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山口, 裕通 ; 小泉, 奏子 ; 大澤, 脩司 ; 中山, 晶一朗 ; Yamaguchi, Hiromichi ; Koizumi, Kanako ; Osawa, Shuji ; Nakayama, Shoichiro
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />As ‘network reliability’, road networks are required to connect important bases even in large-sca
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le disasters for life-saving and quick recovery. Many studies proposed the methodologies for evaluating the network reliability, however only a few studies answered “Which base should be used for evaluation as important one?” In this paper, the problems of the current disaster prevention base are organized, and the priority ranks of disaster prevention base are estimated. At first, from the viewpoint of road network reliability, the current state of disaster prevention base designation in the regional disaster prevention plan across the country was arranged. As a results, we presented that there is no criterion for disaster prevention bases designation and the type of designated bases are different between prefectures. Based on that, we estimated the simple priority ranks of disaster prevention bases which stably obtained with many areas / assumptions. By clarifying this estimated ranks as the national unity standard, we will be able to improve the network reliability efficiently.<br />防災拠点は，被害の拡大阻止と生活機能の迅速な復旧のために，災害時においても拠点間をつなぐ連絡・輸送体制が確保されていることが求められる．本研究では，まず，道路ネットワークの耐災害機能強化の視点から，全国各地の地域防災計画における防災拠点指定の現状を整理した．その結果，防災拠点の種類や機能についての全国統一の基準はなく，都道府県ごとに指定の状況が大きく異なり，広域で拠点間の接続性強化を検討することがそもそも困難であることが分かった．その課題を踏まえて，アンケート調査結果から多くの地域・想定で安定的に得られる防災拠点の接続優先度（重要度）ランクを推定した．この重要度ランクに基づいて，道路リンクの耐災害能力強化の優先順位を策定することで，より効率的に防災拠点間の接続性強化を進めることが可能となる．
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Yamaguchi, Hiromichi ; Nakayama, Shoichiro ; 山口, 裕通 ; 中山, 晶一朗
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金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />How many base travel groups (models) are necessary for clarifying the long-term day-to-day dynami
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cs of intercity travel? In the past, several travel purposes (e.g., sightseeing, business, etc.) have been assumed. However, mobile-phone location data enables us to answer the above question because of their detailed time-series information. In this study, we propose a method for deriving the basic travel groups necessary for clarifying the time-series changes by applying nonnegative tensor factorization (NTF). This method is applied to the time-series data of several long-distance travelers to the Ishikawa prefecture, to where the Hokuriku High-speed rail (HSR) has been newly extended. Based on this, the number of base travel groups necessary for predicting the effect of the new HSR is estimated as twelve, which is greater than the number used in the previous demand forecasting models. The estimated groups include components that appear to correspond to different travel purposes (e.g., sightseeing, business, and homecoming), as in previous surveys. These results confirm that the methodology proposed in this study can clearly extract groups with different elasticities, due to the traffic service. The HSR effect can be clarified by dividing it into several characteristics and detailed components. In addition, if multiple HSR effects are analyzed, a more accurate demand-forecasting model for the new HSR service can be proposed.<br />Embargo Period 12 months
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小滝 , 省市 ; 高山 , 純一 ; 中山, 晶一朗 ; 埒 , 正浩 ; Kotaki, Shoichi ; Takayama, Junichi ; Nakayama, Shoichiro ; Rachi, Masahiro
概要:
本研究では，コンパクトなまちづくりの一環として，駅周辺の再整備の必要性が増している中，駅前広場の事業推進のための課題を明らかにするものである．主要都市へのアンケート調査の結果，都市郊外において駅前広場が長期未着手になっている背景に，駅周辺整
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備に関して上位計画での位置づけが少ないことが明らかとなっており，先進事例として富山市におけるＪＲ高山本線活性化事業を取り上げ，都市政策の一環として，駅前広場整備など交通結節点の整備に取り組むことの有効性について確認した． This study aims at clarifying problems on project promotion for the station squares while the need of re-development of the station area has been rising as a part of developing a compact town. Results of questionary survey for major cities have revealed that station square development has not been high rank plan for most of the cities with the background that the station plazas in outer cities have not been developed for a long period. Therefore, the authors picked up JR Takayama Line Vitalization Project in Toyama city as an advanced case, and confirmed efficacy of development of the traffic nodes including station square development as a part of the city policy.
