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| 1.
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Tanaka, Gengo ; 田中, 源吾
概要:
Sanyuania cuneata Zhao & Whatley, 1992 was reported initially from Late Pleistocene core samples from the northern part
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of the Yellow Sea and Recent sediments collected from supra tidal pools (17 practical salinity unit (psu)) in Xiangshangang Bay, East China Sea (Zhao & Whatley, 1992). Later, specimens were discovered, but not identified, in Lake Nakaumi, Shimane Prefecture, SW Japan (Fig. 1) (as Cytheridae gen. et. sp. indet. by Tanaka et al. (1998) and Sanyuania sp. by Seto et al. (1999)). Further examination of these Japanese specimens has clarified that they are conspecific with the Chinese specimens. This has provided an opportunity to review the distribution (Fig. 1) and potential environmental significance of Sanyuania cuneata and, for the first time, to describe its appendages (Fig. 2).Specimens figured herein were recovered from Lake Nakaumi (35°26′ 50″ N, 133°07′50″ E) at a depth of 0.3–6.0 m and salinity of 8–17 psu on 9 September 1998. The surface of the sediment was covered by the byssus of the mussel Musculista senhousia (Benson, 1842).Sanyuania cuneata is probably endemic to the East China Sea and the southwestern part of the Sea of Japan and is a potentially useful palaeoenvironmental indicator of brackish (steno-haline) environments in the area. By using the oxygen isotopic data from planktonic foraminifers and the estimated value of salinity flowing into the Japan Sea, Matsui et al. (1998) approximated that the salinity of the surface water of Japan Sea declined to about 20 psu during the Last Glacial Maximum . . .
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| 2.
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脇元, 理恵 ; 田崎, 和江 ; Wakimoto, Rie ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />新潟県月岡温泉は,原油と共に噴出したpH7.3,Eh-184mV,49.2℃の化石海水型の温泉で,その源泉井戸には黒色の原油と緑色バイオマットが存在する.このバイオマット中には糸状細菌および球菌
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が存在し,銅藍(covellite; CuS)の鉱物化が認められた.銅藍の構成元素であるCuは原油に由来している.SEM観察により,油滴表面での糸状細菌のコロニー形成および溶菌作用によるバイオフィルムの形成が認められ,さらに,その表面に銅藍の結晶化が認められた.微生物の培養実験により,バイオマット中には石油分解菌である糸状細菌と硫酸還元菌である球菌が同定された.さらに,有機結合およびリン脂質分析により,バイオマット中のリン脂質,特に,界面活性作用を持つレシチンおよびリン酸エステルの存在が明らかになった.また,糸状細菌は二重膜および細胞外多糖類(EPS)を持ち,リン脂質はこの部分に含まれると考えられる.糸状細菌はバイオマット表面に付着した油滴を栄養源とし,球菌が生成した硫酸塩を電子授与体として代謝を行い,溶菌後,バイオフィルムを形成する.油滴中のCuは温泉水中に溶出し,中性で還元的な環境下において銅藍の結晶を形成する.すなわち,本研究において,石油分解菌の細胞膜およびEPSの有機界面活性作用と硫酸還元菌による水質の還元化が,油滴表面での銅藍の形成に重要な役割を果たしていることが明らかになった.この結果は,土壌および地下水圏の石油汚染地域における石油の分解・除去メカニズムの解明の糸口となると考えられる.<br />The inner wall of the Tsukioka hot spring well was covered with green microbial mats which contained black crude oil. The hot spring is located in Tsukioka, Niigata, Japan. The hot spring water (pH 7.3, Eh -184 mV and 49.2℃) that was produced from a 280m in depth originated from fossil seawater. The aim of this study was to investigate of covellite biomineralization in the green microbial mats with crude oil from the Tsukioka hot spring water. Observations by optical and electron microscopy, phospholipid analysis and bacterial cultivation showed that the biomineralization of covellite (CuS) was found on the surface of crude oil droplets. ED-XRF analysis showed that the crude oil contained SO3 (67.6wt%), CaO (24.8wt%) and Cu2O (2.6wt%). Observations by optical and epifluorescence microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that two morphological types of bacteria (i.e., filamentous and coccus typed bacteria) were found on crude oil droplets. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observations further revealed that the cell wall of the filamentous bacteria had a double membrane and was surrounded by Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS), which might provide the favorable nucleation sites for CuS. X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction analyses of the microbial mats showed that the materials precipitated on the surface of the oil droplets were highly crystallized covellite (CuS). FT-IR spectra of the microbial mats that contained covellite showed the appearance of C-N-H, P=O, P-O-C and N-H bands, indicating the presence of phospholipids (lecithin and phosphoric ester) in the microbial mats. Cultivation experiments, furthermore, demonstrated that the cultivated bacteria were identified as sulfate reducing bacteria (for coccus typed bacteria) and oil decomposing bacteria (for filamentous bacteria). A schematic formation model is here suggested to better understand the interaction between bacterial cells and oil droplets under anaerobic conditions in the Tsukioka hot spring water. The biomineralization of covellite described in this study might have profound implications for bioremediation of oilcontaminated site.
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| 3.
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小林, 昭二 ; 田崎, 和江 ; Kobayashi, Shoji ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />系統的にDusisiren jordaniとHydrodamalis gigasの間にあるヤマガタダイカイギュウD. dewana,アイヅタカサトカイギュウD. takasatensis,タキカ
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ワカイギュウH. spissa等をふくむヒドロダマリス亜科の下顎(咀嚼),頭の背屈・側屈,脊柱運動機能の変化について,骨格の観察と現生の海牛(ジュゴンとマナティー)の筋学的な知見をもとに考察を試み,次の結果を得た.1)後期中新世のD. takasatensisとD. dewanaでは歯が小さくなった後,翼状突起腹側部が広がり,下顎骨の吻部咀嚼面が狭い長方形となることから下顎骨を動かし吻部で餌をはさむ力が増したと考えられる.歯を欠如した鮮新世のH. spissaではそれがさらに強くなったと推測される.また側頭稜の発達から鮮新世のH. cuestae, H. spissaでは側頭筋の力が現世のH. gigas以上に強いと考えられる.2)鱗状骨外側部,上後頭骨・外後頭骨背外側縁の形状比較から,後期中新世のD. jordaniのように板状筋が発達する傾向はD. takasatensis, D. dewanaにも認められる.しかし,H. gigasのように板状筋より頭半棘筋の発達が目立つのはすでにH. spissaから認められる.3) D. dewanaとD. takasatensisはほぼ同じ大きさの頭蓋をもつが,鱗状骨外側部,上後頭骨・外後頭骨背外側縁の形状の差異から,D. takasatensisが頭の背屈・側屈がより強く,頭の可動範囲も広いと考えられる.4)ヒドロダマリス亜科は中位胸椎の棘突起が低いことから,最長筋などの軸上筋の発達が弱く,脊柱を背屈させる力もジュゴンの場合より弱い,特にH. spissaで顕著であると考えられる.ヒドロダマリス亜科は水流エネルギーのあまり強くない環境に穏やかな脊柱の動きで生息していたと推測できる.<br />Evolutional change in function of the jaw, mobility of the neck and the vertebral column in Hydrodamalinae is examined on the basis of the fossil skeleton, the myological and osteological knowledge of living sirenians. In Dusisiren dewana, Dusisiren takasatensis and Hydrodamalis spissa, the holding function of their rostra probably had been developed like Hydrodamalis gigas, because they had a mandibular masticating surface which is narrow and rectangular in outline, ventrally broadened pterygoid process that attached the pterygoid muscles. In D. dewana and D. takasatensis, the splenius muscles may have been developed like Dusisiren jordani, but in H. spissa, the semispinalis capitis muscle may have been more developed than the splenius muscle like H. gigas. D. takasatensis has some other features, longer sigmoid ridge of squamosal, larger occipital condyle and occipitosphenoidal eminence, and thicker lateral flange of exoccipital than those of D. dewana. Therefore, there is a possibility that in D. takasatensis the neck force for raising and depressing the head had been strengthened by the developed splenius, semispinalis capitis and longus capitis muscles. The low spinous process of the middle part of the thoracic vertebrae in Hydrodamalinae indicates that the epaxial muscles (longissimus dorsi and transversospinalis muscles) are less developed, and therefore that the mobilities of the vertebral column are gentle. They might have been swimming in the calm environment.
