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Beitner, H. ; Nakatani, Toshio ; 中谷, 壽男
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Beitner, H. ; Nakatani, Toshio ; Hammar, H. ; 中谷, 壽男
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A case of Crohn's disease complicated by Sweet's syndrome is presented. The main ultrastructural findings were the multiplication of basal lamina surrounding the venulea, interendothelial gaps and in perivascular locations mixed infiltrates
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of neutrophiles and erythrocytes. The changes indicate that the initial site of the reaction was the walls of the dermal vessels.
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| 3.
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Hedblad, M. A. ; Nakatani, Toshio ; Beitner, H. ; 中谷, 壽男
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A male patient with clinically and histopathologically verified Darier's disease and a history of deterioration after sun exposure was irradiated on uninvolved skin with 25, 50 and 75 J/cm2 of UVA once a week for five weeks. He also
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received 3 and 5 times his individually established MED of UVB. Since no signs of keratosis follicularis were detected one week after the last irradiation, he was then exposed to 10 times his MED with UVB, whereupon clinically characteristic lesions of keratosis follicularis developed. One week after this exposure, biopsies were taken from the UV-induced lesions and processed for light and transmission electron microscopic investigation. Light microscopy revealed suprabasal lacunae, corps ronds and grains. In the electron microscope, gaps in the basal lamina beneath the suprabasal lacunae were also observed, through which cytoplasmic processes of lymphocyte- and fibroblast-like cells and basal keratinocytes protruded. Parts of keratinocytes with disruptive cell membranes were localized in the gaps of the basal lamina. Also, multiplication of the basal lamina was frequent.
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| 4.
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Ohtani, Yuko ; Ohtani, Osamu ; Nakatani, Toshio ; 大谷, 修 ; 中谷, 壽男
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />The present study demonstrated the threedimensional microstructure of the rat diaphragm by scanning
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electron microscopy (SEM) of either intact or alkali-treated tissues, enzyme-histochemistry, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM). The peritoneal and pleural surfaces of the diaphragm were covered with mesothelial cells studded with microvilli. Many round gaps were formed between the mesothelial cells. The submesothelial connective tissue contained voluminous, irregularly shaped lymphatics. Some of these lymphatics extended many funnel-like projections of their endothelia towards the pored region of the mesothelium. On coming into contact with the mesothelium, many of the lymphatic projections were perforated at their ends, thus giving rise to stomata connecting the peritoneal cavity and lymphatic lumen. Some projections ended blindly while plugging the mesothelial pores, thereby making visible some intercellular gaps in this contact. The subperitoneal sheet of the collagen fiber network possessed clusters of foramina which tightly fit the passage of the lymphatic projections. Confocal LSM of the diaphragm after intraperitoneal injection of FITC-dextran demonstrated the tracer both in the lymphatic lumina and in the connective tissue spaces. Our results indicate that peritoneal fluid is allowed to flow into the connective tissue spaces of the diaphragm through intercellular gaps and into lymphatics through stomata.
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Nakatani, Toshio ; Beitner, Harry ; 中谷, 壽男
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />Melanosomes in sporadic dysplastic nevi were examined by transmission electron microscope. In parti
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cular the structure of macromelansomes was observed. Macromelanosomes were present in both nevus cells and keratinocytes. They were round and consisted of a core structure and a cortex structure. The core was composed of electron-dense amorphous material and electron-lucent microvesicles. The cortex contained grains of different sizes and electron densities. Occasionally small melanosomes were observed in the cortex. Electron-lucent microvesicles were also present in small spherical and ellipsoid melanosomes. Melanosome complexes observed in nevus cells contained degrading melanosomes with electronlucent microvesicles, dispersed microvesicles and grains. Melanosome complexes with structures resembling those found in macromelanosomes were also present. The result of the investigation suggests that melanosome complexes found in nevus cells might become macromelanosomes through autophagy.
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Shinohara, Harumichi ; Morisawa, Satoshi ; Nakatani, Toshio ; Ohtani, Osamu ; 中谷, 壽男
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />The auricular length, auricular base length and auricular width were measured in 94 human fetuses w
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ith crownrump (CR) lengths ranging from 49 mm (approximately 11 weeks of gestational age) to 250 mm (approximately 31 weeks of gestational age). The three measurement values showed linear increases as the CR length increased, suggesting that they are useful parameters to indicate intrauterine growth. The measurement values also suggested that the mandibular and hyoid derivatives did not grow independently, but did grow with maintaining a certain relationship.
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Matsuda, Takeshi ; Fukuo, Yoshifumi ; Shinohara, Harumichi ; Morisawa, Satoshi ; Nakatani, Toshio ; 中谷, 壽男
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />The mouse pericardium is a continuous serous membrane, up to postnatal day 6 (P6), that consists of
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pericardial and pleural mesothelia with sparse connective tissue sandwiched in between. This study shows that on P7 the pericardium becomes fenestrated, and the pericardial and pleural cavities become continuous. We found that the number of pores per pericardium increased continuously with the advance of age and reached as many as 3000 on P21. Transmission electron microscopy of the pericardium revealed various structures of the pericardial and pleural mesothelia that may relate to the formation of the pericardial pores. The pericardial and pleural mesothelia were adjoined with cytoplasmic processes that extended toward the base of the opposing mesothelium. As a result of the adjoinment, a pair of U-shaped folds were formed. The two U-shaped folds were connected with tight junctions at their apices, and separation of these junctions may give rise to the pericardial pores.
