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| 1.
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奥村, 真子 ; 三木, 理 ; 上野, 聡浩 ; 小杉, 知佳 ; 吉村, 航 ; 加藤, 敏朗 ; Okumura, Chikako ; Miki, Osamu ; Ueno, Akihiro ; Kosugi, Chika ; Yoshimura, Ko ; Kato, Toshiaki
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域サステナブルエネルギー研究センター<br />The present study is an attempt for assessing the relationship between iron deficiency a
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nd discoloration in Undaria pinnatifida sporophytes. First, thallus discoloration and the decrease in photosynthetic pigment contents were examined in Undaria pinnatifida by employing an indoor iron-deficiency experiment. When Undaria pinnatifida sporophytes were cultured under iron-deficient conditions, which the iron concentrations were between 2 and 5 μg/L, the growth decreased, the thalli became discolored, and the photosynthetic pigment contents decreased. Iron deficiency caused the sporophytes to become lighter (L*) and less red (a*). Therefore, it appears that iron deficiency induces the discoloration of Undaria pinnatifida sporophytes, similar to how nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies perform. Next, we investigated how the mechanism involved in the addition of iron affects the discolored Undaria pinnatifida sporophytes due to iron deficiency by performing an indoor iron-addition experiment. Undaria pinnatifida sporophyte growth, thallus color, and photosynthetic pigment content were all restored by the addition of dissolved iron solution, which the concentrations were between 10 and 50 μg/L. Iron addition made the sporophytes recover their lightness (L*) and redness (a*). In addition, the color was restored more quickly as the amount of added iron was increased. The discoloration of iron-deficient Undaria pinnatifida sporophytes can thus be restored by iron addition.
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| 2.
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Miki, Osamu ; Okumura, Chikako ; Marzuki, Mawardi ; Tujimura, Yusuke ; Fujii, Takahito ; Kosugi, Chika ; Kato, Toshiaki ; 三木, 理 ; 奥村, 真子
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The brown seaweed Sargassum horneri (Sargassaceae) is important for marine environment conservation. It could be used fo
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r a food material, medical applications, and future biofuel production. We compared the growth of S. horneri cultures under single wavelength blue and red light during the germling and immature stages. The growth rate based on the thallus area of S. horneri during the germling stage was faster under blue LED light than under red LED light. Furthermore, based on the wet weight of S. horneri, during the immature stage, blue LED light resulted in a faster growth rate than red LED light. Moreover, during the immature stage, compared with red LED light, blue LED light tended to increase the content of photosynthetic pigments. We conclude that use of blue LED light in indoor tanks during the germling and immature stages will improve the efficiency of S. horneri culture. © 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht<br />Embargo Period 12 months
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| 3.
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Miki, Osamu ; Ueki, Chika ; Kato, Toshiaki
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There are many borrow pits caused by sand mining at the bottom of the coastal sea in Japan. Borrow pits have been identified as a source of oxygen-deficient water with hydrogen sulfide. It has become increasingly important to restore
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borrow pits to improve the marine environment. However, large quantities of sand materials are needed to restore borrow pits. Recently, dredged materials generated by sea route maintenance have been adopted instead of sand materials. However, one problem of dredged materials is that they can be weak ground materials. Therefore, slag-mixed material made from the dredged material and steelmaking slag has been proposed. In this study, control of hydrogen sulfide release resulting from changing the hardness of the slag-mixed materials has been examined. Hydrogen sulfide release strongly depends on the hardness of the slag-mixed material. Microbial analysis indicated fewer living bacteria and the relative abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the slag-mixed material compared with the dredged material. The solidification of the dredged material using steelmaking slag decreased not only hydrogen sulfide release but also dissolved iron and manganese release. It is considered that controlling the hardness of the dredged material mixed with steelmaking slag provides an effective means of sulfide release control.
