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| 1.
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Tada, Hayato ; Kawashiri, Masa-aki ; Konno, Tetsuo ; Yamagishi, Masakazu ; Hayashi, Kenshi ; 多田, 隼人 ; 川尻, 剛照 ; 今野, 哲雄 ; 山岸, 正和 ; 林, 研至
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Blood lipid levels are highly heritable and modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD
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), and are the leading cause of death worldwide. These facts have motivated human genetic association studies that have the substantial potential to define the risk factors that are causal and to identify pathways and therapeutic targets for lipids and CAD. The success of the HapMap project that provided an extensive catalog of human genetic variations and the development of microarray based genotyping chips (typically containing variations with allele frequencies ＞5%) facilitated common variant association study (CVAS; formerly termed genomewide association study, GWAS) identifying disease-associated variants in a genome-wide manner. To date, 157 loci associated with blood lipids and 46 loci with CAD have been successfully identified, accounting for approximately 12%– 14% of heritability for lipids and 10% of heritability for CAD. However, there is yet a major challenge termed “missing heritability problem,” namely the observation that loci detected by CVAS explain only a small fraction of the inferred genetic variations. To explain such missing portions, focuses in genetic association studies have shifted from common to rare variants. However, it is challenging to apply rare variant association study (RVAS) in an unbiased manner because such variants typically lack the sufficient number to be identified statistically. In this review, we provide a current understanding of the genetic architecture mostly derived from CVAS, and several updates on the progress and limitations of RVAS for lipids and CAD. © 2016, Japan Atherosclerosis Society. All rights reserved.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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| 2.
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Gamou, Tadatsugu ; Sakata, Kenji ; Tada, Hayato ; Konno, Tetsuo ; Hayashi, Kenshi ; Ino, Hidekazu ; Yamagishi, Masakazu ; Kawashiri, Masa-aki ; on behalf of the MILLION Study Group ; 坂田, 憲治 ; 多田, 隼人 ; 今野, 哲雄 ; 林, 研至 ; 井野, 秀一 ; 山岸, 正和 ; 川尻, 剛照
概要:
Background:The MILLION study, a prospective randomized multicenter study, revealed that lipid and blood pressure (BP)-lo
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wering therapy resulted in regression of coronary plaque as determined by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). In the present study we performed additional analysis to investigate the associated factors with regression of coronary plaque. Methods and Results:We investigated serial 3D IVUS images from 68 patients in the MILLION study. Standard IVUS parameters were assessed at both baseline and follow-up (18–24 months). Volumetric data were standardized by length as normalized volume. In patients with plaque regression (n=52), plaque volumenormalizedsignificantly decreased from 64.8 to 55.8 mm3(P<0.0001) and vessel volumenormalizedsignificantly decreased from 135.0 to 127.5 mm3(P=0.0008). There was no difference in lumen volumenormalizedfrom 70.1 to 71.8 mm3(P=0.27). There were no correlations between % changes in vessel volume and cholesterol or BP. On the other hand, negative correlations between % change in vessel volume and vessel volumenormalizedat baseline (r=−0.352, P=0.009) or plaque volumenormalizedat baseline (r=−0.336, P=0.01) were observed. Conclusions:The current data demonstrated that in patients with plaque regression treated by aggressive lipid and BP-lowering therapy, the plaque regression was derived from reverse vessel remodeling determined by vessel volume and plaque burden at baseline irrespective of decreases in lipids and BP.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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Sakamoto, Aiji ; Kawashiri, Masaaki ; Ishibashi-Ueda, Hatsue ; Sugamoto, Yuka ; Yoshimuta, Tsuyoshi ; Higashikata, Takeo ; Ogino, Hitoshi ; Tada, Hayato ; Konno, Tetsuo ; Hayashi, Kenshi ; Yamagishi, Masakazu
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We examined the expression of ephrin-B1 and its cognate receptor EphB2, key regulators of angiogenesis and embryogenesis
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, in human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and analyzed their functional roles in cell migration. From 10 patients (9 males and 1 female; age, 68.5 ± 2.4) who underwent vascular surgery for AAA, we obtained AAA and adjacent control tissues. Using real-time RT-PCR, we analyzed expression of ephrin-B1 and EphB2. We also histologically localized these molecules in AAA tissues. Finally, effects of ephrin-B1 and EphB2 on inflammatory cell chemotaxis were examined by cell migration assay. Expression levels of ephrin-B1 (0.410 ± 0.046 versus 1.198 ± 0.252, P = 0.027) and EphB2 (0.764 ± 0.212 versus 1.272 ± 0.137, P = 0.594) were higher in AAA than normal control. Both ephrin-B1 and EphB2 were expressed in macrophages, T lymphocytes, and endothelial cells within AAA. In chemotaxis assay, ephrin-B1 and EphB2 inhibited mononuclear-cell chemotaxis induced by stromal derived factor-1 down to 54.7 ± 12.7 (P = 0.01) and 50.7 ± 13.1 (P = 0.01), respectively. These data suggest that ephrin-B1 and EphB2 might be functional in human adult inflammatory cells and involved in the pathogenesis of AAA, although specific roles of these molecules should further be sought. © 2012 Aiji Sakamoto et al.
