermining pressure ulcers were further subdivided according to their depth (reaching the fascia or the subcutaneous tissues) and their type (whether the wounds were partial margin or full margin). Distinctive characteristics of the pressure ulcers before undermining occurred were a difference in the position of necrotic tissue and bony prominence, the presence of hard, dry and black escher, and persistent erythema. The causes of undermining can be attributed to high pressure caused by bony prominence, shear occurring over the bony prominent skin, and infection. The type of undermining was determined to be related to the direction of shear, and infection was related to the wound depth. We constructed a model of formation of the undermining based on these results.<br />日本褥瘡学会の許可を得て登録_2021.09.22
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紺家, 千津子 ; 真田, 弘美 ; 須釜, 淳子 ; 大桑, 真由美 ; 中谷, 壽男 ; 永川, 宅和 ; Konya, Chizuko ; Sanada, Hiromi ; Sugama, Junko ; Okuwa, Mayumi ; Nakatani, Toshio ; Nagakata, Takukazu
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />本研究の目的は, ポケット形成のある褥瘡を形態的に分類し, 治癒過程を明らかにすることである. さらに, その治癒過程の分類と看護ケア要因および身体要因との関係を導き出すことにある. 65歳以上の高
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齢者69名が保有するStage III・IVの褥瘡を調査した. 褥瘡は79部位あり, そのうち45部位(57.0%)にポケット形成を認めた. 褥瘡の治癒過程を帰納的方法により分類すると, 深達度ごとにポケットと表皮化方法によって10に分類できた. 特徴的な形態の変化には, 表皮化ではなく収縮のみによる創閉鎖があった. 収縮は通常の表皮化する創より, 治癒期間が延長していた. さらに, ポケット内に壊死組織はないが創の収縮により逆にポケットが拡大するものがあった. 看護ケア要因と身体要因と関係があったのは, ポケット形成と収縮のみによる創閉鎖であった. ポケット形成は, 骨突出, 尿失禁, 拘縮, 臀部のたるみが関係していた. 収縮のみによる創閉鎖は, 骨突出, 尿失禁, ずれ, 拘縮が関係していた.<br />The purpose of this study was to categorize pressure ulcers with various forms of undermining and to examine the healing process of each category. Another attempt to determine whether nursing care and/or physical factors influence the formation of pressure ulcers was also considered. This study was performed with the consent of 69 elderly (65 years old or older) patients with stage III or IV pressure ulcers, who had a total of 79 pressure ulcers. Of the 79 pressure ulcers, 45 (57%) were undermining. Based on the pressure ulcer healing process for stage III or IV pressure ulcers with undermining and epithelialization, 10 healing patterns were inductively categorized. A significant observation was the fact that in undermining with no necrotic tissue, the undermining spread inversely to wound contraction, a phenomenon we categorized as "Us" (Undermining-spread-partial wound margin). Epithelialized wounds closed only by contraction were categorized as Ec (Epithelialization-contraction). Our results showed the wound healing period to be longer for general epithelialization than for "Ec" type wounds. Nursing care and/or physical factors that influenced the form and healing pattern of "Undermining" were externally bony prominence, urinary incontinence, contracture, and flabby skin in the buttock area. Similarly, the influencing factors of "Ec" were an externally bony prominence, urinary incontinence, shear, and contracture.<br />日本褥瘡学会の許可を得て登録_2021.09.22
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| 80.
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山本, 政儀 ; Yamamoto, Masayoshi
概要:
金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター<br />[講演資料]
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| 81.
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福山, 泰治郎 ; 山本, 政儀 ; 井上, 睦夫 ; 恩田, 裕一 ; 水垣, 滋 ; 成沢, 知広 ; Taijiro Fukuyama, ; Yamamoto, Masayoshi ; Inoue, Mutsuo ; Onda, Yuichi ; Mizugaki, Shigeru ; Narisawa, Tomohiro
概要:
金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター<br />The Japanese Forest Society Congress 120, Session ID : Pc2-09
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| 82.
