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| 1.
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論文
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出村, 慎一 ; 佐藤, 進 ; 南, 雅樹 ; 小林, 秀紹 ; 野田, 洋平 ; 松沢, 甚三郎 ; 小林, 寛道 ; 青木, 純一郎
概要:
The purposes of this study were to examine reliability and validity of ADL index for older people at home, and relations
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hips between ADL score and various factors (ex. self-assessment of health status and physical fitness level, and exercise frequency/week), and to examine the screening basis for execution of physical fitness test based on distribution of ADL score. A questionnaire consisting of 12 ADL items and a physical fitness test of Ministry of Education, Science and Clture were administered to 5, 715 subjects 65 years or more age (male: 2, 745; female: 2, 970) . As a result of examining test-retest reliability of the ADL index, significant high correlations were shown among 12 ADL items (0.674≤r≤0.886), and in overall score (r=0.943) . The ADL score was significantly related to age and physical fitness test scores, and tended to be higher in subjects with a higher self-assessment of health status and physical fitness level, and with more frequency. It was suggested that these results prove the utility of the present ADL index. Further, as the result of examining relationships between distribution of overall ADL score and physical fitness test scores, the following screening bases were considered to be valid for judgement whether the physical fitness tests could be executed. The three screening bases using overall ADL score were: 1) 12 or under; 2) over 13 to under 24; 3) 24 and over. The four bases using item score were: 1) a category 1 response for items 1, 5 and 6; 2) a category 2 or 3 response for items 1, 5 and 6, and a category 1 response for items 3 and 4; 3) a category 3 response for items 2 and 14; 4) a category 1 response for items 10 and 12.
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| 2.
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出村, 慎一 ; 佐藤, 進 ; 松沢, 甚三郎 ; 野田, 洋平 ; 宮口, 尚義 ; 多田, 信彦 ; 小林, 秀紹 ; 郷司, 文男 ; 南, 雅樹
概要:
The purpose of this study was to propose useful ADLs (activities of daily living) and scales to estimate ADL ability on community older people from the viewpoints of aging, physical fitness level, and interrelationship among ADL.
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The survey constructing of 15 ADL items and physical fitness test of Ministry of Education, Science and Culture were carried out on 458 older people. Each ADL item was constructed with 3 level scales. As the results of this study, the following 12 ADLs were proposed as useful ADL items; in the locomotion domain, jumping across a ditch, walking, running, up and down stairs, and transfer; in the manipulation domain, taking bedding in and out, buttoning a shirt; in stability domain, standing in the bus or train, dressing while standing (trousers), standing on one foot with eyes open; in the posture-change domain, sitting up, standing up from the floor. These items were significantly related to age and physical fitness elements contributed largely to achievement of each ADL. Since significant high correlation was found between the index using 12 ADL items and that using 15 items, it is considered that the 12 items scale can account for the variance corresponded enough to that of 15 items scale, and that the new index is practical and simple. In further research, it will be required to examine validity of each ADL item and index by using more large sample, and to clarify the relation to various factors influenced to ADL ability level.
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出村, 慎一 ; 松沢, 甚三郎 ; 野田, 洋平 ; 南, 雅樹 ; 郷司, 文男 ; 佐藤, 進 ; 小林, 秀紹 ; 西嶋, 尚彦
概要:
An investigation was conducted to determine the characteristics of 133 activities of daily living (ADLs) in 1308 elderly people aged 60-88 years, focusing on difficulty of ADL achievement, changes with age, and sex
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differences. The major findings were as follows: 1) High-difficulty activities included loconaotion, stability, and posture-change systems that belonged mainly to domains II (activities related tcc daily life) and III (creative activities). The achievement of these ADLs was considerably burdensome because they demand physical exertion such as static strength and muscular endurance of the upper limbs and trunk, balance, and flexibility. On the other hand, low-difficulty activities included locomotion and manipulation systems that belonged to domains I (fundamental life activities) and II, which had been performed almost every day and habitually since childhood. 2) Achievement rates for high-difficulty activities, including locomotion, stability, and posture-change systems of domains II and III, were higher in males than in females. Sex differences in physicat fitness were reflected in these achievements. Experience and habit of some ADLs in adolescence and adulthood might have influenced their achievement, and judgment of achievement possibility. Sex differences were not observed in the achievement of everyday and habitual ADLs, which did not require severe physical exertion. 3) The achievement of most activities including locomotion, stability, manipulation, and posture-change systems decreased with age irn both sexes. High-difficulty activities of locomotion and on program and manipulation systems showed a greater decrease with age, suggesting that a decrease in muscular strength and balance is related to These achievements. Some activities demonstrated a marked decrease in achievement from 75 years of age or a decrease at each age-level. Activities that differed with regard to decrease of achievement in both sexes were divided into two groups: those with high difficulty in the locomotion system and those with low difficulty in the manipulation system of the upper limbs.
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野田, 政弘 ; 出村, 慎一 ; 南, 雅樹 ; 長澤, 吉則 ; 多田, 信彦 ; 野田, 洋平
概要:
A study was conducted to examine gender and age differences for factors related to life satisfaction levels in terms of the family, daily life-style, health, personal relationships, environment and life design. Data were collected from
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1,320 healthy people aged 60 years or more in the community (665 males and 655 females). The main results obtained, using data with high reliability (a coefficient = 0.88), were as follows: Men had a higher satisfaction level for family and health factors than women. The satisfaction level for men aged under 75 was high and this trend was especially marked for the health factor in men and for all factors in women. The satisfaction level for women aged 75 or older was lower for all factors than that for men, and the trend was marked for health and personal relationships. Because gender and age differences in life satisfaction level vary from one factor to another, the satisfaction level should be evaluated accordingly.
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佐藤, 進 ; 出村, 慎一 ; 松沢, 甚三郎 ; 野田, 洋平 ; 宮口, 尚義 ; 多田, 信彦 ; 小林, 秀紹 ; 郷司, 文男 ; 南, 雅樹 ; 菅野, 紀昭
概要:
The purpose of this study was to propose useful activities of daily living(ADLs)and scales for estimating ADL ability in healthy older persons.The subjects were 2100 older persons.A total of 130 items for 57 ADLs were selected
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from the following 4 domains:locomotion, manipulation, stability, and posture-change.The achievement rate for each item was calculated.First, 15 more useful ADLs, consisting of 45 items, were selected to estimate ADL ability based on the multiple scale, considering the achievement rate and interrelationship of each item, and physical fitness domains related mainly to achievement of the ADL.Second, the scales of 15 ADLs were modified after examining the difference between practical achievement rates and the theoretical structure of the scale from the viewpoints of size and approximation of the achievement rate.Third, useful ADLs and their scales were proposed based on the analysis and theoretical validity.As a result, the following 15 ADLs were selected:In the locomotion domain, jumping across a ditch, walking, running, going up and down stairs, going up and down bus steps, transfer, and jumping;in the manipulation domain, taking bedding in and out, buttoning a shirt;in the stability domain, standing in a bus or train, dressing while standing(trousers), dressing while standing(socks), standing on one foot with eyes open;in the posturechange domain, sitting up, standing up from the floor.All of these 15 ADLs were constructed on a 3-level scale with different difficulties.The ADL scale proposed in this study was considered to need further examination.
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