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Tada, Hayato ; Kawashiri, Masa-aki ; Yoshida, Taiji ; Teramoto, Ryota ; Nohara, Atsushi ; Konno, Tetsuo ; Inazu, Akihiro ; Mabuchi, Hiroshi ; Yamagishi, Masakazu ; Hayashi, Kenshi ; 多田, 隼人 ; 川尻, 剛照 ; 寺本, 了太 ; 野原, 淳 ; 稲津, 明広 ; 馬渕, 宏 ; 山岸, 正和 ; 林, 研至
概要:
Background:It has been shown that serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is elevated in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) with mu
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tation(s) of the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene. However, few data exist regarding Lp(a) levels in FH with gain-of-function mutations of the PCSK9 gene.Methods and Results:We evaluated 42 mutation-determined heterozygous FH patients with aPCSK9gain-of-function mutation (FH-PCSK9, mean age 52, mean LDL-C 235 mg/dl), 198 mutation-determined heterozygous FH patients with aLDLRmutation (FH-LDLR, mean age 44, mean LDL-C 217 mg/dl), and 4,015 controls (CONTROL, mean age 56, mean LDL-C 109 mg/dl). We assessed their Lp(a), total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, use of statins, presence of hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, smoking, body mass index (BMI) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Multiple regression analysis showed that HDL-C, use of statins, presence of hypertension, smoking, BMI, and Lp(a) were independently associated with the presence of CAD. Under these conditions, the serum levels of Lp(a) in patients with FH were significantly higher than those of the CONTROL group regardless of their causative genes, among the groups propensity score-matched (median Lp(a) 12.6 mg/dl [IQR:9.4–33.9], 21.1 mg/dl [IQR:11.7–34.9], and 5.0 mg/dl [IQR:2.7–8.1] in the FH-LDLR, FH-PCSK9, and CONTROL groups, respectively, P=0.002 for FH-LDLR vs. CONTROL, P=0.002 for FH-PCSK9 vs. CONTROL).Conclusions:These data demonstrate that serum Lp(a) is elevated in patients with FH caused by PCSK9 gain-of-function mutations to the same level as that in FH caused by LDLR mutations. (Circ J 2016; 80: 512–518)<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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Tada, Hayato ; Kawashiri, Masa-aki ; Okada, Hirofumi ; Endo, Saori ; Toyoshima, Yuka ; Konno, Tetsuo ; Nohara, Atsushi ; Inazu, Akihiro ; Takao, Akira ; Mabuchi, Hiroshi ; Yamagishi, Masakazu ; Hayashi, Kenshi ; 多田, 隼人 ; 川尻, 剛照 ; 今野, 哲雄 ; 野原, 淳 ; 稲津, 明広 ; 馬渕, 宏 ; 山岸, 正和 ; 林, 研至
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Whole exome sequencing (WES) technologies have accelerated genetic studies of Mendelian disorders, yielding approximatel
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y 30% diagnostic success. We encountered a 13-year-old Japanese female initially diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia on the basis of clinical manifestations of severe hypercholesterolemia (initial LDL cholesterol=609 mg/dl at the age of one) and systemic intertriginous xanthomas with histories of recurrent self-limiting episodes of fever and arthritis. Both her phenotypes seemed to co-segregate in a recessive manner. We performed WES on this patient, who was considered a proband. Among 206,430 variants found in this individual, we found 18,220 nonsense, missense, or splice site variants, of which 3,087 were rare (minor allele frequency ≤ 0.01 or not reported) in 1000 Genome (Asian population). Filtering by assuming a recessive pattern of inheritance with the use of an in silico annotation prediction tool, we successfully narrowed down the candidates to the compound heterozygous mutations in the ABCG5 gene (c.1256G＞A or p.Arg419His/c.1763-1G＞A [splice acceptor site]) and to the double-compound heterozygous mutations in the MEFV gene (c.329T＞C/C or p.Leu110Pro/c.442G＞C/C or p.Glu148Val). The patient was genetically diagnosed with sitosterolemia and familial Mediterranean fever using WES for the first time. Such a comprehensive approach is useful for identifying causative mutations for multiple unrelated inheritable diseases.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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Yamamoto, Ryusuke ; Tada, Hayato ; Tsubokawa, Toshinari ; Konno, Tetsuo ; Hayashi, Kenshi ; Saito, Takekatsu ; Kawashiri, Masa-aki ; Ohta, Kunio ; Yachie, Akihiro ; Yamagishi, Masakazu