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| 8.
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Nakatani, Toshio ; Beitner, Harry ; 中谷, 壽男
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />Seven female human subjects were irradiated with 4 Gy of grenz rays and 30 J/cm2 of long-wave ultra
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violet (UVA) radiation once a week for three weeks.6/7 subjects when irradiated on the back developed a clearly visible pigmentation due to both grenz-ray and UVA pigmentation. The effect on epidermal melanocytes was observed with transmission electron microscopy. Ultrastructural changes in melanocytes following both grenz-ray and UVA irradiation were an increase in the number of premature and mature melanosomes, elongation and protrusion of cytoplasm, sometimes indented nuclei, and the development of multilamella of basal lamina. Compared with UVA-irradiated skin, in the same individuals the melanocytes seemed somewhat more hypertrophic after grenz-ray irradiation. In general the observed qualitative ultrastructural differences between UVA- and grenz-ray-irradiated melanocytes were limited, indicating that the influence of grenz-rays is similar to that of UVA.
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| 9.
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Tazaki, Kazue ; Ishida, Hideki ; 田崎, 和江 ; 石田, 秀樹
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金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系
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Tazaki, Kazue ; Zhou, Guoping ; Makaino, Koji ; 田崎, 和江 ; 周, 国平 ; 馬飼野, 光治
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />デイーゼルエンジン車の排気ガスを一日2回直接受けたスイセンを採取し, XRF, SEM-EDX, TEMで観察および分析を行った.排気ガスに汚染されたスイセンの葉は黒色に変色し,気孔の内部及び周
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辺には,Sを含む多量の微粒子が被覆し, Al, Si, Cl, Ca, K, Feの増加も認められた.これらの結果は,ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガスが植物の光合成などの生理作用に,短期間で大きく影響を及ぼすことを明らかにした.<br />Polluted narcissuses by exhaust emissions derived from a diesel engine twice a day were investigated by XRF, SEM-EDX and TEM analyses. Polluted narcissus was characterized by no flower, deformed leave and the change of color from green to yellow and black. S was increased about 6 times. About 33% of S-coated carbonaceous soots was retained through breath holes by narcissus, causing the normal breath and photosynthesis of narcissus damaged. This could be a major factor of narcissus growing abnormally during a short period (2 months).
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| 11.
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田崎, 和江 ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />地球上に広く分布する微細な炭素粒子は,環境の変化に最も敏感に対応する物質の一つである.その炭素の起源,微細形態,結晶成長の過程,化学結合,分布などを明かにし,炭素物質を評価するうえで,電子線を用
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いた手法が有効である.ここには,様々な炭素物質について,その目的に応じた有効な分析方法の実例を示した.走査型(SEM)および透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)による観察は,炭素物質の微細形態,結晶成長過程,結晶度を知るのに適している.バクテリアなどを含む有機物が濃集した非晶質の炭素は,続成作用により,高結晶度のグラファイトヘと変化する.初期の炭素物質は,球粒,管,フレーク,薄膜,シート,リボン状などさまざまな形態をとり,最も成長した結晶であるグラファイトは,六角板状のバウムクーヘン状構造をとる.炭素の分布を知るには,エレクトロンマイクロプローブ(EPMA)やオージェ(Auger)による元素濃度分布図が有効である.オージェは,導電性物質の蒸着を必要としないので,岩石中のカーボンの存在を薄片の状態で検出することが可能である.高い導電性を持つことで知られているワイオミング産のSybille Monzosyeniteに,オージェ分析を適用し,鉱物境界に高濃度の炭素が存在することが,高導電性の要因の一つであることを明かにした.また,オージェは導電性物質の蒸着なしで,オングストロームのオーダの最表面分析が可能である.フーリエ赤外線分析(FT-IR)は,炭素の化学結合や水分子との結合状態を知ることができる.グラファイトは,その結晶度の違いによりOHやC-C結合の吸収の程度が異なる例として,片麻岩中の低結晶度の炭素から水分が抜け,次に酸素が抜けてグラファイトヘと変化するプロセスを示した.また,電子線走査化学分析器(ESCA)による炭素(1S)の高分解能分析は,様々な炭素結合の種類とその量比を知るのに有効である.この方法により,深海底堆積物中の海緑石に含まれる炭素が,COO,C-O,C-Cそしてグラファイトといった異なる炭素結合により構成されていることを明かにした.この結果は,海緑石が有機物起源であり,その後,無機化すること,有機炭素と無機炭素の境界は明瞭ではないことなどを示している.さらに,重イオン加速器(RILAC)は,炭素が表面吸着しているか,または結晶構造に組み込まれているかの判断に有効である.例えば都市ガスのすすの分析は,金属やSiO_2といった標準試料と比べ,炭素が結晶性の構造を待つことを示した.同時に,この方法は,酸素と水素の存在状態の差異も明瞭に表わすことができる.重イオン加速器は,大気からもたらされた汚染物質の炭素と物質本来の結晶構造中の炭素原子との区別に有効である.<br />Very fine carbon particulates formed by both inorganic and biological processes in the Earth have the most sensitive response to global change. Various electron microtechniques are usufu1 to reveal the micromorphology, texture, growing processes, crystalinity, chemical bond and the distribution of carbon materials. In this article useful methods for evaluation of carbon in various carbon materials are introduced. Amorphous organic carbon naturally and artificially transforms into high crystalline graphite. SEM and TEM observations reveal that precursor carbon materials are composed of spherules, tubular, fiakes, thin films ,fla tsheets, and ribbon texture. Bacteri aand nannobacteria may play a prorninent catalyzing role in the precipitatio onf carbon materia]s. Hexagonal onion-like texture is the most stable form ofcarbon durin ggraphitizatio n,EPMA and Auger can be used for carbon elernentary rnapping. Auger-spectrometer depth profiling and carbon content rnap applied to Sybille Monzosyenite having high electrical conductivity revealed a high concentration of