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大塚, 良仁 ; 山本, 政儀 ; 小藤, 久毅 ; 横田, 喜一郎 ; 小村, 和久 ; Ohtsuka, Yoshihito ; Yamamoto, Masayoshi ; Kofuji, Hisaki ; Yokota, Ki-ichirou ; Komura, Kazuhisa
概要:
金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター<br />The behavior of 210Pb and 210Po in Lake Biwa, a large mesotorophic lake situated in the Kinki dis
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trict of Japan, was investigated by analyzing lake water at various depths and precipitation at approximately monthly intervals for a period of 1.5 years, and sediments, streams flowing into and out of the lake. Flux balance calculation indicated that atmospheric deposition was the major source (97% of total) of 210Pb to the lake, and for 210Po growth in-situ from the decay of 210Pb contributed about 75% of the total 210Po supply to the lake. Most (about 90%) of all the 210Pb inputs to this lake was found to be incorporated into sediment. Residence times via sedimentation in the epilimnion and hypoliminion were estimated to be 27 (6-40) and 22 (5-45) days, respectively, for 210Pb and 95 (47-146) and 32 (7-109) days for 210Po. These residence times suggest that there is a difference between 210Pb and 210Po in the extent of their cycling in the water column, with a more rapid removal of 210Pb than 210Po. Overall, 210Pb and 210Po were, furthermore, found to be removed more efficiently during the transit periods of high biological productivity, such as plankton blooms.
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| 83.
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小村, 和久 ; 稲垣, 美幸 ; 西川, 方敏 ; 中西, 孝 ; 早川, 和一 ; 唐, 寧 ; 楊, 小陽 ; 飯田, 孝夫 ; 森泉, 純 ; Komura, Kazuhisa ; Inagaki, Miyuki ; Nishikawa, Katatoshi ; Hayakawa, Kazuichi ; Tang, Ning ; Yang, Xiaoyang ; Iida, Takao ; Moriizumi, Jyun
概要:
金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター<br />Variations of radiation levels before and after the Noto Hanto Earthquake in 2007 have been analy
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zed from the point of view of environmental radioactivity. The 210Pb activities in the airborne particles are collected from Nishi-Futamata in Wajima, are analyzed. The Radon activity at Hegura Island located 50km North of Wajima, and the spatial gamma rays at Nishi-Futamata are measured since April 21, 2007. Abnormal increase of 210Pb activity started 3 weeks before the earthquake are found, suggesting the maximum value just before the earthquake, because it decrease to normal level after 2 weeks. Increase of radon level was not observed at Hegura Island, however, increase of radiation level at Nishi-Futamata area continued for 6 weeks after the earthquake, and settled to normal level in middle of May 2007.<br />環境放射能の観点から能登半島地震発生前後の放射能関連のデータの解析を試みた.解析したのは,輪島市西二又地区で採取した大気浮遊塵中の210Pb,輪島沖50kmに位置する舳倉島のラドン濃度,地震発生後の4月21日から西二又地区で連続測定を実施した空間γ線レベルの3項目である.その結果,地震発生約3週間前から大気浮遊塵試料のラドンの娘核種210Pbの濃度が増加し,地震直前にピークに達した後に低下に転じ,約2週間後にほぼ平常値に回復していたことが分かった.舳倉島のラドンには地震の影響は見られなかったが,西二又における空間γ線レベルはラドンに由来すると考えれる高い値が約6週間後も続き5月中頃に平常値に戻ったことが明らかになった.
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| 84.
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早川, 和一 ; Hayakawa, Kazuichi
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系
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| 85.
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早川, 和一 ; Hayakawa, Kazuichi
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系
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| 86.
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佐川, 岳人 ; 西, 香菜子 ; 納富, 美穂 ; 平岡, 龍之 ; 塚本, 和巳 ; 早川, 和一 ; Sagawa, Takehito ; Nishi, Kanako ; Notomi, Miho ; Hiraoka, Tatsuyuki ; Tsukamoto, Kazumi ; Hayakawa, Kazuichi
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系<br />生スィートバジルを乾燥する際に引き起こされる香りの変化を，香気成分バランスやスィートバジルの組織構造とそのレオロジー特性について，比較解析を行う事で，生スィートバジルの香りを維持する為に必要とさ