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Tada, Hayato ; Tsubokawa, Toshinari ; Konno, Tetsuo ; Hayashi, Kenshi ; Uchiyama, Katsuharu ; Kawashiri, Masa-aki ; Tomita, Shigeyuki ; Ino, Hidekazu ; Watanabe, Go ; Yamagishi, Masakazu
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Tada, Hayato ; Kawashiri, Masa-aki ; Ohtani, Rumiko ; Noguchi, Tohru ; Nakanishi, Chiaki ; Konno, Tetsuo ; Hayashia, Kenshi ; Nohara, Atsushi ; Inazu, Akihiro ; Kobayashi, Junji ; Mabuchi, Hiroshi ; Yamagishi, Masakazu
概要:
Background: Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH) is an extremely rare inherited hypercholesterolemia, the caus
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e of which is mutations in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor adaptor protein 1 (LDLRAP1) gene. Methods: A total of 146 heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemic (FH) patients with a mutation in LDLR gene were screened for genes encoding proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and LDLRAP1. Results: Among the 146 subjects, we identified a 79-year-old Japanese female with double mutations in LDLR gene (c.2431A > T) and LDLRAP1 gene (c.606dup). Two other relatives with double mutations in those genes in her family were also identified. Although the proband exhibited massive Achilles tendon xanthoma and coronary and aortic valvular disease, serum LDL-C level of subjects with double mutations was similar with that of subjects with single LDLR mutation (284.0 ± 43.5 versus 265.1 ± 57.4 mg/dl). Conclusion: Additional mutation in LDLRAP1 may account for severer phenotype in terms of xanthoma and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in FH patients. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 9.
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Tada, Hayato ; Tsubokawa, Toshinari ; Konno, Tetsuo ; Hayashi, Kenshi ; Uchiyama, Katsuharu ; Kawashiri, Masa-aki ; Tomita, Shigeyuki ; Ino, Hidekazu ; Watanabe, Go ; Yamagishi, Masakazu
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Tada, Hayato ; Kawashiri, Masa-aki ; Ohtani, Rumiko ; Noguchi, Tohru ; Nakanishi, Chiaki ; Konno, Tetsuo ; Hayashi, Kenshi ; Nohara, Atsushi ; Inazu, Akihiro ; Kobayashi, Junji ; Mabuchi, Hiroshi ; Yamagishi, Masakazu
概要:
Background: Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH) is an extremely rare inherited hypercholesterolemia, the caus
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e of which is mutations in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor adaptor protein 1 (LDLRAP1) gene. Methods: A total of 146 heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemic (FH) patients with a mutation in LDLR gene were screened for genes encoding proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and LDLRAP1. Results: Among the 146 subjects, we identified a 79-year-old Japanese female with double mutations in LDLR gene (c.2431A > T) and LDLRAP1 gene (c.606dup). Two other relatives with double mutations in those genes in her family were also identified. Although the proband exhibited massive Achilles tendon xanthoma and coronary and aortic valvular disease, serum LDL-C level of subjects with double mutations was similar with that of subjects with single LDLR mutation (284.0 ± 43.5 versus 265.1 ± 57.4. mg/dl). Conclusion: Additional mutation in LDLRAP1 may account for severer phenotype in terms of xanthoma and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in FH patients. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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