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| 1.
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高橋, 直人 ; 田崎, 和江 ; Takahashi, Naoto ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />金沢大学角間2号井戸(深度150m,取水区間深度62〜73m,同78.5〜95m,同106〜138m)では,これまで地下水位・地下水温・電気伝導度の自動観測を行っており, 2007年3月25日に
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発生した能登半島地震前後における10分間隔の詳細な経時変動データを取得することができた.地下水位は,揚水ポンプの停止時に深度31m,稼動時には深度39m程度の値を示した.電気伝導度は,ポンプの停止時に18.2mS/m,稼動時には18.7mS/mの値を示した.季節変動として,夏〜秋にわずかに高く,冬〜春にかけて低くなる現象が見られている.地下水位および電気伝導度については,地震の前後で異常な水位変動は見られなかった.地下水温は,地震時直近のポンプの停止時に12.3℃,稼動時に12.6℃の値を示した.通常地下水温は夏に低く,冬に高い傾向が見られているが,能登半島地震の前約2週間の間,地下水温が約0.5℃高い傾向が継続する現象が見られた.この傾向はポンプの稼動・停止や,気温,通年の季節変動傾向などとは異なるパターンの変動であった.今後は,より震央に近い地域における地下水位・水温・水質の観測記録との照合や,余震にともなう変化の観察などの再検証が必要であるものと考える.<br />The effect on groundwater in Kakuma-No.2-well at Kanazawa University by the Noto Hanto Earthquake struck at 9:41 a.m. 25th March 2007, reported in this study. The groundwater level indicated 39m in depth during operation, whereas the level indicated 31m in depth without operation. The electric conductivity (EC) of the groundwater during operation showed 18.7mS/m, whereas the EC showed 18.2mS/m without operation, using automatic measurement system. The EC tend to be higher in summer-autumn than that of winter-spring, which had not changed the value before and after the earthquake. On the other hand, the groundwater temperature showed 12.6℃ during operation whereas the temperature showed 12.3℃ without operation. The temperature clearly increased 0.5℃ for 2 weeks before the earthquake, and decreased the temperature after the earthquake. The results suggest that the earthquake gave the effect on the groundwater temperature as well. We need comparison with the record collected from the nearest area of epicenter in our future work.
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| 2.
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田崎, 和江 ; 中西, 孝 ; 鈴木, 祐恵 ; 佐藤, 和也 ; 森井, 一誠 ; 鈴木, 健之 ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Nakanishi, Takashi ; Suzuki, Sachie ; Satoh, Kazuya ; Morii, Issei ; Suzuki, Kenji
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />2007年3月25日9時41分にマグニチュウド6.9の激震が石川県能登半島を襲い,舗装道路に大きなダメージを与え,交通網が寸断された.本研究調査団はGMサーベーメータを使用し,車によるカーボーン
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法と徒歩によるハンドボーン法の併用により,能登半島地震災害地の空間β線と舗装道路の亀裂,陥没,隆起,地滑り地帯におけるβ線を測定した.測定日は2007年4月4日から19日の間の4回であり,約240kmの距離を2-4台のGMサーベーメータで,毎回同じルートを往復して測定した.また,地震の被害がなかった金沢市内においても4月12日に測定を行い,災害地と比較した.2007年4月4日8:20に輪島市大沢において2300cpmを記録し,同日の13:20には古和秀水にて1500cpmを記録した.これはともにM3.8,深さ10km,震源地37.2N,136.7E,およびM3.3,比較的浅い震源37.2N,136.5Eの余震に合致した,舗装道路の亀裂,陥没,隆起,液状化の箇所は100-200cpmと高い値を示し,かつ,その場の大気はそれ以下であった.一方,地震被害のなかった金沢市内は40-80cpmと低い値を示した.空間β線計数率分布地図は地震の被害が大きい地域で高く,時間が経過するに従い低下することが明らかになった.<br />The magnitude-6.9 Noto Hanto Earthquake struck at 9 : 41 a.m. 25th March 2007, off the north coast of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. The quake started under the ocean about 30km southwest of Wajima, shaking up Ishikawa, Toyama and Niigata prefectures and killing one person and damaging hundreds of houses. The quake crippled public transportation, traffic network, including highway at Noto Peninsula, because of landslide, subsidence, chasm and cracks. Radon has measured in air and ground fissures using portable natural gamma ray system while the Noto Hanto Earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula, in April 4, 8, 10, 12, and 19th 2007. The car-borne and hand-borne