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れる因子の探索を行った．スィートバジルの香気寄与成分として特定したシネオール，リナロール，オイゲノール，オクタナール，1-オクタノール，(E)-2-ヘキセナール，(Z)-3-ヘキセノールの7種類の香気成分は官能評価の特徴を説明する因子となると考えられる．その中でも，生スィートバジルの香りを特徴づける因子としては，微量成分バランスが大きな役割を果たし，ハーブ自体には (E)-2ヘキセナールや (Z)-3-ヘキセノールが存在するが，それがハーブティーに溶出されずオクタナールが高い比率で溶出されることが重要であった．そのような性質を持つ組織構造は，葉内部の細胞壁の形状が乾燥工程を経ても維持されており，その状態は貯蔵弾性率の測定でも比較説明が可能であることが明らかになった．これらの結果により，ハーブの組織構造とハーブティーとして溶出される香気成分バランスに密接な関係がある可能性が示唆された．但し，今回確認された (E)-2-ヘキセナールや (Z)-3-ヘキセノールはみどりの香りと称される物質の1つである．これらの物質は植物中のリノレン酸や配糖体を前駆体として酵素が関与し発現するものであり12)，食品加工時に発生することも知られている14）～16) ．今後は配糖体量の変化と酵素の関係についても検討を行い，組織構造変化の香りに対する影響をより明確にしてゆく必要があると考える．しかしながら，細胞壁の損傷が少ない状態であった真空乾燥スィートバジルが生特有の香りを保持していたという事実から，乾燥工程を経ることで喫食時に感じる香りの違いは，単純な香気成分の増減という因子だけではなく，組織構造変化という因子からも説明できる可能性が示唆された．乾燥ハーブの香りに対する品質評価を行う上で，乾燥ハーブからハーブティーに抽出されてゆく香気成分のバランス変化や内部組織構造変化の比較といった多面的なアプローチは，今後の有効な評価手法の1つとなることが期待できる．<br />A quality evaluation method for dried herbs was studied with sweet basil leaves (fresh, air-dried, freeze-dried and vacuum-dried sweet basil leaves) as herbal teas, involving hot-water extraction. Sensory evaluation revealed that the flavor of herbal tea with vacuum-dried sweet basil leaves was similar to that with fresh leaves. Seven odor-active compounds (cineole, linalool, eugenol, octanal, 1-octanol, (E)-2-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexenol) from herbal teas were identified by capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry and olfactometry analysis, and it was considered that three compounds (octanal, (E)-2-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexenol) were key compounds for describing the results of sensory evaluation. The structure of dried sweet basil leaves with water-absorption and fresh leaves was observed by differential interference contact microscopy, and their rheological characteristics were measured for storage modulus. As a result, the characteristics of vacuum-dried sweet basil were similar to those of fresh basil. These results suggest that investigation of the aroma using hot-water extraction, tissue structure and rheological characteristics could be effective approaches to qualitatively evaluate dried herbs.
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| 87.
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神山, 和夫 ; 小池, 益人 ; 平尾, 宜司 ; 鳥羽, 陽 ; 早川, 和一 ; Koyama, Kazuo ; Koike, Masuhito ; Hirao, Takashi ; Toriba, Akira ; Hayakawa, Kazuichi
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系<br />製造工程中に起きるデンプンの部分糊化が，レトルトカレーの最終粘度に及ぼす影響を調べた．レトルトカレーの粘度は，煮込みとそれに続くレトルト殺菌工程で，原料中のデンプンが糊化することで上昇する．しか
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し，煮込み工程前の原料混合工程の温度が高過ぎると，最終粘度が十分に上昇しないことが経験的にわかっている．そこで，原料混合工程の温度とデンプンの糊化状態をアミロース溶出度，膨潤度，動的粘弾性および示差走査熱量分析から調べ，最終粘度との関係を考察した．その結果，原料混合工程の温度が65℃以上であると，デンプンの部分糊化が起こるため，その後の煮込み工程と殺菌工程での粘度上昇は抑制されることがわかった．<br />The effect of partial gelatinization of starch during precooking operation on the final viscosity of retort curry at serving temperature was investigated. While the increase in the viscosity of retort curry is largely due to the starch gelatinization during the heating processes of cooking and sterilization, it is known empirically that a high temperature during the material mixing operation before cooking may result in a lower final viscosity. The relationship between the temperature and the partial starch gelatinization during material mixing was therefore studied by measuring amylose leaching, swelling ratio, dynamic viscoelasticity, and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). When the mixing temperature was at or higher than 65℃, the starch was partially gelatinized under the low water condition, and as the result, the increase in the viscosity during cooking and sterilization was suppressed. This finding is expected to be useful in controlling the viscosity of starch-containing retort foods.
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| 88.