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Miki, Osamu ; Nagai, Taichi ; Marzuki, Mawardi ; Okumura, Chikako ; Kosugi, Chika ; Kato, Toshiaki
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To aid in the restoration of coastal barren ground areas, it is important to clarify the effects of chelated iron on the
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growth of seaweed. In particular, for the further development of practical methods to promote seaweed growth, Fe-binding organic ligands, such as humic substances (HSs) composed of humus materials, rather than Fe-binding inorganic ligands, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), should be investigated. In this study, the effects of an Fe fertilizer, made from HSs and steelmaking slag, on the growth of the brown alga Sargassum horneri at the germling and immature stages were examined. The addition of the Fe fertilizer eluate containing Fe organic ligand complexes clearly promoted the growth of S. horneri at the germling and immature stages. It was also clear that the effect of Fe concentration in the Fe fertilizer eluate on the growth rate was almost the same as that of Fe–EDTA. Moreover, the addition of the Fe fertilizer eluate had a great effect on the brown color of S. horneri thalli and promoted the increased content of photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a. Based on these experimental results, the application of the Fe fertilizer containing Fe organic ligand complexes is expected to become an effective method for the restoration of the barren ground phenomenon in Fe-deficient coastal areas. © 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht<br />Embargo Period 12 months
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Miki, Osamu ; Okumura, Chikako ; Marzuki, Mawardi ; Tujimura, Yusuke ; Fujii, Takahito ; Kosugi, Chika ; Kato, Toshiaki
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The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Figure 7 was incorrect. The correct Figure is given below: (Figure presented). © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.<br />Embargo Period 12 months
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植木, 知佳 ; 加藤, 敏朗 ; 三木, 理 ; Ueki, Chika ; Kato, Toshiaki ; Miki, Osamu
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金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />Discoloration of nori, Porphyrayezoensis, is a terrible economic problem for the fisheries. One of t
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he reasons for the discoloration of nori is suggested the decreasing concentrations of nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus. The red tide by some diatom, rainfall, and so on cause the bad balance of water quality. Recently, it was showed that iron is important for the color maintenance of nori. Sea desertification, isoyake. can be seen in some Japanese coastlines. It is suggested that one of the reasons for this phenomenon is the decreasing concentrations of nutrients and iron. Against this backdrop, the fertilizer has been produced using steel-making slag and humus soil, which can stably supply iron and some nutrients. We have demonstrated the effect of the fertilizer on algal growth in Japan. In this study, we studied the effect of the fertilizer to the growth of nori by the mesocosm experiment Both of experimental tanks for the mesocosm were set up nori-meshes. and 60 kg fertilizer in one side, while the other tank was no fertilizer as a control. We surveyed the concentration of nutrients and trace metals, and the growth of nori. As a result, in the fertilizer containig tank the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron were raised, in brief the nutrients and iron eluted from the fertilizer. And only in the fertilizer containig tank, nori grew up over 10 cm in length. On the other hand, we could not identify the growth of nori by visual observation in the control tank, fertilizer not containing tank.
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| 7.
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加藤, 敏朗 ; 竹内, りさ ; 小野, 芳朗 ; 三木, 理 ; Kato, Toshiaki ; Takeuchi, Risa ; Miki, Osamu
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金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />Two ELISA methods were investigated for the quantitative detection of viability and infectivity of C
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ryptosporidium parvum oocysts. One is to detect the sporozoites attached to the cell surface, and another is to detect the oocysts developing in host cell. It was thought that the former method, named “Fixed-cell” ELISA, could assess the viability of oocysts, and the latter method, named “Living-cell” ELISA, could assess the infectivity of oocysts. In both ELISA systems, the resulting optical density was related to the number of oocysts inoculated. Inactivation of oocyst by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was evaluated using these two ELISA systems. One-log reduction in infectivity of oocysts was achieved by 10 mW·s·cm-2 of UV irradiation. At this UV dose, no reduction in viability determined by “Fixed-cell” ELISA was observed.
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| 8.