measurement system was assembled for easily and rapidly detecting full features of the fissures buried in the ground, and the applicability of the system was detected in the field, such as geological feature, fault fissure zone, distribution/accumulation of new/old chasm and cracks in the surface layer, and direct earthquake itself. The amount of radon reflects the scale of fissures and an abnormal increase in earthquake and new chasm or cracks. The quite high gammaray of 2300cpm was detected in April 4th 8 : 20 at Ozawa, Monzen, Wazima City, near the fault fissure zone, and 1500cpm was detected in April 4th 13 : 20 at Kowashudo, Monzen, Wajima City. Both high radon counts were due to the earthquake of M 3.8, depth 10km, hypocenter was Noto region 37.2N, 136.7E, and the other earthquake of M 3.3 was relatively shallow depth, hypocenter at Noto offshore 37.2N, 136.5E, respectively. The abnormal increase (100-200cpm) detected at large deep subsidence and new crack on the paved road. For comparison, normal air radon without earthquake counted as low as 40-80cpm. Observation of radon at earthquake region such as Monzen-cho related to radon anomaly to compare with other normal region in Kanazawa City has been studied.
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| 3.
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田崎, 和江 ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系
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田崎, 和江 ; 野村, 正純 ; 馬場, 奈緒子 ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Nomura, Masazumi ; Baba, Naoko
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />2007年3月25日9時41分にマグニチュード6.9の地震が石川県能登半島を襲った.その地震のため1〜2週間電気や水道が止まった.住民は近所の井戸,湧き水,山水を注意深く使用した.なぜならば,地
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震後のそれらの水は,泥などで色が変化し,pHも硫酸イオンのために中性から酸性に変化し飲料不可になった井戸水があったからである.一方,地震から2ヶ月後の6月初旬,石川県七尾市中島町において、亀裂や陥没等々の地下構造の変化のため,海水が水田に浸透し稲が枯れる塩害が発生した.塩害が発生した水田を始め,周辺の用水路,貯水池の水を現地で測定したところ,pH8を示し電気伝導度(EC)も高い値を示した.また,塩害を起こした水田の土壌と稲を蛍光X線分析により定量分析をおこなったところ高濃度の塩素のほか典型的な塩害現象を示すNa,S,Feが高濃度に検出された.<br />The Noto Hanto Earthquake with a magnitude of 6.9 struck off the North coast of Ishikawa Prefecture that occurred at 9 : 41 a.m. on the 25th March 2007. It was an undersea earthquake with an epicentre of about 30km Southwest of Wajima, shaking up the Hokuriku district and cutting electricity and drinking water system for 1-2 weeks. All residents, especially those who are near the hardest hit areas, were advised to use drinking water collected from springs, wells and mountain natural waters with extra caution, because the water had become muddy after the quake. Some of waters were shifted from neutral to acidic pH (pH 5) that was not drinkable due to SO4_2- On the other hand, the rice fields were also damaged by sea salt after 2 months of the earthquake, because of several factors to consider, such as cracks, faults, and subsidence near reservoir water for rice field irrigation at Nakajima-machi, Nanao City, Ishikawa Prefecture at the beginning of June 2007. The field measurements of the pH of the water (pH 8) and high electrical conductivity (EC) suggest that seawater flowed into the rice fields, which agreed with X-ray Fluorescence quantitative analysis, showing high chlorine content. The soil and rice at damaged fields indicated high Na, S, Cl, and Fe contents, showing typical phenomenon of sea-salt damage. Farmers have asked the government for compensation and prevention of the damaged rice fields even after 2-3 months of the earthquake.