carbon on grain boundaries of the minerals. Chemical bonding of carbon and hydrogen can be analyzed by FT-IR method. FT-IR spectra showing different intensity of OH and C-C absorbed bands are related with the degree of crystalinity of graphite in rocks. The result suggests that graphite occurred by dehydration and reduction of organic materials, ESCA is usufu1 method to know various carbon binding. High resolution of C_ls spectra of micro ESCA can discriminate various carbon chemical binding, such as COO, C-O, C-C, and graphite. ESCA spectra of glauconite in deep sea sediments showed various ratios of COO, C-O, C-C and graphite, suggesting organic origin of glauconite. The result also suggests that there are no clear boundary between organic and inorganic carbon. RILAC method can be used for evaluation of atmospheric contamination of carbon from structural carbon. RILAC spectra of soot showed characteristic recoiled carbon, oxygen and hydrogen ions with standards of purity for metalic plate and Si0_2.
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Tazaki, Kazue ; 田崎, 和江
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金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />Because of increasing population, human activity has become a dominant process modifying the eart
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h environment. Understanding the new environmental stresses includes study of interface processes on macro- and micro-scales. Application of electron microscopy to the study of sulfides and sulfate complexes in atmospheric dust, in acidic river sediment, in sewage sludge and in water solution, provide unique information on the interaction between bacteria and human activities in close-to-environmental conditions. Microorganisms exhibit great powers of trace metal accumulation and immolization. They may be frequently encountered in extreme metal contaminated environment both natural and man-made. The sulfides leading to the formation of sulfide minerals were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). For example: 1 Atmospheric sulfide minerals in air dust, 2 Sulfides precipitation with bacteria in polluted mining river sediment, 3 Sulfide mineralization in sludge, 4 Experimental sulfide mineralization in 9 K medium. Atmosphere oxidation rate of SO2 is largely balanced by exchange across the hydrosphere-biosphere-land surface interfaces. Fluctuating volcanic emissions or Chinese loess may have profound influence. SEM-EDX observation indicated that the air dust and acid rain-water contained gypsum, barite and sulfur films which may be due to contributions from volcanic eruption. TEM observation showed bacteria with S-rich thin films in dust of rain-water suggesting interaction between polluted S-rich precipitation and bacterial activity in atmospheric environment. The study of acidic river sediment indicates the enormous influence of the biosphere in maintaining river chemistry of sulfate complexes and sulfides. The electron microscopic techniques enable us to examine the reactive surface at the micron scale, the surface where reaction occurs, that control so many of the basic biogeochemical processes. Micro-scopic study showed that all biomass contains a significant quantity of metallic constituents, and mineralization in living and dead biodebris may contribute to sulfides transport from the hydrosphere into sediment. The bacterial cell walls are remarkable in their ability to fix metals and provide sites for nucleation and growth of Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn minerals. The sulfate complexes and sulfides in sludge in Lake Nakaumi were investigated, including study on the formation of minerals and uptake of metals by bacteria or plant. SEM-EDX observation showed that pyrite, pyrrhotite and gypsum were formed on the top of surface sludge. The aggregate of framboidal pyrite gradually grew in diatom shell which composed of S and Fe, suggesting the processes of sulfide mineral formations related with organisms. The sewage sludge is a valuable source of N, P, and heavy metallic elements (e. g. , Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) and organic matter. Such metals are of environmental concern due to their potential effects on plant uptake and growth. Jarosite used in the laboratory study was produced from a mixture of 9 K medium and Thiobacillus ferroxidans for a period of several days. SEM-EDX observation with XRD showed that jarosite was formed after 3 days and ammoniojarosite was formed after 7 days from the experimental solution. If T. ferroxidans is present, jarosite can be formed at room temperature by aerating solutions of FeSO4, and K2SO4 at pH 2 within few days. Elemental sulfur interacted with the metal-loaded bacterial cells, affected both the eventual earth science and crystal habit of the metal sulfides, and formed a variety of crystalline metal sulfides. Observation of sulfate complexe changes is unique opportunity to better manage all our earth environment.