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中澤, 章 ; 唐, 寧 ; 井上, 嘉則 ; 上茶谷, 若 ; 加藤, 敏文 ; 齊藤, 満 ; 小原, 健嗣 ; 鳥羽, 陽 ; 早川, 和一 ; Nakazawa, Akira ; Ning, Tang ; Inoue, Yoshinori ; Kamachitani, Waka ; Katoh, Toshifumi ; Saito, Mitsuru ; Obara, Kenji ; Toriba, Akira ; Hayakawa, Kazuichi
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系<br />著者らが開発した繊維状吸着材（DAM不織布）は，両性イオン型高分子であるジアリルアミン‐マレイン酸共重合体（diallylamine-maleic acid copolymer: DAM）を含有
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し，繊維表面に水和層を形成する．本研究では，悪臭物質の一つである半揮発性有機酸（C1－C5）を対象に水溶液だけでなくガス状でもDAM不織布の吸着特性評価を行った．まず，水溶液中のギ酸はDAM不織布の水和層へ溶解した後，DAMのイミノ基との静電相互作用で吸着することがわかった．一方ガス状では，ギ酸，プロピオン酸，酪酸，吉草酸，イソ吉草酸について高い吸着能を有し，吸着量は曝露時間に依存して増加する傾向があった．ガス状有機酸に対する吸着も水溶液と同様の機序で生じていると考えられるが，さらに酢酸を除く有機酸の吸着速度定数と空気 / 水分配係数（log Kaw）が良好な相関性を有したことから，DAM不織布は大気中から不織布表面に形成される水和層へ移行性が高い親水性化合物に対するほど高い選択性をもつことが示された．<br />Diallylamine-maleic acid copolymer (DAM)-nonwoven fabric (DAM-f), a fibrous adsorbent, contains DAM with zwitter-ionic functional groups and forms a hydration layer on the surface. The aim of this report was to evaluate the adsorption selectivity of DAM-f to semi-volatile organic acid (C1-C5). In the aqueous phase, formic acid dissolved in the hydration layer bound to the imino group of DAM-f due to anion exchange interaction. In the gas phase, the adsorption amounts of organic acids increased with the exposure time. Moreover, the adsorption rate constants correlated with the air/water partition coefficients (log Kaw) for formic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid, except for acetic acid. These results indicate that DAM-f is highly selective to hydrophilic compounds which easily move from the air to the hydration layer of DAM-f.
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| 89.
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森下, 知晃 ; 町, 澄秋 ; ファン, ミゲル グオターナ ; 田村, 明弘 ; Morishita, Tomoaki ; Guotana, Juan Miguel ; Tamura, Akihiro
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系<br />Boulders of biotite-phenocryst-rich, high-K basaltic rock were discovered in the upper stream of
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the Kuzuryu River in Katsuyama City, Fukui Prefecture. The biotite phenocrysts are zoned, with pale brown cores and dark brown margins. Relics of mafic minerals, replaced by carbonate minerals, contain chromian spinel. Although the primary chemical composition is affected by the formation of secondary minerals such as carbonate, the SiO2 and K2O contents of the studied rock are 48-49 wt% and 3.6 wt%, respectively, which are within the chemical range of absarokite. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element and primitive-mantle-normalized trace element patterns of the studied volcanic rocks are characterized by high LREEs/HREEs, high concentrations of LILEs, and negative anomalies of HFSEs (Nb, Ti). These petrological and geochemical characteristics represent a primary composition that has never before been reported in the Hokuriku district.
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| 90.
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荒井, 章司 ; 石丸, 聡子 ; Arai, Shoji ; Ishimaru, Satoko
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系<br />本論文では島弧マグマ中および島弧に噴出した他のマグマ中の捕獲岩，さらに前弧域の海底に露出するかんらん岩を島弧リソスフェアマントルを代表するものとして，その岩石学的性質（モード組成, 鉱物化学組成
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, 平衡条件, 酸化還元状態）を総括した．特に火山前線～前弧域の枯渇したハルツバーガイトの存在は上部マントル・ウェッジを特徴づける．それらは高度部分溶融の融け残りである．また，それらの多くは交代作用（シリカの付加および加水作用）を被っている．トレモラ閃石の存在は，低温および/または枯渇した（Alに乏しい）化学組成を示唆し，特徴的である．特に太平洋西部の火山前線～前弧域のものは比較的高い酸素フガシティーを示し，島弧マントルを強く特徴づけている．ただし，いくつかの島弧かんらん岩は低い酸素フガシティーを示すことが注目される．特に，マントル・ウェッジ深部には強い還元的な流体が存在している。<br />The mantle wedge is an important locus for material recycling, magma generation, and fluid transportation from the slab, and should therefore be thoroughly examined to better understand these processes. Peridotite xenoliths transported to the surface by arc magmas, or by other magmas, may be representative of the upper part (lithosphere) of the mantle wedge. Fore-arc peridotites exposed on the seafloor also represent the uppermost part of the mantle wedge. We summarize their modal composition, mineral chemistry, equilibrium temperature, and redox state, and discuss the implications for mantle-wedge processes. The arc peridotites are thought to derive mainly from the spinel to plagioclase-peridotite stability fields. They are varied in character, depending on their history as well as the tectonic setting (e.g., fore-arc, volcanic front, and back-arc) of their source regions. Some arc peridotites, especially those from the fore-arc to the volcanic front, are harzburgites and contain high-Mg olivine and high-Cr spinel, with high degrees of partial melting. They also show metasomatism, silica enrichment (i.e., formation of secondary orthopyroxene at the expense of olivine), and hydration (i.e., precipitation of Ca-amphiboles and/or phlogopites). The presence of tremolite, which is indicative of low temperatures and/or depleted (Al-poor) chemistry, is characteristic of sub-arc mantle peridotites. The equilibrium temperature is relatively low (＜1100℃) with the exception of the Noyamadake peridotites, SW Japan arc, which are characterized by high temperatures (～1200℃). Some peridotites from the Western Pacific show high oxygen fugacities relative to abyssal peridotite (although a few peridotites show relatively low oxygen fugacities or contain secondary veins composed of highly reduced minerals such as metals and alloys). This indicates the importance of local reducing agents in the mantle wedge.