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| 5.
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田崎, 和江 ; 馬場, 奈緒子 ; 佐藤, 和也 ; 奥野, 正幸 ; 福士, 圭介 ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Baba, Naoko ; Satoh, Kazuya ; Okuno, Masayuki ; Fukushi, Keisuke
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />2007年3月25日9時41分にマグニチュード6.9の地震が石川県能登半島を襲った.その折,水道が断水し,住民は周囲の井戸水,湧き水,山水を生活水として使用した.その水は地震直後から白色,灰色,
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茶色に濁り,2-3日から2週間続いた.本研究は被害地の住民からの聞き取り調査,現地における水質検査,採水試料を実験室に持ち帰り,蛍光X線分析,イオンクロマト分析,走査型電子顕微鏡観察を行った.地震前は中性であった井戸水が地震後にpH5.4-5.9と酸性になり,かつ, SO4が非常に高くなり飲料不可となった.一方,中性であった温泉水がpH8とアルカリ性に変化し, NaCl含有量が高くなり,海水の浸入を示唆した.また,飲料水の6項目についての検査を行政に依頼したところ, 2箇所の水から基準以上の一般細菌と大腸菌が見つかり飲料不可となった.なお,この検査項目にはpHが含まれていないので,今後,災害時にはいち早く生活水についてpHや集落形成単位(CFU)を含めた水質検査が必要である.さらに,避難所における生活水はノロウィルスなどによる病気と直結しているため,行政による迅速な措置と指導が必要である.<br />The magnitude-6.9 Noto Hanto Earthquake struck at 9:41 a.m. 25th March 2007, off the north coast of Ishikawa Prefecture. The quake started under the ocean about 30 km southwest of Wajima, shaking up Ishikawa, Toyama and Niigata prefectures and cutting electricity and drinking water system to some 160,000 households, killing one person and damaging hundreds of houses. The quake also crippled public transportation, including Noto airport, and cut water to about 9,500 households. All residents, especially those who are near the hardest-hit area, are advised to use drinking water collected from spring, well and mountain natural water with extra caution, because the water got become muddy in white, gray, and brown color after the quake. Some of water changed to acidic pH 5.4-5.9 from neutral pH is not drinkable due to SO4. The legal standard of pH for drinking water is pH 5.8-8.6. The water contained 5-10 times of SO4 higher than standard concentration of SO4, but looking transparent after one week. The field measurements of water pH suggest that high SO4 contents are due to acidic drinking water, agreed with XRF, ion-chromatography, and SEM-EDX analyses. After 3 weeks, water pH 5.9 backed to the normal pH 6.5, but NO3, Ca and Mg contents were still higher than before the quake. We have ordered the government to work, toward securing the citizen's safety and take all possible measures of drinking water to rescue them. The health center office must take care of spring water, well, and mountain natural water to check pH as soon as possible associated with CPU (Colony Forming Unit) check.