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Asano, Takao ; Asano, Tetsuo ; Ypinter, Ron ; 浅野, 哲夫
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金沢大学<br />In this paper we show that Ω(n log n) operations are necessary to triangulate a polygonal region with n vertic
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es which contains holes (or windows). Also, we present a polynomial time algorithm for partitioning a polygonal region which may have a fixed number of holes into a minimum number of triangles. Finally, we discuss arbitrary-as opposed to chordal-minimum-number triangulations. © 1986.
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Nakatani, Toshio ; Tanaka, Shigenori ; Mizukami, Shigeki ; 中谷, 壽男
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />日本解剖学会の許可を得て登録_ 20210714
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Nakatani, Toshio ; Mizukami, Shigeki ; Tanaka, Shigenori ; 中谷, 壽男
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />日本解剖学会の許可を得て登録
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Tanaka, Shigenori ; Nakatani, Toshio ; Mizukami, Shigeki ; Yasui, Kinya ; Uemura, Masanori ; 中谷, 壽男
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />日本解剖学会の許可を得て登録_ 20210714
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Tanaka, Shigenori ; Shoumura, Shizuko ; Chen, Huayue ; Nakatani, Toshio ; Mizukami, Shigeki ; 中谷, 壽男
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />日本解剖学会の許可を得て登録_ 20210714
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Tanaka, Shigenori ; Nakatani, Toshio ; Mizukami, Shigeki ; Lee, Hye-Yeon ; Chung, In-Huyk ; 中谷, 壽男
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />We report a variant branch of the internal laryngeal nerve found in a Japanese male body. This bran
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ch, arising in the piriform fossa from the inferior portion of the loose network formed by the intercommunicating subbranches of the internal laryngeal nerve, descended in the interval between the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages accompanied by a branch of the superior laryngeal artery as far downward as the lowest portion of the thyroid cartilage. Here it crossed lateral to the inferior laryngeal nerve to which it gave off a communicating branch and reached the deep surface of the cricothyroid muscle. In this muscle it split into several divisions, each of which issued filaments to this muscle. The terminal branch of this variant branch ended in the fascia covering the cricothyroid muscle and the cricoid cartilage.<br />日本解剖学会の許可を得て登録
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Nakatani, Toshio ; Tanaka, Shigenori ; Mizukami, Shigeki ; 中谷, 壽男
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />日本解剖学会の許可を得て登録_ 20210714
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Nakatani, Toshio ; Mizukami, Shigeki ; Tanaka, Shigenori ; 中谷, 壽男
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />日本解剖学会の許可を得て登録_ 20210714
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Mizukami, Shigeki ; Tanaka, Shigenori ; Nakatani, Toshio ; 中谷, 壽男
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />日本解剖学会の許可を得て登録_ 20210714
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中谷, 壽男 ; 田中, 重徳 ; 水上, 茂樹 ; Nakatani, Toshio ; Tanaka, Shigenori ; Mizukami, Shigeki
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />日本解剖学会の許可を得て登録_ 20210714
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| 23.
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Yamamoto, Masayoshi ; Sakanoue, Masanobu ; 山本, 政儀 ; 阪上, 正信
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金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター<br />Laboratory experiments using radiotracer of americium (241Am) and humic acid isolated from natura
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l surface soil have been conducted to evaluate the effect of added humic acid on the behavior of Am(III) in aqueous solution and the stability constant of the complex formed between Am(III) and humic acid. The former experiments were performed in the synthetic aqueous medium containing Ca or in fresh rain water at pH 6.5 and 4.5. At pH 6.5 in the absence of humic acid, Am(III) in both solutions [(Ca: 10 ppm) or rain water] was almostly adsorbed on the wall of the polyethylene vial used, and the major fraction of Am left in the solution was retained on the filter of 0.45μm pore size. On the other hand, in the presence of humic acid (100 ppm), the adsorption of Am on the vail was not observed, and the decrease of the retention of Am on the same filter suggests its complex formation with humic acid. At pH 4.5, the behavior of Am(III) in the solution (Ca: 10 ppm) was not influenced by the addition of humic acid (100 ppm). When the quantities of Ca were increased in the solution at a constant amount of humic acid, insoluble complexes were formed according to the increase of Ca to humic acid, and Am was scavenged over 90% as the insoluble complexes. The study of stability constant indicated that Am(III) had the strong interaction with humic acid.
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| 24.