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藤田, 雅久 ; 高山, 純一 ; 中山, 晶一朗 ; 牛場, 高志
概要:
近年，わが国では原子力発電所事故に対する国民の関心が非常に高まってきており，各種市民活動も活発化してきている．そのため，原子力発電所事故に対する防災計画の整備を充実させることが求められている．そのような状況から，本研究では防災計画の検討を支
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援するためのシステムとして，ミクロ交通シミュレーションシステムを構築し，新潟県柏崎刈羽原発周辺を対象地域として車両での避難シミュレーションを行っている．加えて，本地域の風向きや人口などの観点から地域ごとに原子力発電所災害時の危険度を考え，それらについてそれぞれの避難シミュレーションの重要性について検討を行った．その結果，現状の避難計画における避難経路などについて問題があることが分かった．These days, our interest in nuclear plant accidents has increased, and civic actions for them have also been activated. Therefore, improvement of the disaster prevention planning to nuclear plant accidents is requested. In this study, we developed a microscopic traffic simulation system for evacuation plan near the nuclear plant as a system which supports to examine the disaster prevention planning, and applied the system to Kashiwazaki-Kariha nuclear plant area. Furthermore, the risk of each region near the nuclear plant disaster from the viewpoint of wind direction and the population was considered, the importance of each evacuation simulation was examined. As a result, we found that the present plan Kashiwazaki-Kariha made has the problem on evacuation routes and others.
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岡本, 裕也 ; 中山, 晶一朗 ; 高山, 純一
概要:
都市高速道路などでは，経路により料金を割り引く施策の検討が必要になるなど経路交通量の算出が必要な場面も多々ある．一方，広域を対象とした大規模道路網の交通量配分を行うには，多大な計算時間を要し，データ入力，結果表示のための作業量も膨大なものと
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なる．配分計算を何度も行う必要がある場合，何らかの計算の効率化は極めて重要である．ある程度の配分結果の精度を確保しつつ，計算費用を減らすための手法の一つにネットワーク集約化がある．本研究では，高速道路を含むネットワークの確率利用者均衡配分について，一般道路のみを通る経路を感度分析を用いて集約し，集約した一般道路の経路と高速道路を一部でも含む経路の間で配分を行う手法を提案し，仮想ネットワークを対象にその手法の計算時間の短縮・配分結果の有用性を検討する． Assignment of route flows is required when examining fare discount of some routes on urban expressways. In general, traffic assignment of a large-scale road network needs much computation capacity and computation time, and work of data entry and displaying results is also very tough. It is important to reduce computational cost and capacity especially when traffic assignment is made many times. Aggregation of traffic network is one of the methods for reducing the computation cost, maintaining the accuracy of the results. In this study, a method of aggregating the routes that consist solely of general links is developed using sensitivity analysis, and traffic assignment is made between the aggregated general link route and routes which wholey or partially include expressway link. Then, the above method is applied to a simple network and its validity and computational time reduction are examined.
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塩士, 圭介 ; 高山, 純一 ; 中山, 晶一朗
概要:
市町村における現在の地域公共交通施策の現状と課題認識を把握するため，全国市町村に対して公共交通施策の取組状況等をアンケート調査結果で把握した．まず市町村の財政負担面から，市町村の交通政策への取り組みの度合いとその効果及び課題を明らかにした．
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また，特に「市町村合併」に着目して，市町村の合併規模等の分類を試みるとともに，交通課題認識及びその差違に関する比較分析を行うことで，市町村合併の形態ごとに持つ交通政策の取組状況とその課題を探った．その結果，合併市町村においては，非合併市町村に比べて，実際に交通施策に取り組まれている事例が多く，広面積の市町村ほどその傾向が顕著であることが明らかとなった．We carried out a questionnaire survey for all municipalities in Japan to grasp the present situation of managing public transits and local goverments' awareness of their public transportation problems the problem about local transportation policy. Especially, from the viewpoint of financial aspects, local goverments' involvement to transportation policies and their problems were examined. Moreover, we attempted to classify consolidation of municipalities. We aim to examine local goverments' effort for transportation policies and their problems in each consolidation category by analyzing the difference of their problems awareness and its difference. We found that consolidated manicipalities have much more problem awareness than non-consolidated ones. As the area of municipalities is larger, this tendency is clearer.
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中井, 惇弥 ; 中山, 晶一朗 ; 高山, 純一 ; 長尾, 一輝
概要:
LRTなどの軌道系交通機関を含む交通ネットワークやその施策を評価する際には，道路交通が持つ旅行時間の不確実性に対する軌道系交通機関が持つ旅行時間の正確性を考慮することは重要である．このような旅行時間の正確性と不確実性の差を明確に考慮しなけれ
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ば，LRT導入等の効果を適切に把握できない部分があると考えられる．また，現実の交通状況は時刻によって大きく変化するため，特に朝ラッシュ・夕ラッシュ等の混雑の表現は重要であろう．本研究では，これらを考慮するため，旅行時間の不確実性を考慮した時間帯別均衡配分モデルを提案する．そして，提案したモデルを金沢都市圏の道路ネットワークに適用することにより，金沢都市圏へのLRT導入による効果分析，道路交通への影響を時間帯別に示す． When evaluating transportation policies or plans with public transit such as LRT with exclusive railway, it is important to consider travel time punctuality of railway public transit in comparison with road travel time uncertainty. We cannot assess the effect of introducing LRT appropriately in same cases if we neglect the difference between railway public transit punctuality and road travel time uncertainty. It is also important to consider within-day dynamics of traffic situation, especially morning and evening peak hour. In this study, we propose a semi-dynamic traffic assignment model with road travel time uncertainty and exclusive railway LRT's punctuality. Then, we apply the model to Kanazawa urban network and examine the effect of introducing LRT and its influence to road traffic semi-dynamically.