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Asano, Tetsuo ; Bose, Prosenjit ; Carmi, Paz ; Maheshwari, Anil ; Shu, Chang ; Smid, Michiel H. M. ; Wuhrer, Stefanie ; 浅野, 哲夫
概要:
金沢大学<br />The distance preserving graph embedding problem is to embed vertices of a given weighted graph into points in
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2-dimensional Euclidean space so that for each edge the distance between their corresponding endpoints is as close to the weight of the edge as possible. If the given graph is complete, that is, if distance constraints are given as a full matrix, then principal coordinate analysis can solve it in polynomial time. A serious disadvantage is its quadratic space requirement. In this paper we develop linear-space algorithms for this problem. A key idea is to partition a set of n objects into disjoint subsets (clusters) of size O(√n) such that the minimum inter cluster distance is maximized among all possible such partitions.<br />CCCG2007 The 19th Canadian Conference on Computational Geometry, August 20-22, 2007
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藤居, 久美子 ; 須釜, 淳子 ; 中谷, 壽男 ; 真田, 弘美 ; 大桑, 麻由美 ; Fujii, Kumiko ; Sugama, Junko ; Nakatani, Toshio ; Sanada, Hiromi ; Okuwa, Mayumi
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />本研究の目的は, 1方向のずれが褥瘡治癒過程にどのような影響を及ぼすのかを明らかにすることである. 方法は, ラット褥瘡モデルを用いて, 圧迫と1方向(尾側方向)のずれを1kgの重りを用いて負荷した
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群(実験群)と圧迫のみを負荷した群(対照群)との治癒過程を肉眼的・組織学的に比較した. 肉眼的所見では実験群には局所の壊死がみられ, 対照群より治癒が遅延した. 組織学的所見では実験群で7, 14日目ともに尾側の筋層の変性が顕著であった. また, 頭側の真皮にうっ血, 出血がみられた. 対照群では, 7日目, 14日目ともに表皮の欠損はなかったが, 中央部の損傷は頭側, 尾側より強かった. 以上より, 1方向のずれと圧迫を負荷した褥瘡では尾側の皮下組織から筋層にかけての変性とそのために引き起こされる頭側の真皮のうっ血によって, 圧迫のみを負荷した褥瘡と比較して, 壊死が形成され, 治癒が遅延することが示唆された.<br />This study aimed to clarify the effects of shear stress towards the caudal side in pressure-induced ischemic wound healing in a rat model. We compared wound healing that produced pressure combined with shear using a 1kg weight (experimental group) with wound healing that produced pressure only (control group). Macroscopic findings showed that the experimental group developed local necrosis and healing was delayed by 1 week compared with the control group. Histological findings showed that necrosis had developed to the muscle layer on the tail side and that hemostasis and bleeding occurred to the dermal layer on the head side in the experimental group over 7 and 14 days. In the control group, the wound was covered by epidermis and muscular degeneration, and necrosis in the middle was more severe than on the head and tail side. These results suggested that wounds produced by pressure and shear formed necrosis and so suffered delayed healing compared with the control group. The reason for these results might be the development of necrosis to the muscle layer on the tail side and hemostasis to the dermal layer on the head side.<br />日本褥瘡学会の許可を得て登録_2021.9.22
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小村, 和久 ; 稲垣, 美幸 ; 西川, 方敏 ; 中西, 孝 ; 早川, 和一 ; 唐, 寧 ; 楊, 小陽 ; 飯田, 孝夫 ; 森泉, 純 ; Komura, Kazuhisa ; Inagaki, Miyuki ; Nishikawa, Katatoshi ; Hayakawa, Kazuichi ; Tang, Ning ; Yang, Xiaoyang ; Iida, Takao ; Moriizumi, Jyun
概要:
金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター<br />Variations of radiation levels before and after the Noto Hanto Earthquake in 2007 have been analy
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zed from the point of view of environmental radioactivity. The 210Pb activities in the airborne particles are collected from Nishi-Futamata in Wajima, are analyzed. The Radon activity at Hegura Island located 50km North of Wajima, and the spatial gamma rays at Nishi-Futamata are measured since April 21, 2007. Abnormal increase of 210Pb activity started 3 weeks before the earthquake are found, suggesting the maximum value just before the earthquake, because it decrease to normal level after 2 weeks. Increase of radon level was not observed at Hegura Island, however, increase of radiation level at Nishi-Futamata area continued for 6 weeks after the earthquake, and settled to normal level in middle of May 2007.<br />環境放射能の観点から能登半島地震発生前後の放射能関連のデータの解析を試みた.解析したのは,輪島市西二又地区で採取した大気浮遊塵中の210Pb,輪島沖50kmに位置する舳倉島のラドン濃度,地震発生後の4月21日から西二又地区で連続測定を実施した空間γ線レベルの3項目である.その結果,地震発生約3週間前から大気浮遊塵試料のラドンの娘核種210Pbの濃度が増加し,地震直前にピークに達した後に低下に転じ,約2週間後にほぼ平常値に回復していたことが分かった.舳倉島のラドンには地震の影響は見られなかったが,西二又における空間γ線レベルはラドンに由来すると考えれる高い値が約6週間後も続き5月中頃に平常値に戻ったことが明らかになった.