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Yamamoto, Masayoshi ; Tanii, Taeko ; Sakanoue, Masanobu ; 山本, 政儀 ; 谷井, 妙子 ; 阪上, 正信
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金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター<br />Two kinds of samples have been tested to investigate the adsorption of plutonium in soil under na
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tural conditions. In a soil sample containing only about 5% of organic materials, no significant leaching of plutonium was observed with three kinds of extractants, namely, 1N-ammonium acetate, 5%-EDTA and 0.1N-sodium citrate, while some plutonium was leached with 0.1N-citric acid. The results of solubility tests made with natural soil organic acids, namely, humic and fulvic acids, showed that solubilization of plutonium by these acids is unlikely to occur in this soil sample. On the other hand, in another soil sample rich in organic materials (about 50%), significant leaching of plutonium was observed with all the extractants tested. The leaching of plutonium was especially very high with 0.1N-sodium citrate (about 60%) ; sodium citrate showing an initial pH of 8.4 probably solubilized some of organic materials present. Experiments made on extraction of organic materials with alkali solution also suggested that as much as 60-70% of plutonium in this soil sample was associated with some organic acids, whose carbon content was assumed to be 30-40% of the total organic carbon in the soil sample. This finding is very important from a view point of the uptake of plutonium by plant because plutonium associated with such organic acids is presumed to exist abundantly in cultivated soils which are quite rich in organic materials.
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| 25.
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Yamamoto, Masayoshi ; Matsui, Masao ; Igarashi, Shuichi ; Yoshioka, Mitsuo ; Hayakawa , Hironobu ; Kitagawa, Sadaharu ; 山本, 政儀 ; 松井, 正夫 ; 五十嵐, 修一 ; 吉岡, 満夫 ; 早川, 博信 ; 北川, 貞治
概要:
金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター<br />The concentrations of 239Pu and 137Cs due to fall-out, and 60Co originating from the nuclear powe
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r reactor in the sediments sampled at Urazoko Bay, Fukui Pref., Japan, were determined and their correlation with the particle size or the amount of glycerol adsorbed on the sediments as a measure of surface area of the sediment particles were examined. By the size segregation of sediment, the contents of 239Pu, 137Cs and 60Co were found to reach to the highest value in the fraction below 37 μm in diameter. The concentrations of these radionuclides for each size fraction were directly proportional to the amount of glycerol adsorbed on the sediment particles. Based on these facts, the normalization of the concentration of these artificial radionuclides by the amount of adsorbed glycerol was attempted. For the fraction below 0.5 mm in diameter of various sediments collected at around Urazoko Bay during 1975-1977. It was confirmed that the contents of 239Pu and 137Cs per unit amount of adsorbed glycerol were nearly constant, respectively. Furthermore, the pollution characteristics of 60Co in the sediments, such as the distribution and the accumulation, was clearly estimated by using such normalization.
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| 26.
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Takada, Jun ; Hoshi, Masaharu ; Nagatomo, Tsuneto ; Yamamoto, Masayoshi ; Endo, Satoru ; Takatsuji, Toshihiro ; Yoshikawa, Isao ; Gusev, Boris I. ; Sakerbaev, Alexander K. ; Tchaijunusova, Nailya. J. ; 山本, 政儀
概要:
金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター<br />Accumulated external radiation doses of residents near the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site of the
…
former USSR are presented as a results of study by the thermoluminescence technique for bricks sampled at several settlements in 1995 and 1996. The external doses that we evaluated from exposed bricks were up to about 100 cGy for resident. The external doses at several points in the center of Semipalatinsk City ranged from a background level to 60 cGy, which was remarkably high compared with the previously reported values based on military data.
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| 27.
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Yamamoto, Masayoshi ; Yamamori, Shiro ; Komura, Kazuhisa ; Sakanoue, Masanobu ; 山本, 政儀 ; 山守, 志朗 ; 小村, 和久 ; 阪上, 正信
概要:
金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター<br />The depth profiles and the particle size dependencies of the distributions of 239, 240Pu and 241A
…
m in soil have been studied in comparison with those of 137Cs to obtain information on clarifying their behaviors and fates under the natural conditions. It was found that the concentrations of 239, 241Pu and 137Cs in soil decrease exponentially with increasing the depth, and over 80% of these fall-out radionuclides is accumulated in the upper 10 cm of the soils. The concentration of 241Am was measured by non-destructive γ-spectrometry using Ge-LEPS up to the depth of 6.5cm for two soil cores. The activity ratios of 241Am/239, 240Pu were found to be in the range from 0.25 to 0.30 for one core sample, while rather high values, i. e., 0.63-0.75, were obtained for another one. The particle size discrimination of surface soil showed that the concentrations of 239, 240Pu and 137Cs increase steadily with the particle size from coarse sand to clay fraction, while that of 241Am doesn't show such a tendency. These facts suggest that the behavior of 241Am in soil may be different from that of 239, 240Pu and 137Cs.
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| 28.
