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Demura, Shinichi
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Demura, Shinichi ; Yoshimura, Yoshinobu ; Tada, Nobuhiko ; Yabe, Toshimasa
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Demura, Shinichi
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Demura, Shinichi
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Demura, Shinichi
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Demura, Shinichi ; Sato, S. ; Noguchi, T. ; Nakata, Y.
概要:
金沢大学教育学部保健体育<br />This study estimated the area of visceral fat at the L4-L5 level (VFAL4-5) measured by computed tomogr
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aphy (CT) from anthropometric and segmental percent fat variables. Subjects were 73 adults (50 men and 23 women) aged 24-78 years. Cross-validation was permormed with another 38 adults (25 men and 13 women) aged 21-80 years. The anthropometric variables examined were height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, sagittal diameter, and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) at 14 sites. SFT and segmental percent fat were measured by ultrasonography and dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), respectively. A combination of suitable predictors of VFAL4-5 was derived by stepwise multiple regression analysis using these variables. A prediction equation was obtained that used seven predictors: sagittal diameter, waist circumference, three subcutaneous thickness variables (subscapula, chest 1 and abdomen), and segmental percent fat at the trunk and left leg (R=0.902, R2 =0.813, SEE=17.5 cm2). In a Bland-Altman procedure, systematic error was not found in the original group but was only found in women in the cross-validation group. The percentage of the SEE of the prediction equation for the mean VFAL4-5 value was 22.5% in the original group and 20.1% in the cross-validation group. Furthermore, the percentages of SD values of the error for the mean VFAL4-5 value were 21.1% in the original group and 22.2% in the cross-validation group. These values were comparable or superior to those in previous studies. This study provides a useful prediction equation for VFAL4-5 from anthropometry and segmental body composition variables. © Springer-Verlag Italia 2007.
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Demura, Shinichi ; Sato, Susumu
概要:
金沢大学教育学部保健体育<br />OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a prediction equation for the visceral fat area at the umbilica
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l level (VFA(L4-5)) in Japanese adults, using internal fat mass (IFM) estimated from a few anthropometric variables. METHODS: Subjects were 112 adults aged from 25 to 82 years (body mass index (BMI)=24.2+/-3.1 kg/m(2), ranged from 15.7 to 31.2 kg/m(2)). Another 60 adults aged from 21 to 71 years were recruited for the crossvalidation group (BMI=24.5+/-4.0 kg/m(2), ranged from 17.1 to 34.6 kg/m(2)). We examined (1) the prediction of IFM based on a small number of skinfold thicknesses; (2) the prediction of VFA(L4-5) using IFM and (3) the application of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurement. VFA(L4-5) was measured by computed tomography (reference value). Total fat mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and single-frequency BIA with 8-point tactile electrodes. RESULTS: Three skinfolds at the abdomen, side chest and suprailiac were selected to estimate IFM. From IFM estimated using these three skinfolds, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), sex and age, about 75% of the variance of VFA(L4-5) could be explained (Eq(VFA)1: R=863, R(2)=0.745, standard error of estimate (s.e.e.)=20.483 cm(2)). When substituting IFM based on BIA measurement (IFM(BIA)) into Eq(VFA)1, there were no significant mean differences from the reference in both equations, and high correlations were found (r=0.860, s.e.e.=20.902 cm(2)), although a significant mean difference in total fat mass was found between DXA and BIA measurements. The prediction equation using IFM(BIA) (Eq(VFA)2) could have prediction accuracy comparable with that of Eq(VFA)1 (Eq(VFA)2: R=879, R(2)=0.773, s.e.e.=20.324 cm(2)). Furthermore, when applying these equations to the crossvalidation group, there were cross-validity in both equations. CONCLUSION: This study proposed a prediction equation for VFA(L4-5) from WHR and IFM based on three skinfolds, and the validity of BIA measurement in Japanese adults. We can propose the procedure for a field setting.