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| 4.
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Fujimura, Takashi ; Ohta, Tetsuo ; Oyama, Katsunobu ; Miyashita, Tomoharu ; Miwa, Koichi ; 藤村, 隆 ; 太田, 哲生 ; 尾山, 勝信 ; 宮下, 知治 ; 三輪, 晃一
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors (coxibs) were developed as one of the anti-inflammatory
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drugs to avoid the various side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, coxibs also have an ability to inhibit tumor development of various kinds the same way that NSAIDs do. Many experimental studies using cell lines and animal models demonstrated an ability to prevent tumor proliferation of COX-2 inhibitors. After performing a randomized study for polyp chemoprevention study in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), which showed that the treatment with celecoxib, one of the coxibs, significantly reduced the number of colorectal polyps in 2000, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) immediately approved the clinical use of celecoxib for FAP patients. However, some coxibs were recently reported to increase the risk of serious cardiovascular events including heart attack and stroke. In this article we review a role of COX-2 in carcinogenesis of gastrointestinal tract, such as the esophagus, stomach and colorectum, and also analyze the prospect of coxibs for chemoprevention of gastrointestinal tract tumors. © 2006 The WJG Press. All rights reserved.
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| 5.
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石渡, 明 ; 小泉, 一人 ; 市山, 祐司 ; 柳田, 祐樹 ; 町, 澄秋 ; Ishiwatari, Akira ; Koizumi, Kazuto ; Ichiyama, Yuji ; Yanagida, Yuki ; Machi, Sumiaki
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金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系
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山本, 真也 ; 長谷川, 卓 ; Yamamoto, Shinya ; Hasegawa, Takashi
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系<br />北海道穂別北部地域のMiddle-Upper Turonian亜階で，国際的に年代指標性のある浮遊性有孔虫が連続的に産出し，重要な浮遊性有孔虫帯境界であるHelvetoglobotruncana
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helvetica帯上限の層序学的位置を推定することができた．更に，国際的に同種と共産するとされている浮遊性有孔虫３種との共産が確認され，鍛冶屋の沢ルートの上部がほぼH. helvetica帯最上部であることが明らかになった．同ルートの炭素同位体比の変動は，汎世界的なMiddle-Upper Turonian亜階の変動と調和的であり，浮遊性有孔虫層序から推定された年代を支持する.また，Middle Turonian亜階でArchaeoglobigerina属がH. helveticaと共産することから，同属の初出現の時期は従来の知見より古いことが示された．<br />Continuous occurrence of international planktonic foraminiferal index species was recognized in the Middle to Upper Turonian successions in the Hobetsu area, Hokkaido, Japan. It enables us to assume the stratigraphic position of the upper limit of the Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica Zone, an important planktonic foraminiferal zonal boundary. Helvetoglobotruncana praehelvetica, Marginotruncana pseudolinneiana, and Praeglobotruncana gibba, which are also internationally recognizable species, occur associated with Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica. This association indicates that stratigraphic top of the Kajiyanosawa route should be assigned to close to the top of the total range of Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica. Correlation of the carbon isotope fluctuation through the Kajiyanosawa route with that of well-studied sections supports our chronostratigraphic interpretation from planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphyConcurrence of genus Archaeoglobigerina with Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica in the Middle Turonian of this area demonstrates that the timing of the first appearance of Archaeoglobigerina is older than previous known.