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| 91.
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荒井, 章司 ; Arai, Shoji
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系<br />筆者の研究を中心として，マントル岩由来の砕屑物（特に砕屑性クロムスピネル）の解析法およびその意義を総括した．マントル岩由来の砕屑物は機械的・化学的性質が特異であり，独特の意義を有する．クロムスピ
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ネルは岩石学的に重要ないくつかの元素を主要成分として含み，かんらん岩の成因を解釈する上で重要な鉱物である．その組成は，関与したマグマの組成の違いおよびサブソリダスでの冷却・変成により変化する．侵食・運搬・堆積・続成過程では化学組成の変化はなく，後背地の解析のよいツールとなる．砕屑性クロムスピネルはオマーン・オフィオライトマントル部のようなかんらん岩体の性質を概観するのに有効である．また，蛇紋岩メランジュのマトリックスのように強く破砕されたかんらん岩体の性質を理解するのに威力を発揮する．かんらん岩体を，相伴う砕屑性粒子と合わせて解析できればさらに有効である．環伊豆地塊蛇紋岩帯はよい適用例を示す．<br />Detrital materials supplied from mantle-derived rocks have peculiar mechanical and chemical characteristics that make them excellent sedimentological and tectonic markers. Chromian spinels are well known and favored petrogenetic indicators because they contain several important cations, including Mg2+, Fe2+, Cr3+, Al3+, and Fe3+, as their main components. The Mg/(Mg + Fe2+) ratio (= Mg#), Cr/(Cr + Al) ratio (= Cr#), and Ti concentration are important parameters that are commonly analyzed to petrologically characterize chromian spinels. The main hosts in the chromian spinels of mantle peridotites (harzburgite and lherzolite) and their serpentinized equivalents are Mg# and Cr#, which are controlled by the equilibrium temperature (degree of subsolidus cooling) and degree of melt extraction, respectively. The chromian spinels in detritus materials are chemically stable during sedimentation processes, and can thus serve as powerful indicators of the tectonic and geologic history of the hinterland. The derivation of detrital chromian spinels, peridotites (serpentinites), chromitites, or volcanics can be partially identified by analyzing their Mg#, Cr#, and Ti concentrations in combination with their textures. The petrologic character of highly sheared serpentinite, such as the matrix of a serpentinite mélange complex, sometimes yields an inconclusive geodynamic history, but this can potentially be inferred from detrital chromian spinels in nearby sediments. Detrital chromian spinels from modern sediments are also useful for obtaining a general view of large peridotite bodies, such as the mantle section of the Oman ophiolite. When we compare the detrital spinels with those from in situ rocks, we should note that the host rocks containing the detritus material have already been eroded. If we analyze the serpentinite sandstones together with their closely associated peridotite bodies, we can possibly obtain information on the petrologic heterogeneity of the upper mantle. Our petrographic investigation of the Circum-Izu Massif Serpentinite Belt, central Japan, provides a good example of such a combined analysis of these peridotite-serpentinite sandstone pairs.
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| 92.
