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Oka, Rie ; Yamada, Takayoshi ; Nakanishi, Chiaki ; Konno, Tetsuo ; Kawashiri, Masa-aki ; Hayashi, Kenshi ; Nohara, Atsushi ; Inazu, Akihiro ; Yamagishi, Masakazu ; 大家, 理恵 ; 八木, 邦公 ; 今野, 哲雄 ; 川尻, 剛照 ; 林, 研至 ; 野原, 淳 ; 稲津, 明広 ; 山岸, 正和
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Aim: The commonly observed relationship between increased visceral adiposity and metabolic abnormali
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ties may be partly mediated by a concomitant increase in liver fat content. We evaluated the independent association between the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as a surrogate marker of the liver fat content and the incidence of metabolic abnormalities after adjusting for the amount of visceral adipose tissue (AT). Methods: The subjects included 1,118 Japanese individuals (44% women) who underwent computed tomography to assess the amount of visceral AT on medical checkups. Cross-sectional associations between the serum ALT, visceral AT and metabolic risk factors were examined. Results: The ALT level and visceral AT were found to show a significant correlation (r =0.41 in men and r =0.36 in women, p<0.001). In a multivariable linear regression analysis, the ALT level and visceral AT were found to be independently associated with blood pressure in men and triglycerides and 2-hour post-challenge glucose in both genders (p<0.01), whereas only visceral AT was found to be associated with HDL-cholesterol (p<0.01). When the participants were classified into four subgroups based on the 75th percentiles of ALT and visceral AT, the low-ALT/high-visceral AT group, but not the high-ALT/low-visceral AT group, had a significantly higher odds ratio for low HDL-cholesterol among both genders (p<0.05) and for hypertriglyceridemia in men only (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the high-ALT/low-visceral AT group, but not the low-ALT/high-visceral AT group, had a significantly higher odds ratio for IGT among women (p<0.05). Conclusions: Although the ALT level and visceral AT were found to be independently associated with most metabolic risk factors, visceral AT had a dominant association with dyslipidemia in both genders, while the ALT level appeared to have a closer association with IGT in women.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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Demura, Shinichi ; Yamada, Takayoshi
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金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系<br />Dynamic balance ability related to maintaining postural stability during movement is closely tied
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to fall risk in the elderly. The functional reach (FR) test has been developed to evaluate their dynamic balance. Although a simple and new FR test using an elastic stick has been proposed by modifying the above original FR test, the abilities related to both FR tests are judged to differ because of the large difference in the testing method. This study aimed to compare center of gravity fluctuation, muscle activity and functional reach distance as measured by the original FR test and the elastic stick FR test. First, reach distance, back/forth and right/left moving distance of the center of gravity, and activity of the lower leg muscles (soleus and tibialis anterior) were compared between both tests based on data obtained from 30 young male adults. All parameters except for the right/left moving distance were significantly larger in the elastic stick FR test. Next, the reach distance was examined in both FR tests using 53 elderly subjects; it was significantly longer in the elastic stick FR test, but showed no significant sex difference. The reach distance in both tests was significantly shorter (about 7 cm) in the elderly than in young adults. In conclusion, the elastic stick FR test involves greater leg muscle strength exertion and forward transferring of the center of gravity as compared with the original FR test. Because the elastic stick FR test relates largely to leg muscle function and equilibrium function, it may be more useful for evaluating the dynamic balance ability of the elderly. © 2007 Tohoku University Medical Press.
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Demura, Shinichi ; Yamada, Takayoshi ; Yamaji, Shunsuke ; Komatsu, Miho ; Morishita, Koji
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金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系<br />Fukui National College of Technology<br />Objectives:L-ornithine has an important role in ammonia
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metabolism via the urea cycle. This study aimed to examine the effect of L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion on performance during incremental exhaustive ergometer bicycle exercise and ammonia metabolism during and after exercise.Subjects/Methods:In all, 14 healthy young adults (age: 22.2±1.0 years, height: 173.5±4.6 cm, body mass: 72.512.5 kg) who trained regularly conducted incremental exhaustive ergometer bicycle exercises after-ornithine hydrochloride supplementation (0.1 g/kg, body mass) and placebo conditions with a cross-over design. The exercise time (sec) of the incremental ergometer exercise, exercise intensity at exhaustion (watt), maximal oxygen uptake (ml per kg per min), maximal heart rate (beats per min) and the following serum parameters were measured before ingestion, 1 h after ingestion, just after exhaustion and 15 min after exhaustion: ornithine, ammonia, urea, lactic acid and glutamate. All indices on maximal aerobic capacity showed insignificant differences between both the conditions.Results:Plasma ammonia concentrations just after exhaustion and at 15 min after exhaustion were significantly more with ornithine ingestion than with placebo. Plasma glutamate concentrations were significantly higher after exhaustion with ornithine ingestion than with placebo.Conclusions:It was suggested that, although the ingestion of L-ornithine hydrochloride before the exercise cannot be expected to improve performance, it does increase the ability to buffer ammonia, both during and after exercise. © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved.