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論文
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Yamamoto, Masayoshi ; Sakanoue, Masanobu ; 山本, 政儀 ; 阪上, 正信
概要:
金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター<br />Laboratory experiments using radiotracer of americium (241Am) and humic acid isolated from natura
…
l surface soil have been conducted to evaluate the effect of added humic acid on the behavior of Am(III) in aqueous solution and the stability constant of the complex formed between Am(III) and humic acid. The former experiments were performed in the synthetic aqueous medium containing Ca or in fresh rain water at pH 6.5 and 4.5. At pH 6.5 in the absence of humic acid, Am(III) in both solutions [(Ca: 10 ppm) or rain water] was almostly adsorbed on the wall of the polyethylene vial used, and the major fraction of Am left in the solution was retained on the filter of 0.45μm pore size. On the other hand, in the presence of humic acid (100 ppm), the adsorption of Am on the vail was not observed, and the decrease of the retention of Am on the same filter suggests its complex formation with humic acid. At pH 4.5, the behavior of Am(III) in the solution (Ca: 10 ppm) was not influenced by the addition of humic acid (100 ppm). When the quantities of Ca were increased in the solution at a constant amount of humic acid, insoluble complexes were formed according to the increase of Ca to humic acid, and Am was scavenged over 90% as the insoluble complexes. The study of stability constant indicated that Am(III) had the strong interaction with humic acid.
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| 29.
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論文
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Yamamoto, Masayoshi ; Komura, Kazuhisa ; Sakanoue, Masanobu ; Hoshi, Masaharu ; Sawada, Shozo ; Okajima, Shunzo ; 山本, 政儀 ; 小村, 和久 ; 阪上, 正信 ; 星, 正治 ; 澤田, 昭三 ; 岡島, 俊三
概要:
金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター<br />Plutonium Isotopes, 241Am and 137Cs in soil samples collected from Nagasaki and Hiroshima were me
…
asured to evaluate the contribution of residual radioactivity derived from the atomic bombs dropped in 1945.In the soils from Nishiyama area of Nagasaki City, activity ratios different from those of global fallout were found for the 238Pu/239, 240Pu (0.05-0.06), 239, 240Pu/137Cs (0.2-0.3), 241Am/239, 240Pu (0.04-0.05) and 240Pu/239Pu (0.08-0.13), activity ratios indicating that a fair amount of plutonium derived from the atomic bomb had accumulated in this area. On the other hand, in the soils from the “Black-rain” area of Hiroshima, no significant difference from the global fallout was found for the activity ratios among the Pu isotopes, 241Am and 137Cs except for the soils collected at 10 km and 12 km in the NNW direction from the epicenter, where a factor 2 to 3 lower 241Am/239, 240Pu activity ratio was observed. However, no evidence of the contribution of the atomic bomb was found by the measurement of 240Pu/239Pu isotopic ratio.
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| 30.
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Hayakawa, Kazuichi ; Miyoshi, Yasuko ; Kurimoto, Hiroaki ; Matzushima, Yuko ; Takayama, Nariaki ; Tanaka, Seishi ; Miyazaki, Motoichi ; 早川, 和一 ; 三好, 裕子 ; 栗本, 博昭 ; 松島, 優子 ; 高山, 成明 ; 田中, 星司 ; 宮崎, 元一
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系<br />A HPLC determination method for methamphetamine (MA) and its metabolites in the urine samples of
…
abusers has been developed. MA, amphetamine (AP), norephedrine (NE), p-hydroxymethamphetamine (pOHMA), p-hydoroxyamphetamine (pOHAP) and an internal standard, namely β-phenylethylamine (PEA) were derivatized with dansyl chloride. They were separated on a reversed phase column with gradient elution using an acetonitrile/tetrahydrofuran/imidazole buffer mobile phase and chemilumigenically determined using bis(2, 4, 6-trichlorophenyl)-oxalate/hydrogen peroxide as post column reagents. The lower determination limits were as low as 1×10-14-3×10-14mol. AP, NE, pOHAP and PEA were derivatized with naphthalene-2, 3-dicarboxaldehyde, and were separated on a reversed phase column using an acetonitrile/imidazole buffer mobile phase and chemilumigenically determined. The lower determination limits were 3×10-16-1.5×10-15mol. Enzymatic hydrolysis of glucuronides of pOHMA (pOHMAG) and pOHAP (pOHAPG) allowed them to be determined as pOHMA and pOHAP, respectively. After adjusting the pH of the urine samples to 10.5 and adding PEA, all metabolites except glucuronides were extracted quantitatively into chloroform-isopropanol (3 : 1). Utilizing the two methods, MA and all metabolites were determined in urine samples of MA abusers. The tendency, in order of decreasing concentration was : [MA]>[A]>[pOHMAG]>[pOHMA]>[NE]>[pOHAPG]>[pOHAP]. Although ephedrine (EP) was detected in several samples, it was not considered to be a metabolite of MA but rather a component derived from cough medicine.
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| 31.
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論文
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Igarashi, Noboru ; Takeya, Ryouhei ; Sato, Tamotsu ; 五十嵐, 登
概要:
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85024290405&doi=10.1297%2fcpe.2.Supple2_79&partnerID=40&md5=12626aca
…
76eb2a4e78f5240390705369<br />Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) and its specific receptor are present in the central nervous system (CNS) of experimental animal models, where this peptide has unique roles in neuronal growth and differentiation. IGF-II in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as in plasma, is bound to specific binding protein (IGFBP). In this study we examined CSF IGF-II levels and IGFBP patterns in children with various physiological and pathological states. IGF-II, dissociated from IGFBP by acid gel chromatography, was measured by RIA, and IGFBP analyzed by western-ligand blotting. CSF IGF- II levels were 16.7±4.9 ng/ml in control subjects and there were no age-related variations. In some cases with CNS tumor, hydrocephalus and inflammatory conditions, their CSF IGF-II levels were increased. CSF IGFBP mainly consisted of 34kd, 31kd and 24kd protein. In contrast to serum IGFBP, CSF IGFBP patterns were almost unaffected by age, and were increased in some CNS inflammatoryconditions. Although the specific role of IGF-II in the human CNS remains to be defined, our results suggest that the regulatory mechanisms for the IGF-II /IGFBP system are present in the human CNS as well as in animal models.