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森下, 知晃 ; Morishita, Tomoaki
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系<br />本論では，2003年-2013年の10年間のIntegrated Ocean Drilling Program（IODP）で行われた掘削のうち，中央海嶺で形成された海洋プレートの深部起源である斑
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れい岩やかんらん岩が採取された航海について，記載岩石学的，地球化学的内容を中心にまとめた．主要な貢献は（1）海洋コアコンプレックスの成因に関する1400mを超える斑れい岩が採取された大西洋アトランティス・マッシーフにおける掘削孔U1309（304/305航海），（2）高速拡大系ココスプレートで世界初の海洋斑れい岩採取された掘削孔1256D（206, 309, 312, 335航海），（3）高速拡大系の東太平洋海膨ヘス・ディープからの層状斑れい岩が採取された掘削孔U1415（345航海）である．また掘削調査船「ちきゅう」を用いた将来的なマントル掘削を含む海洋深部岩石掘削計画について紹介した．<br />Petrological and geochemical results from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP, 2003-2013) analyses of deep-seated mid-ocean ridge rocks (gabbros and peridotites) are summarized. Three important contributions to our understanding of the nature and origin of oceanic core complexes were obtained from: (1) a >1400 m gabbroic section from the Atlantis Massif of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (site U1309, drilled by Expeditions 304/305), (2) sampling of intact oceanic gabbro after drilling through basaltic and sheeted dike complex layers from the fast-spreading Cocos Plate (leg 206 of site 1256D, drilled by Expeditions 309, 312 and, 335), and (3) sampling of layered gabbro from the Hess Deep of the East Pacific Rise (site U1415, drilled by Expedition 345). Future deep-seated hard-rock drilling projects by the research drilling vessel CHIKYU, including mantle drilling projects, are introduced.
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| 93.
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町, 澄秋 ; 石渡, 明 ; Machi, Sumiaki ; Ishiwatari, Akira
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系<br />飛騨外縁帯の小滝地域に分布する超苦鉄質岩は2タイプに大別され，それらは（Type 1） 初生的なかんらん岩，（Type 2）変成かんらん岩である．これらの一部は接触変成作用を被っている．同地域の
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超苦鉄質岩中の初生的な残存鉱物は，大江山オフィオライトのものに類似し，大江山岩体以外では初のAlに富むぜん虫状スピネル（Cr#＝33～38）を含むものもある．変成かんらん岩は，Naに富むトレモラ閃石を含むことで特徴づけられるが，このことはこのタイプの超苦鉄質岩が沈み込むスラブ由来の流体による加水作用に関連した元素の移動によって交代作用を被った可能性を示唆する．接触変成作用を被ったと考えられる超苦鉄質岩は，一般に本地域の東部に向かってより高温で安定な鉱物組み合わせを示し，岩体東部を不整合に覆う石坂流紋岩直下の深成岩体による接触変成作用を示唆する．<br />Ultramafic bodies in the Kotaki area of the Hida Marginal Belt are composed of Paleozoic ophiolites and Paleozoic-Mesozoic sediments. The ultramafic rocks can be classified into two major types. Type 1 consists of primary ultramafic rocks that preserve primary textures and primary minerals of mantle peridotite. Type 2 consists of regionally metamorphosed peridotite that has a schistose or mylonitic texture. Both types were locally affected by later contact metamorphism.The primary mantle peridotite (Type 1) is subdivided into a high-Al group [spinel Cr#, Cr/ (Cr+Al), of 0.33-0.38] and a high-Cr group [Cr# of 0.48-0.55]. The high-Cr group is pervasive among ultramafic bodies of the Oeyama ophiolite. The high-Al group is identical to lherzolitic peridotite that has been found only in the Oeyama ultramafic body.Regionally metamorphosed peridotite (Type 2) can be subdivided into two subtypes based on mineral assemblage and texture. Type 2A contains olivine (ol) +tremolite (tr) ±antigorite (atg) ±orthopyroxene (opx). Type 2B contains ol+atg+clinopyroxene (cpx). Types 2A and 2B are similar to the peridotite mylonite and serpentinite mylonite, respectively, reported from the Happo ultramafic body to the south. Type 2A metaperidotite contains Na-rich tremolite (up to 2.53 wt.% Na2O) produced by metasomatism, possibly related to the slab-derived fluid that penetrated through the wedge mantle above an early Paleozoic subduction zone. Type 2B metaperidotite may represent the wedge mantle metamorphosed at a lower temperature, and Type 1 peridotite may represent the mantle portion that was unaffected by metamorphism and metasomatism.Serpentinite hornfelses that formed by later contact metamorphism vary in their mineral assemblages, defined by atg, ol+cpx, ol+tr, ol+tr+talc, and ol+tr+opx zones that are arranged from west to east. The zones indicate that metamorphic temperatures generally increased toward the east. This finding suggests that the hornfelsic metamorphism of previously serpentinized peridotites of Type 1 and Type 2 was caused by a concealed plutonic intrusion beneath the Ishizaka rhyolite, which is exposed to the east.
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| 94.