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Yokoya, Tomohisa ; Demura, Shinichi ; Sato, Susumu
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金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系<br />The purpose of this study was to clarify the fall risk characteristics of the elderly participatin
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g in an exercise class. The subjects were comprised of 206 elderly Japanese aged 60 or older (37 males, 169 females) who participated in an exercise class, approved by the local government, once a week for 6 months. Physical fitness and ADL capability were evaluated by the physical fitness test of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Fall risk was evaluated using the Fall Assessment Chart. Subjects were divided into two groups, high fall risk (total fall risk score ≥5) and low fall risk (total fall risk score <5), and the percentage of subjects in the high risk group was calculated. The percentage of subjects with a high fall risk was 15.8%, lower than the documented rate of the community-dwelling elderly in a previous study. Significant differences between fall risk groups were found in balance and ADL capabilities of walking, holding and changing posture and muscular strength. These functions also were significantly related to fall risk elements such as fall anxiety and slipping or stumbling at home in the partial correlation analyses. Improvement of these functions during exercise class may be useful in decreasing fall risk in the elderly.
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Uchiyama, Masanobu ; Demura, Shinichi
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金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系<br />秋田県立大学 総合科学教育研究センター<br />Vision contributes to upright postural control by providing afferent feed
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back to the cerebellum. Vision is generally classified into central and peripheral vision. In measurements of postural sway, in which participants are required to maintain a stable upright posture while fixating on a visual target, non-retinal eye positional information due to the fixation is used as well as the retinal information from both visual fields. However, little is known about the role of non-visual eye positional information in postural control. This study examined the role of non-visual eye position information in upright postural control by comparing participants' centre of pressure (COP) sway between two experimental conditions: (1) a space-fixed visual target condition (control), in which eye movement was not controlled, and (2) a head-fixed visual target condition (treatment), in which eye movement was inhibited. Using 12 university students, COP sway and electrooculograms (EOG) were measured under both conditions. In the space-fixed condition, participants maintain an upright posture while fixating on a visual target fixed on a screen 1 m in front of them. In the head-fixed condition, participants maintained an upright posture while gazing at a target moving in sync with their head sway on the screen. The COP was evaluated by path length, area, root mean square, velocity and position. Eye movements were evaluated by the mean eye movement angle. The mean eye movement angle was significantly larger in the vertical direction then in the horizontal direction in both experimental conditions and was also found to be larger in the space-fixed condition than in the head-fixed condition. No significant different was found in any COP parameter between both conditions. It was suggested that non-visual eye position information from the external eye muscles to the sensory perception system contributes little to postural stabilisation under the measurement conditions used in this study. © Springer-Verlag Italia 2009.
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Demura, Shinichi ; Uchiyama, Masanobu
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系<br />Seiza is one of the most commonly used sitting postures in various enrichment lessons of Japanese
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origin. It is reported that Seiza with large knee flexion produces harmful effects on the cartilage of knee joints and hemodynamics of the lower legs. This study aimed at examining the influence of Seiza on tissue oxygenation kinetics of the lower limbs, plantar somatic and cutaneous sensation, and the center of foot pressure (COP) sway using 10 young adults. COP sway was measured for 1 min just after sitting on a chair for 10 min (pre-test), after 30-min Seiza (post-test 1), and 5 min after Seiza (post-test 2). To evaluate the COP sway, we used 4 body sway factors;unit time sway factor (F1), front-back sway factor (F2), left-right sway factor (F3) and high frequency band power spectrum factor (F4). Physiological parameters (i. e., tissue oxygenation kinetics in the lower legs and sensation on the sole) were measured during 30-min Seiza (continuously on tissue oxygenation, and at 1 min intervals on sensation), and for 1 min just before each COP test (pre-test, post-test 1 and 2). Oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin (Hb/Mb) concentration decreased markedly and deoxygenated Hb/Mb concentration increased markedly, resulting in reaching a plateau state at around 7 min. Tissue Hb/Mb index changed little during Seiza. Proprioceptive perception thresholds increased rapidly about 17 min after Starting Seiza. Means of 3 COP sway factors of F1, F2 and F4 were significantly higher in post-test 1 than in pre-test and post-test 2. In conclusion, a marked decrease in tissue oxygen concentration of the lower legs within 4-5 min, and an increase of proprioceptive perception thresholds in the sole at about 17 min are induced by Seiza. Although wiggle and quick body sway in the antero-posterior axis increases markedly in an upright posture just after maintaining Seiza for 30 min, sway recovers after sitting on a chair for 5 min.
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