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山田, 茂昭 ; 松田, 博貴 ; 大村, 明雄 ; Yamada, Shigeaki ; Matsuda, Hideaki ; Omura, Akio
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系<br />This study provides new uranium-series dates of the Ryukyu Group in Ishigaki-jima Island, South R
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yukyu Arc (SRA). Two fossil hermatypic coral samples taken from coral limestone in the northern and southern parts of the island were dated as 118.5±2.0 ka and 119.9±2.0 ka, respectively, which correlates to oxygen isotope stage 5.5. This fact suggests that a reef complex was formed during isotope stage 5.5 in Ishigaki-jima Island, just like in Hateruma-jima and Yonaguni-jima Islands, SRA. The dated coral in the northern part was collected at an elevation of 1.3 m. It is, therefore, inferred that the northern part of the island was tectonically stable since isotope stage 5.5. On the other hand, the dated corals in the southern part was collected at an elevation of 15 m, which indicated that the southern part of Ishigaki-jima has been uplifted at rate of about 0.10 m/ky since isotope stage 5.5. Our data clearly show that the western part of SRA has been situated in the tectonic setting of uprift for the last 125 ky.<br />Uranium-series dates of fossil hermatypic corals in Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa Prefecture, and their significance
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Tatsukawa, Sanae ; Mikage, Masayuki ; 御影, 雅幸
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系<br />漢薬 「木通」 は， 日局でその基源がアケビ科のアケビ又はミツバアケビの蔓性の茎であると規定され， わが国での国内需要のすべては国内野生品でまかなわれている。 日本に分布する本属植物は主にアケビ， ミ
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ツバアケビ及びこれらの雑種とされているゴヨウアケビの 3 分類群であるが， 生薬について種の区別はなされておらず， ゴヨウアケビ由来のものも流通している可能性が高い。 また， アケビとミツバアケビについて薬理作用や成分に差が認められ， 同属植物内でも種による使い分けの必要性が示唆されている。 しかし， 日本産については生薬の形態から原植物の鑑別は不可能であるとされてきた。 そこで， 日本産本属植物3分類群の木質茎の形態学的特徴を検討し， 市場品の基源鑑別法の確立を試みた。 その結果， 木質茎表面の色， コルク組織の構造及び茎の半径とコルク層の厚みの関係において相違が認められ， 90 % 以上の精度で 3 分類群を識別できる検索表を作成した。 これにより， 日本産 「木通」 について原植物の識別がほぼ可能になり， 日本産 「木通」 の主産地である信越及び四国産にゴヨウアケビ由来品が流通していることが示唆された。<br />The Japanese Pharmacopoeia Fifteenth Edition prescribes Akebiae Caulis, Mokutsu in Japanese, should be the woody stem of Akebia quinata Decaisne and A. trifoliata Koidzumi of the family Lardizabalaceae. We examined morphologically the woody stems of 3 wild Akebia taxa growing in Japan, A. quinata, A. trifoliata, and A. × pentaphylla Makino, for the purpose of finding morphological criteria to discriminate them and for identifying Mokutsu in the market. We found that the 3 taxa could be distinguished by a combination of surface color of stem, inner morphologies of stone cells and sclerenchyma cells, etc. with an accuracy of more than 90%, though it had been reported that A. quinata and A. trifoliata could not be distinguished by only stem anatomy. Using these criteria, we found that the woody stems of all 3 Akebia taxa were circulated equally in the Japanese market. This is the first record that the stem of A. × pentaphylla is circulating in the market as Mokutsu. © 2007, Medical and Pharmaceutical Society for WAKAN-YAKU. All rights reserved.
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