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三木, 理 ; 加藤, 敏朗 ; 楠井, 隆史 ; Miki, Osamu ; Kato, Toshiaki ; Kusui, Takashi
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金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />The use of steelmaking slag as a recycled material is being progressed in coastal waters for marine
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environment improvement, by exploiting the characteristics of steelmaking slag. However, regarding its use in coastal waters, there are as yet no criteria for determining which bioassay should be used for assessing its effect on marine organisms. As a method of voluntary quality control of steelmaking slag, we selected a suitable battery of bioassays. The acute toxicity of steelmaking slag leachate on a copepod (Tigriopus japonicus) and a luminescent bacterium (Vibrio fischeri) was evaluated. As a result of the bioassay tests on some types of steelmaking slag, the leachate from the steelmaking slag with the pH preadjustment carbonation process showed smaller pH increases and no inhibitory effect on the marine organisms evaluated. On the other hand, the leachate from the steelmaking slag without carbonation showed an inhibitory effect on both organisms, as shown by an increase in its pH up to 12. This inhibitory effect was observed only in T. japonicus even when the pH was reduced to 8. The inhibitory factors of such leachate on T. japonicus and luminescent V. fischeri were examined. No hazardous substances were detected in the leachate. However, the calcium and magnesium concentrations of the leachate markedly changed compared with those of seawater. When the calcium concentration of the leachate was adjusted to that of seawater, the inhibitory effect on T. japonicus almost disappeared. Therefore, calcium concentration changes brought about by pH changes were considered to be the main inhibitory factors in the leachate. When bioassays with marine organisms are used to evaluate a recycled material such as steelmaking slag, the calcium and magnesium concentrations of the leachate should be carefully considered.
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| 9.
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三木, 理 ; 加藤, 敏朗 ; 伊藤, 公夫 ; 実原, 幾雄 ; Miki, Osamu ; Kato, Toshiaki ; Ito, Kimio ; Jitsuhara, Ikuo
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金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />The iron-oxidizing bacterium, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, is not halotolerant and cannot oxidize ferr
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ous ions (Fe2+) to ferric ions (Fe3+) in electroplating wastewater containing high concentrations of chlorine ions. T. ferrooxidans cannot be used for the treatment of such electroplating wastewater. The acclimation of iron-oxidizing halotolerant bacteria has been studied to treat electroplating wastewater containing ferrous ions and a high concentration of chlorine ions. Iron-oxidizing bacteria that are halotolerant and able to oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+ were obtained from the activated sludge of a steel works coke-oven wastewater treatment plant. A long-term experiment using artificial wastewater containing 20,000 mg · l-1 chlorine ions showed the stable performance of the Fe2+ oxidation ability by iron-oxidizing bacteria acclimated to seawater. It seems that the acclimated iron-oxidizing bacteria can be used for the treatment of electroplating wastewater. An analysis of genomic DNA extracted from the acclimated sludge of the reactor showed the existence of an analog of the iron-oxidizing bacterium, Thiobacillus prosperus.
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| 10.
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三木, 理 ; 加藤, 敏朗 ; 堤, 直人 ; Miki, Osamu ; Kato, Toshiaki ; Tsutsumi, Naoto
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金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />The control of phosphorus release from eutropHicated coastal sediment by a carbonated steelmaking sl
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ag was examined. Batch experiments showed the following. Without slag addition, the pH, DO and ORP of seawater easily decreased with the progress of coastal sediment corruption. Moreover, phosphorus release from coastal sediment occurred rapidly. On the other hand, with steelmaking slag addition, the decreases in pH and DO were inhibited and the high ORP values of seawater were maintained. Phosphorus release from coastal sediment was clearly inhibited by slag addition. Even when the carbonated steelmaking slag was compared with sand, phosphorus release from coastal sediment was further improved. In the mechanism of phosphorus release control through steelmaking slag addition, it was considered that a carbonated steelmaking slag promotes calcium hydroxyapatite (HAP) generation induced by the high Ca2+ concentration of seawater. Furthermore, continuous experiments for more than 300 days showed that pH control and phosphorus release control from coastal sediment by carbonated steelmaking slag addition were maintained for a long term.
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