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Demura, Shinichi ; Yamada, Takayoshi ; Shin, Sohee
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系<br />Aim: This study aimed to examine sex and age differences of various stepping movements in the elde
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rly and to clarify useful stepping movements for evaluation of their dynamic balance. Methods: Two hundred and eighty-six healthy elderly subjects who could walk independently (male mean age = 71.2 ± 7.1 years; female mean age = 71.5 ± 6.0) performed the following stepping tests: back and forth; up and down with a 5 cm tall step; and in-place stepping matching three tempos (44, 66 and 132 b.p.m.). Step number, single and double support times in the former two stepping tests, and time difference between metronome sound and grounding time in the latter tempo stepping tests were selected as evaluation parameters. Results: An insignificant sex difference was found in all parameters. Hence, the data of men and women was pooled to examine age differences. Significant age differences were found in the step number and double support time of back and forth and up and down stepping tests and in the time difference of three tempo stepping tests. The step number in younger age groups and the support times in older age groups tended to be larger. Conclusion: No sex difference was found in evaluation parameters of all stepping tests, and all parameters tended to be superior in the younger elderly. The elderly experienced more difficulty matching slow tempos than fast tempos in the in-place stepping test. The back and forth, up and down and in-place matching tempo stepping tests may be useful for evaluating dynamic balance ability of the elderly. © 2008 Japan Geriatrics Society.
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Kitabayashi, Tamotsu ; Demura, Shinichi ; Noda, Masahiro ; Yamada, Takayoshi
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金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系<br />This study aimed to examine gender differences in 4 body-sway factors of the center of foot pressu
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re (CFP) during a static upright posture and the influence of alcohol intake on them. Four body-sway factors were interpreted in previous studies using factor analysis (the principal factor method and oblique solution by promax-rotation) on 220 healthy young males and females as follows ; unit time sway, front-back sway, left-right sway and high frequency band power. The CFP measurement for 1 min was carried out twice with 1 min rest. The measurements of blood pressure, heart rate, whole body reaction time, standing on one leg with eyes closed, and CFP were carried out before and after the alcohol intake using 11 healthy young males and females. The measurement device used was an Anima's stabilometer G5500. The data sampling frequency was 20 Hz. Reliability of 4 body-sway factors was very high. Significant gender differences were found in the left-right sway and the high frequency band power factors, but the influence on body-sway is, as a whole, can be disregarded. These four sway factors can determine the influence of alcohol intake as efficient as 32 sway parameters.
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Demura, Shinichi ; Yamaji, Shunsuke ; Kitabashi, Tamotsu ; Yamada, Takayoshi ; Uchiyama, Masanobu
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金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系<br />This study aimed to examine the effects of room temperature and body position changes on cerebral
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blood volume, blood pressure and center-of-foot pressure (COP). Cerebral oxygenation kinetics and blood pressure were measured by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and volume-compensation, respectively, in 9 males and 9 females after rapid standing from sitting and supine positions in low (12℃) or normal (22℃) room temperatures. COP was also measured in a static standing posture for 90s after rapid standing. The total hemoglobin (Hb) decreased just after standing. Blood pressure after standing at normal temperature tended to decrease immediately but at low temperature tended to decrease slightly and then to increase greatly. The decreasing ratio of total Hb and blood pressure upon standing from a supine position at normal room temperatures was the largest of any condition. Total Hb recovered to a fixed level approximately 25sec after standing from a sitting position and approximately 35sec after standing from a supine position. All COP parameters after standing tended to change markedly in the supine position compared to the sitting position, especially at normal temperatures. The COP parameters after standing in any condition were not significantly related to the decreasing ratio of total Hb but were related to the recovery time of total Hb after standing. In conclusion, decreasing ratios of total Hb and blood pressure after standing from a supine position at normal temperatures were large and may affect body sway.
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| 7.
