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論文
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荒井, 章司 ; 阿部, なつ江 ; Arai, Shoji ; Abe, Natsue
概要:
Petological constitution of the upper mantle beneath the ocean floor has been poorly known except for oceanic fracture z
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ones of slow-spreading ridges. Information from ophiolites may supplement the paucity of data to some extent ; however, the ophiolites should be treated carefully because of their polygenetic nature. The abyssal peridotite varies from lherzolite with Cr# of spinel of 0.1 to harzburgite with Cr# of spinel of 0.6. Dunite is relatively rare from the ocean floor. An exotic lherzolite with continental mantle signatures appears in midoceanic areas. The refractoriness of the abyssal peridotie has been proposed to correlate with the spreading rate of the ridge system, but this is false. The upper mantle beneath the ocean floor changes downwards from dunite to lherzolite via harzburgite, being independent of spreading rate. The lithological change is more abrupt in a slowspreading system than in a fast-spreading one, so it is around ridge segment boundaries rather than around the segment center on the same spreading ridge. The thin harzburite layer in slow-spreading ridges has resulted in its rarity there, and the deep seat of lherzolite in fast-spreading ridges has caused its apparent absence. The primitive MORB can be in equilibrium with dunite, which is formed along the melt conduit beneath the ridge via peridotie/melt reaction, and the dunite part is laid down by the corner flow of the mantle just below the lowermost gabbro layer as it leaves the ridge axis. We proposed the following deep ocean-floor drilling to explore scientific proglems concerning the abyssal upper mantle : (1) non-riser drilling on the “continental peridotite” to know the relationship with abyssal peridotite, and (2) non-riser or riser drilling on the ocean floor where deep-seated rocks have already been exposed to examine the deep constitution of the upper mantle. The “21st Century Mohole” drilling through the oceanic Moho should primarily be directed to the segment center of a fast-spreading ridge system. The back-arc basin such as the Sea of Japan will be the alternate for Mohole drilling because we have had relatively little information on the petrological nature of the back-arc basin lithosphere despite its importance. We can solve the “ophiolite problem” simultaneously if we are careful in choosing the drilling sites. We also propose a close linkage between the ophiolite study and ocean drilling in the coming IODP.
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| 2.
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論文
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荒井, 章司 ; Arai, Shoji
概要:
Various characteristics of podiform chromitites, an enigmatic mantle rock member, are reviewed in this article. Chromiti
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tes are composed of chromian spinel, with the general formula (Mg, Fe2+)(Cr, Al, Fe3+)2O4, and silicates (mainly olivine). The Fe3+ content is generally very low, being less than 0.1 to all trivalent cations, in mantle chromian spinels. The Mg/(Mg + Fe2+) ratio (= Mg#) changes inversely with the Cr/(Cr + Al) ratio (= Cr#), which increases with an increase of degree of partial melting of mantle peridotites. The Cr# of chromian spinel is generally higher than 0.4 (generally 0.6 to 0.8) in podiform chromitites, varying widely from 0.1 to 0.9 in the mantle peridotite. The podiform chromitite forms pod-like bodies (dimensions of up to 1.5 km × 150 m for an individual pod) with a dunite envelope, totally set within mantle harzburgite. In well-preserved ophiolites, they occur in the uppermost mantle, especially in and beneath the Moho transition zone, which is dominated by dunite. The Cr# of chromian spinel is relatively low (0.4 to 0.6) around the Moho transition zone, and high (>0.6) at deeper levels in the mantle section. Chromitites are denser and less anisotropic in Vp than peridotites, and the Vp is 8.5 to 9 km/sec depending on the proportion of chromian spinel, and higher in the former than in the latter. The podiform chromitite has been interpreted to be one of melt/rock interaction products within the uppermost mantle harzburgite; hybridization of relatively Si-rich melt formed by the breakdown of orthopyroxenes of the wall harzburgite and subsequently supplied primitive melt cause oversaturation in chromian spinel, giving rise to formation of chromitite with a dunite envelope. The fractionated melt leaving high-Cr# podiform chromitite is possibly of arc-magma affinity. Chromitites with low-Cr# (0.4 to 0.6) chromian spinel can be in equilibrium with MORB. Recently found ultra-high pressure minerals, such as diamond, moissanite, Fe-silicides and Ni-Fe-Cr-C alloys, within chromian spinel of podiform chromitites make the genetical history of chromitites highly enigmatic. A new story, which incorporates the genesis and involvement of these highly reducing, ultra-high pressure minerals, is required.