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| 32.
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論文
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Shiraishi, Yukimasa ; 白石, 行正
概要:
金沢大学解剖学第三<br />Several reports are available for the finding that mitomycin C (MMC) induces non-random chromosome exchan
…
ges in human cells (Nowell 1964 ; Cohen and Shaw 1964 ; Br¢ggerand Johansen 1972). It has been shown that the majority of exchanges occurs preferentially between the constitutive heterochromatin of homologous chromosomes, especially in the secondary constriction regions of chromosomes 1, 9 and 16. This may be a result of the association of these chromosome regions during interphase, either through regular somatic pairing (Rao and Nataraj an 1967) or through a particular gathering effect of MMC (Kobayashi 1960). There is little information on the mitotic feature of the somatic pairing in chromosomes with rearrangements, particulary with pericentric inversions of mammalian cells. The present study was attempted to test the effect of MMC on cells with pericentric inv (9), one of the polymorphic variations in man (Hansmann 1976; Shiraishi and Makino 1977), and to compare the frequency of MMC-induced exchanges between normal and pericentric inv (9) cells.
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| 33.
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論文
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Fuji, Norio ; 藤, 則雄
概要:
金沢大学教育学部理科教育<br />The present writer reported on the outline of the palaeoenvironmental, especially palaeovegetational a
…
nd palaeoclimatic, changes around Lake Biwa during the last 600,000 years on the basis of the palynological analysis of samples taken at intervals of 5 m on a 200-meter core (Fuji and Hone, 1972; Fuji and Hone, 1977) drilled in 1971 at the bottom of 65 m below thepresent lake water level of Lake Biwa. In addition, the writer stated on the detailed palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate during the present -100 ,000 years B.P. on the basis of the palynological analysis of samples taken at intervals of 25 cm over the upper 55 m of the same core (Fuji, 1976a). In this article, the writer will debate minutely on the palaeoclimatic change during an age from 100,000-300,000 years B.P, from the view point of a palynology. The samples analysed for this investigation were used about 200 samples which were taken at intervals of about 25 cm throughout the middle part from 55-110 m of the 200-meter core.
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| 34.
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Komura, Kazuhisa ; Sakanoue, Masanobu ; Konishi, Kenji ; 小村, 和久 ; 阪上, 正信 ; 小西, 健二
概要:
金沢大学理学部付属低レベル放射能実験施設<br />Since Barnes et al. (1956) proposed the uraniumionium (230Th) method of dating, many works hav
…
e been performed for dating of fossil corals (Komura and Sakanoue, 1967; Bloom etal., 1974; Ku et al., 1974; and see the references therein). The 230Th method has a potential to estimate the absolute age back to about 300000 years. This method is one of the most reliable methods for a sample older than a few ten thousand years, since the half-life of 14C limits the applicable age back to about 40000 years. In order to determine 230Th age, activity ratios of 230Th/234U and 234U/238U must be measured. Alpha spectrometry has usually been performed to measure these isotopes. On the other hand, measurement of 230Th can be made indirectly by its daughter nuclide 222Rn by assuming radioactive equilibrium between 230Th and 226Ra (222Rn) (Nydal, 1975). If this assumption is acceptable, the 230Th can also be measured by 214Pb, 214Bi and 210Pb, the amount of which can be determined by y-spectrometry. Furthermore, 238U concentration can be determined by measuring low energy r-rays from its daughter nuclide 234Th. In this report, the non-destructive 226Ra/238U method is proposed for the dating of fossil corals by -spectrometry using a germanium detector Ge (Li) and a low energy photon spectrometer (LEPS). The non-destructive dating method has advantages over the conventional ones in that the elaborate and timeconsuming chemical procedures are unnecessary and no change in the chemical state occurs in the sample analyzed, hence, the same sample can be used for further investigation after the non-destructive measurement.
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| 35.
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Hatusima, Sumihiko ; 初島, 住彦
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| 36.
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Kurita, Masahide ; 栗田, 正秀
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| 37.
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Nakanishi, Hiroki ; 中西, 弘樹
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| 38.
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Saiki, Yasuhisa ; 斎木, 保久
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| 39.
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Saiki, Yasuhisa ; 斎木, 保久
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| 40.
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Naruhashi, Naohiro ; Sato, Takashi ; Tawan, Cheksum bt. ; 鳴橋, 直弘 ; 佐藤, 卓 ; チェクスム, タワン
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| 41.
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Hatakeyama, Shigeo ; 畠山, 茂雄
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| 42.