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吉田, 晶 ; 安達, 正明 ; 天野, 原成 ; Yoshita, Akira ; Adachi, Masaaki ; Asano, Motonari
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金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />豆腐をはじめとするゲル状物質内部の凝固状態を非接触，非破壊的に計測する手法の開発を目的としている．レーザをゲル状物質に照射するとスペックルパターンが得られる．本研究では，スペックルパターンの時間的また
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は空間的変化を用いて凝固状態の違いを捉えることが課題である.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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| 8.
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古本, 達明 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 細川, 晃 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; 嵐, 友哉 ; 杉原, 成良 ; 和賀, 正明 ; 今野, 明 ; Furumoto, Tatsuaki ; Ueda, Takashi ; Hosokawa, Akira ; Tanaka, Ryutaro ; Arashi, Tomoya ; Sugihara, Nariyoshi ; Waga, Masaaki ; Konno, Akira
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />In dental treatment with Nd:YAG laser, the laser beam which ordinarily comes out from the optical fi
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ber is effective to eliminate the enamel and the dentin. A diffused and circumferential laser beam, which is produced by using a processed optical fiber at the tip, is effective for the treatment of soft tissue. In this report, the processing characteristics of the enamel and the dentin by the titanium–processed fiber (TP fiber) are investigated. On the cavity made in the enamel and the dentin, the volume and maximum depth are measured by a 3D surface profiling system and compared with that of the non–processed fiber. Furthermore, the cavity of the enamel made by Nd:YAG laser beam are observed by the high–speed video camera. 本研究は,Nd:YAGレーザを用いた高度歯科治療の実現を目的として行っている.これまで,ファイバ先端を酸化チタン粉末で加工してレーザ直進光を減衰させ,360度全方位にレーザ照射を行う手法を提案した.そして,加工条件の検討により先端のエネルギ分布が調整可能なことを示した.本報告では,先端加工ファイバを用いた歯質の窩洞形成特性を調べると共に,その歯質表面を高速度カメラで撮影した内容について考察する.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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関, 啓明 ; 城殿, 千生 ; 黒田, 成人 ; 神谷, 好承 ; 疋津, 正利 ; Seki, Hiroaki ; Seki, Kazuo ; Kuroda, Narito ; Kamiya, Yoshitsugu ; Hikizu, Masatoshi
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />人の動きをモニタする時、従来のセンサは重い、取り付け難い、不快感を与える等の問題がある。最近発明された感圧導電繊維は衣服に埋め込められる柔軟なセンサとして有望である。これを利用したセンサを開発する前に
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、本研究ではこの繊維の基礎特性を詳細に調べている。張力により電気抵抗が下がる性質を持つが精度はあまり良くない。今回、弾性糸を混紡することで特性が向上する事が分った。また、動的な特性についても調べた。<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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岩松, 佳代 ; 沖津, 進 ; Iwamatsu, Kayo ; Okitsu, Susumu
概要:
Polygonum weyrichii var. alpinum is a dominant species on the alpine gravel deserts of Mt. Fuji, which have wide variati
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ons in soil particle size. To clarify why P . weyrichii can dominate over a wide range of soil particle size, this study compares the root morphology of P . weyrichii growing at two habitats with different soil particle sizes. The study area was divided into two sites based on the soil particle sizes, that is, large scoria site（L-site） and small scoria site（S-site）．The L-site had large scoria layer about 10 cm in depth whereas the S-site only on the surface. The root morphology and the root area were different between the sites. At the L-site, P . weyrichii had abundant coarse adventitious root（≧1 mm in diameter）in the10to20cmlayer.AttheS-site,fineadven-titious root（＜1mm）develops vigorously in the first 10 cm of soil. The large scoria layer is dryer than the sand layer. The expansion of coarse adventitious roots at the L-site was considered to be adaptation for unfavorable environments. The adventitious roots as well as a vertical rhizome are important for growing on the gravel site.
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