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| 3.
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論文
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荒井, 章司 ; Arai, Shoji
概要:
上部マントルかんらん岩とメルトの相互反応をかんらん岩および噴出岩より読み取る研究を行い,以下の事実が明らかになった.1.高枯渇度かんらん岩には,水の存在下で生成されたもの(神居古潭帯)や,無水条件下で形成されたもの(パプア)がある.2.オマ
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ーン・オフィオライトのモホ遷移帯は基本的にはハルツバ-ジャイトと玄武岩質マグマとの反応の産物であり,太平洋ヘス・ディープのダナイト・トロクトライト・ガブロと類似している.3.海洋底玄武岩の形成モデルを提唱した.海洋底玄武岩は拡大速度によらずほぼ一定の化学組成を有することが知られている.一方,マントルかんらん岩は,拡大速度に依存したかなり大きな不均質性を有する.太平洋とケイマン・トラフのモホ遷移帯のダナイトの組成がほぼ類似していることから,初生マグマ(組成は拡大速度に依存して異なる)がかんらん岩とより低圧で反応することにより,はぼ同様のダナイトと二次的なマグマを生ずるらしい.4.かんらん岩とメルトの相亙反応による二次的メルトには,クロムなどのコンパティブル元素とナトリウム,水などのインコンパティブル成分が同時に濃集する.二次メルトからの晶出物の代表的なものはポディフォーム・クロミタイトである.5.クロミタイトは中程度に枯渇したハルツバ-ジャイトに特徴的に含まれる.また,そのスピネルのCr#は0.8前後のことが多く,海洋的というより島弧的環境を示唆する.6.ピクライト玄武岩はかんらん岩-メルト相互反応物の噴出相である.かんらん岩捕獲岩-アルカリ玄武岩の反応はピクライト的メルト(クリスタル・マッシュ)生成過程のよい類似物である.<br />The interaction between upper mantle peridotite and melt has been studied both for deep-seated rocks and for effusive rocks. Our results are summarized as follows.1. The highly depleted peridotite is possibly polygenetic. The Cr# of spinel in high-Mg harzburgite is higher in the Papuan ophiolite than in the Kamuikotan zone. the melting condition was hydrous in the Kamuikotan dunite-harzburgite and was anhydrous in the Papuan ophiolite.2. The Moho transition zone of the Oman ophiolite is basically composed of the interaction product between harzburgite and MORB.The rocks are similar to the equivalents from Hess Deep, the Pacific Ocean, a fast-spreading ridge system.3. The primitive MORB is possibly in equilibrium with dunite (and troctolite) of the Moho transition zone, an interaction product between more primitive MORB and mantle peridotite. The oceanic dunite is slightly variable in petrological characteristics whereas the mantle peridotite is highly variable depending on the spreading rate.4. The secondary melt produced by the peridotite/melt interaction can concentrate both some compatible elements simultaneously and incompatible components, leading to precipitate podiform chromities.5. The podiform chromitite is characteristically hosted by moderately depleted harzburgite with small smount of cpx and chromian spinel of moderate Cr# (around 0.5). Their chromian spinel often has high Cr#s (around 0.8), indicating supra-subduction zone environment for their formation.6. The picrite basalt is an effusive facies of the peridotite/melt interaction product. The reaction product between peridotite xenolith and its host alkali basalt is a good analogue of the picritic mixture.<br />研究課題/領域番号:07454131, 研究期間(年度):1995-1996<br />出典：「マグマ-マントル相互反応と未分化マグマの形成」研究成果報告書 課題番号07454131 (KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）) 本文データは著者版報告書より作成
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