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Demura, Shinichi ; Yamaji, Shunsuke ; Yamada, Takayoshi
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金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系<br />福井大学医学部<br />The purpose of this study was to compare oxygenation kinetics measured by slightly di
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fferent placements of a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) probe during sustained isometric gripping. Oxygenation kinetics of sixteen young adult males was measured with two NIRS probes attached to the flexor carpiradialis muscle during gripping for 3 min. One probe (channel 1) was attached at one-third the length of a line from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the styloid process of radius. Another probe (channel 2) was attached at the palmaris longus. Although the cross-correlation coefficients for the two probe placements regarding oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb/Mb), deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy-Hb/Mb) and tissue oxygenation saturation (StO2) were low (rxy, 0.119-0.405), Pearson's correlation coefficients for the times to reach almost steady state for these parameters were very high (oxy-Hb/Mb, r=0.878; deoxy-Hb/Mb, r=0.769; StO2, r=0.843; p<0.05). The difference of oxygenation kinetics between the probe placements may reflect the difference of fiber recruitment characteristics in the flexion muscle group. In conclusion, to obtain a stable measurement, it is important that the NIRS probe is placed at the same anatomical point. © Springer-Verlag Italia 2007.
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| 8.
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Demura, Shinichi ; Yamada, Takayoshi ; Kasuga, Kosho
概要:
Many elderly people experience difficulty with independent living after injuries associated with falls. This study aimed
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to examine the influence of fall characteristics and physical function level on the severity of fall related injuries. The surveys were conducted in 1955 community dwelling elderly. The questions regarded the following: fall experience within the past year, fall direction, fall cause, injured parts and degree of injury, and an activity of daily living (ADL) questionnaire from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Japan. Data of 1850 subjects with available and complete responses were used for analysis. Three hundred and eighty-six (20.9%) elderly people experienced a fall within the past year and 257 (66.7%) were injured. ADL score was significantly higher in the elderly without fall experience than the elderly with fall experience. No significant difference was found in frequency of fall cause and fall direction between the elderly with and without injuries caused by falling. Significant correlations were found between fall direction and fall cause and injured parts (φ=. 0.49 and 0.32). ADL score of the elderly who fell by leg backlash was significantly lower than that of the elderly who fell by tripping, slipping and staggering. A decrease of ADL affects the rate of falls in the elderly, but not the degree of injury. Fall characteristics may not be related to the extent of fall injury. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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| 9.
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Demura, Shinichi ; Morishita, Koji ; Yamada, Takayoshi ; Yamaji, Shunsuke ; Komatsu, Miho
概要:
L-Ornithine plays an important role in ammonia metabolism via the urea cycle. This study aimed to examine the eVect of L
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-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion on ammonia metabolism and performance after intermittent maximal anaerobic cycle ergometer exercise. Ten healthy young adults (age, 23.8 ± 3.9 year; height, 172.3 ± 5.5 cm; body mass, 67.7 ± 6.1 kg) with regular training experience ingested L-ornithine hydrochloride (0.1 g/kg, body mass) or placebo after 30 s of maximal cycling exercise. Five sets of the same maximal cycling exercise were conducted 60 min after ingestion, and maximal cycling exercise was conducted after a 15 min rest. The intensity of cycling exercise was based on each subject's body mass (0.74 N kg -1). Work volume (watt), peak rpm (rpm) before and after intermittent maximal ergometer exercise and the following serum parameters were measured before ingestion, immediately after exercise and 15 min after exercise: ornithine, ammonia, urea, lactic acid and glutamate. Peak rpm was signiWcantly greater with L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion than with placebo ingestion. Serum ornithine level was signiWcantly greater with L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion than with placebo ingestion immediately and 15 min after intermittent maximal cycle ergometer exercise. In conclusion, although maximal anaerobic performance may be improved by L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion before intermittent maximal anaerobic cycle ergometer exercise, the above may not depend on increase of ammonia metabolism with L-ornithine hydrochloride. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
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| 10.
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Demura, Shinichi ; Yamada, Takayoshi ; Kasuga, Kosho
概要:
Many elderly people experience difficulty with independent living after injuries associated with falls. This study aimed
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to examine the influence of fall characteristics and physical function level on the severity of fall related injuries. The surveys were conducted in 1955 community dwelling elderly. The questions regarded the following: fall experience within the past year, fall direction, fall cause, injured parts and degree of injury, and an activity of daily living (ADL) questionnaire from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Japan. Data of 1850 subjects with available and complete responses were used for analysis. Three hundred and eighty-six (20.9%) elderly people experienced a fall within the past year and 257 (66.7%) were injured. ADL score was significantly higher in the elderly without fall experience than the elderly with fall experience. No significant difference was found in frequency of fall cause and fall direction between the elderly with and without injuries caused by falling. Significant correlations were found between fall direction and fall cause and injured parts (φ = 0.49 and 0.32). ADL score of the elderly who fell by leg backlash was significantly lower than that of the elderly who fell by tripping, slipping and staggering. A decrease of ADL affects the rate of falls in the elderly, but not the degree of injury. Fall characteristics may not be related to the extent of fall injury. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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