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石渡, 明 ; 小泉, 一人 ; 市山, 祐司 ; 柳田, 祐樹 ; 町, 澄秋 ; Ishiwatari, Akira ; Koizumi, Kazuto ; Ichiyama, Yuji ; Yanagida, Yuki ; Machi, Sumiaki
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系
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海野, 進 ; Umino, Susumu
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系<br />100周年以降の25年間は日本の地質学者が広く海外に活躍の場を拡げるとともに，新たな分析機器の導入や解析手法の開発により，オフィオライトを構成するマントルカンラン岩の精密な上昇プロセスやマントル
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中のマグマの移動・反応プロセス，マントルの流動・変形機構，マントル岩中の微小包有物の同定・分析などが勢力的に進められた．また，フィールド地質学の分野でも，詳細な地質調査に基づいて海洋地殻の形成プロセスや始生代の海洋地殻層序の復元などが行われた．本小論ではこれらの日本人によって行われた海外のオフィオライト研究のうち，世界で最も規模が大きく保存状態がよいとされるオマーン，島弧下マントルが露出するミルディータ，リサイクルしたスラブ由来の超高圧鉱物を含むルオブサ，世界で最も新しいチモールとタイタオ，世界最古の付加体からなるイスアとピルバラの各オフィオライトについて紹介した．<br />The last quarter-century has been a period of worldwide study of ophiolites by Japanese geologists, as described in this paper. The Oman Mountains expose the world largest and best preserved ophiolite that provides insights into crustal and mantle processes below a fast-spreading system and transformation of oceanic lithosphere to subarc crust and mantle. The Mirdita Ophiolite exposes mantle peridotites covered by mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) and arc tholeiitic to boninitic lavas, recording the transition from a spreading to a subduction environment. The Luobusa Ophiolite is well-known for its ultrahigh-pressure minerals such as coesite and micro-diamond inclusions in chromite, considered to represent recycling of subducted slab deep into the mantle at >380 km depth. The 5-3 Ma ophiolites in the Timor and Tanimbar Islands are the world's youngest, and are considered to have formed the forearc crust and mantle that collided with and obducted onto the northern edge of the Australian continent. Volcanic rocks have geochemical characteristics that are intermediate between arc tholeiite and MORB, although the mantle peridotites are not cognate with the overlying volcanic rocks. Another young ophiolite (6-5 Ma) of Taitao, southern Chile, was part of the eastern limb of the Chile Ridge, which was subducted and accreted in an accretionary complex along the western coast of Chile. In spite of their mid-ocean-ridge origin, the lavas and sheeted dikes of ophiolite have geochemical characteristics typical of arc magmas. Isua and Pilbara contain the world's oldest accretionary complexes consisting of superposed slices of oceanic crust that form a duplex structure, indicating the beginning of plate tectonics in the early Archean.
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| 96.
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森下, 知晃 ; 曽田, 祐介 ; 荒井, 章司 ; 脇元, 理恵 ; 水田, 敏夫 ; 石山, 大三 ; 佐藤, 比奈子 ; Morishita, Tomoaki ; Soda, Yusuke ; Wakimoto, Rie ; Mizuta, Toshio ; Ishiyama, Daizo ; Sato, Hinako
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系<br />Black-colored rocks (Black-colored Rocks hereafter) occur as veins and a volcanic dike in the Tet
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ori Group, southern Ishikawa Prefecture. The Black-colored Rocks are composed of angular lithic clasts in a fine-grained (<10-50 µm) matrix. The lithic clasts in veins are derived from the Tetori Group (mudstone, sandstone, and conglomerate), whereas those in the volcanic dike are derived from both the volcanic dike and the Tetori Group. The matrix of the Black-colored Rocks consists mainly of very fine-grained quartz (usually 10 µm in size) with minor amounts of feldspar, maghemite, and unidentified carbon-bearing fine-grains. The Black-colored Rocks contain abundant SiO2 relative to the host rocks. The chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) pattern of the Black-colored Rocks is similar to that of their host rocks, although the REE abundance is lower in the former.
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| 97.
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山田, 茂昭 ; 松田, 博貴 ; 大村, 明雄 ; Yamada, Shigeaki ; Matsuda, Hideaki ; Omura, Akio
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系<br />This study provides new uranium-series dates of the Ryukyu Group in Ishigaki-jima Island, South R
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yukyu Arc (SRA). Two fossil hermatypic coral samples taken from coral limestone in the northern and southern parts of the island were dated as 118.5±2.0 ka and 119.9±2.0 ka, respectively, which correlates to oxygen isotope stage 5.5. This fact suggests that a reef complex was formed during isotope stage 5.5 in Ishigaki-jima Island, just like in Hateruma-jima and Yonaguni-jima Islands, SRA. The dated coral in the northern part was collected at an elevation of 1.3 m. It is, therefore, inferred that the northern part of the island was tectonically stable since isotope stage 5.5. On the other hand, the dated corals in the southern part was collected at an elevation of 15 m, which indicated that the southern part of Ishigaki-jima has been uplifted at rate of about 0.10 m/ky since isotope stage 5.5. Our data clearly show that the western part of SRA has been situated in the tectonic setting of uprift for the last 125 ky.<br />Uranium-series dates of fossil hermatypic corals in Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa Prefecture, and their significance
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| 98.