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稲田, 裕介 ; 中山, 晶一朗 ; 高山, 純一
概要:
交通量の確率的性質については，交通量がどのような確率分布に従っているのかというような基本的な問題を含めて，いまだ未知の部分も多い．本研究では，交通量を対象に都市高速道路の時間交通量と日交通量の確率変動特性がどのようなものか，そして，それらが
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どのような確率分布形に従うのかについて，阪神高速道路の観測交通量を用いて統計学的に考察する．具体的には，実測交通量分布と正規分布に代表される理論分布との適合を適合度検定を用いて検証している．適合度検定には，統計学的検定手法の1つであるKolmogorov-Smirnov検定を用い，交通量分布の形状がどのような統計分布形状に合致しているか分析をしている．Probabilistic property is considered as one of the traffic change, “What is the distribution of what the traffic distribution,” including such basic issues that still many unknown parts. Once it is cleared what probability distributions follows to the traffic, now handled in a probabilistic traffic, road management plan could help enable us to access travel time reliability considering variation. In this study, using cross-section traffic data from all lines of the Hanshin Expressway, time for statistical analysis conforms to the theoretical model does not make what the shape of the distribution of hour or daily traffic.
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中野, 晃太 ; 高山, 純一 ; 中山, 晶一朗
概要:
救急搬送活動において，迅速な救急搬送はより多くの患者を救うために不可欠である．現在，3次救急医療施設などの重症患者に対処する高度な医療施設は都市部に集中しており，3次救急医療施設の少ない地方部との間に救急医療サービスの地域格差が生じている．
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地方部から都市部への搬送には高速道路が用いられているが，救急医療施設が高速道路のインターチェンジから離れている場合，搬送時間の増加が問題となる．そこで，高速道路と3次救急医療施設までの搬送距離の短縮を目的とした救急車専用退出路を設置することで，経路上の交通障害の回避ならびに，救急搬送時間の短縮が可能となる．本研究は，高速道路における救急車専用退出路の設置効果の分析を行い，今後の救急搬送業務の向上を目指す．In the relief activities, rapid emergency medical trans port is essential to save more patients. Currently, advanced medical facilities such as the third level emergency medical facilities to deal with patient with an advanced disease are concentrated in urban areas. There are regional differences in emergency medical services between urban areas and local areas that th ere are few third level emergency medical facilities. Emergency medical transport from local areas to urban areas use the expressway. But, the increase emergency medical transportation time is problem, if emergency medical facilities are away from the highway interchange. Therefore, to establish exiting road only for ambulance that aimed shortening the distance from the highway to emergency medical facilities can avoid some traffic injury and is possible to shorten the emergency medical transportation time. The purpose of this study are to analysis of effect that exiting road only for ambulance introduced into expressway and to improve emergency medical services in the future.
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安藤, 正幸 ; 高山, 純一 ; 中山, 晶一朗
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市街地内において，効果的な社会資本整備や渋滞緩和および交通需要マネージメントを行うためには，ドライバーの経路選択の特性を把握し，現実に即した適切な経路選択モデルを選定することが必要となることが多い．本研究では，現実の経路選択行動の調査結果よ
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り，ドライバーは所要時間だけではなく道路幅員や信号交差点数など多様な要因により経路を選定していることを明確化し，このようなドライバーの経路選択行動の特性を踏まえ，既存のLogit型経路選択モデルの適合性を検証した．この結果，C-Logitモデルが最も適合することが判明した．また，最尤推計法によるパラメータの設定ができない場合，道路および沿道の状況を取り入れ，ドライバーの嗜好を考慮した効用関数の計算手法を提案する．In order to provide an effective infrastructure, to make the congestion easier, and to manage the traffic demand, and to achieve the comfortable traffic circumstance, it is necessary to understand the characteristic of driver's route choice, and to select the appropriate route selection model actually suited in a comparatively narrow area in the urban area. In this study, from the result of the survey of the route choice behavior in the real traffic, it is clarified that the drivers choose the route according to various factors not only the travel time but also the width of the road and the number of signal intersections etc., and verified adaptability with an existing Logit type route selection model based on the characteristic of the route choice behavior of such as the drivers. As a result, it turned out to suit the MNL model most, and to suit the C-Logit model next. Moreover, to attempt the accuracy improvement of the route choice calculation, it proposes the calculation method that takes the situation in the road and the route into the effect.
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