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山本, 真也 ; 長谷川, 卓 ; Yamamoto, Shinya ; Hasegawa, Takashi
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系<br />北海道穂別北部地域のMiddle-Upper Turonian亜階で，国際的に年代指標性のある浮遊性有孔虫が連続的に産出し，重要な浮遊性有孔虫帯境界であるHelvetoglobotruncana
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helvetica帯上限の層序学的位置を推定することができた．更に，国際的に同種と共産するとされている浮遊性有孔虫３種との共産が確認され，鍛冶屋の沢ルートの上部がほぼH. helvetica帯最上部であることが明らかになった．同ルートの炭素同位体比の変動は，汎世界的なMiddle-Upper Turonian亜階の変動と調和的であり，浮遊性有孔虫層序から推定された年代を支持する.また，Middle Turonian亜階でArchaeoglobigerina属がH. helveticaと共産することから，同属の初出現の時期は従来の知見より古いことが示された．<br />Continuous occurrence of international planktonic foraminiferal index species was recognized in the Middle to Upper Turonian successions in the Hobetsu area, Hokkaido, Japan. It enables us to assume the stratigraphic position of the upper limit of the Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica Zone, an important planktonic foraminiferal zonal boundary. Helvetoglobotruncana praehelvetica, Marginotruncana pseudolinneiana, and Praeglobotruncana gibba, which are also internationally recognizable species, occur associated with Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica. This association indicates that stratigraphic top of the Kajiyanosawa route should be assigned to close to the top of the total range of Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica. Correlation of the carbon isotope fluctuation through the Kajiyanosawa route with that of well-studied sections supports our chronostratigraphic interpretation from planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphyConcurrence of genus Archaeoglobigerina with Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica in the Middle Turonian of this area demonstrates that the timing of the first appearance of Archaeoglobigerina is older than previous known.
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山科, 友紀 ; 福士, 圭介 ; Yamashina, Yuki ; Fukushi, Keisuke
概要:
金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター<br />The desorption behaviors of Cs from Cs bearing smectite by major cations (Na^+, K^+, Mg^<2+>, Ca^
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<2+> and NH_4^+) were systematically examined. The suspension of the Cs bearing smectite was prepared by reaction of 1g/L smectite with 75 nM Cs^+ solution in 0.02 M NaCl solutions. The desorption behaviors of Cs were examined by adding the major cations of which concentrations ranged from 10^<-3> to 10^<-1>N to the smectite suspensions. All cations except for K^+ lead to the desorption of Cs from smectite when the concentrations of the added cations increased. On the other hand, K^+ plays a role for inhibition of Cs desorption from smectite. The order of the ability for the desorption of Cs from smectite by the major cations was summarized as follow: Ca^<2+> ≒ Mg^<2+> > NH_4^+ > Na^+ > K^+. The selectivity coefficients based on Gaines-Thomas convention were estimated from the observed desorption behaviors.
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深澤, のぞみ ; Fukasawa, Nozomi
概要:
本研究は，「ビブリオバトル」の活動が，人が21世紀を生きていくのに必要な学びの1つであるパブリックスピーキングの技能を伸ばすのに貢献しているかどうかを明らかにしようと分析したものである。ビブリオバトルというのは，参加者が書評スピーチを競う活
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動で，パブリックスピーキングのージャンルであるとみなされている。最近では大学での教育に，21世紀を生き抜くのに必要な21世紀型スキルの育成が強調され，大学における外国人留学生対象の日本語教育もこの例外ではなくなっている。分析の結果，ビブリオバトルの活動はこれらのスキルに多く関係することが明らかになり，パブリックスピーキングの教育は，21世紀に必要な学びの1つであることが示唆された。<br />This paper analyses the activities of "Biblio Battle" to clarify whether they contribute to improving public speaking skills, which are a necessary requirement for people living in the 21st century. Biblio Battle is a social activity in which participants compete by presenting book reviews, and it is considered a genre of public speaking. In recent years, universities too have begun to emphasize on the development of skills necessary for learners to live and work in today's world, and Japanese language education for international students in universities is no exception. The results of the research confirmed that activities such as Biblio Battle enhance the skills associated with 21 "-century skills. The results also indicated that international students acquire essential learning skills when they are taught public spealcing.
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