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論文
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Chang, Ching-en ; 張, 慶恩
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| 43.
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論文
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Saiki, Yasuhisa ; 斎木, 保久
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| 44.
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論文
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Utech, Frederick H. ; Kawano, Shoichi ; Ohara, Masashi ; F.H., ユーテック ; 河野, 昭一 ; 大原, 雅
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| 45.
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論文
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Nakamura, Takehisa ; Suzuki, Kunio ; 中村, 武久 ; 鈴木, 邦雄
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| 46.
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論文
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Kurita, Masahide ; 栗田, 正秀
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| 47.
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Noguchi, Junko ; Nakayama, Shuichi ; Kawano, Shoichi ; 野口, 順子 ; 中山, 修一 ; 河野, 昭一
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| 48.
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Terabayashi, Susumu ; 寺林, 進
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| 49.
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Nakanishi, Hiroki ; 中西, 弘樹
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| 50.
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論文
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Kurita, Masahide ; 栗田, 正秀
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| 51.
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Ihara, Kazue ; Ihara, Masaaki ; 井原, 一恵 ; 井原, 正昭
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| 52.
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Naruhashi, Naohiro ; Kobayashi, Masanori ; 鳴橋, 直弘 ; 小林, 正範
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| 53.
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Kawano, Shoichi ; Nagai, Yukio ; 河野, 昭一 ; 長井, 幸雄
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| 54.
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Saito, Nobuo ; 斉藤, 信夫
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| 55.
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Ihara, Masaaki ; 井原, 正昭
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| 56.
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Shimura, Yoshio ; Matsumoto, Sadamu ; Tsuzimura, Akiko ; Sugiyama, Midori ; 志村, 義雄 ; 松本, 定 ; 辻村, 朗子 ; 杉山, みどり
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| 57.
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論文
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Utech, Frederick H. ; F., H. ユーテック
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| 58.
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論文
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Kurita, Masahide ; 栗田, 正秀
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| 59.
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Kurita, Masahide ; 栗田, 正秀
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| 60.
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Kawano, Shoichi ; 河野, 昭一
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| 61.
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大場, 秀章 ; 湯沢, 武夫 ; 根本, 正一 ; 高橋, 弘行 ; Ohba, Hideaki ; Yuzawa, Takeo ; Nemoto, Syōichi ; Takahashi, Hiroyuki
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| 62.
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Ihara, Masaaki ; 井原, 正昭
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| 63.
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論文
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Mochizuki, Rikuo ; 望月, 陸夫
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| 64.
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Chang, Ching-en ; 張, 慶恩
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| 65.
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Naruhashi, Naohiro ; 鳴橋, 直弘
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| 66.
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松尾, 秀邦 ; Matuso, Hidekuni
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| 67.
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Nakanishi, Hiroki ; 中西, 弘樹
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| 68.
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Kurita, Masahide ; 栗田, 正秀
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| 69.
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Kojima, Satoru ; 小島, 覚
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| 70.
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論文
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Inoue, Ken ; Lin, Tsan-Piao ; 井上, 健 ; 讃, 標
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| 71.
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Tamura, Michio ; 田村, 道夫
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| 72.
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Utech, Frederick H. ; Kawano, Shoichi ; ユーテック, フレデリック H. ; 河野, 昭一
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| 73.
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Shimura, Yoshio ; Ooishi, Miyoko ; 志村, 義雄 ; 大石, 三代子
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| 74.
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Naruhashi, Naohiro ; Takano, Hiroyuki ; 鳴橋, 直弘 ; 高野, 裕行
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| 75.
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Iwata, Etsuyuki ; Matumura, Masayuki ; 岩田, 悦行 ; 松村, 正幸
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| 76.
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論文
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Naruhashi, Naohiro ; 鳴橋, 直弘
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| 77.
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Kurita, Masahide ; 栗田, 正秀
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| 78.
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Tawada, Shinjun ; 多和田, 真淳
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| 79.
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Naruhashi, Naohiro ; 鳴橋, 直弘
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| 80.
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論文
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Kurita, Masahide ; 栗田, 正秀
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| 81.
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論文
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Tanishima, Kiyoh ; Honma, Keiko ; Nagahara, Mikio ; 谷島, 清郎 ; 本間, 啓子 ; 長原, 三輝雄
概要:
金沢大学医療技術短期大学部<br />The addittion of ethylene glycol or glycerol to pooled human serum protects lactate dehydrogenase (LD
…
H) activity during storage at-10°C or 4°C.At-20°Cethylene glycol caused a significant decreasein LDH activity during storage, the decrease depending on the proportion of added ethylene glycol.Reduced activity was accompanied by loss of the LDH3, LDH4 and LDH5 isoenzymes.ln contrast, glycerol addition to serum completely stabilizes LDH activity even at-20°C, and concomitant measurement of alkaline phosphatase, glucose and cholesterol showed no alteration in activity or concentrations.Glycerol treated pooled serum would thus seem valuable for quality control for clinical use.
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| 82.
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論文
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Fukuda, Nahoko ; Tanishima, Kiyoh ; 福田, 直子 ; 谷島, 清郎
概要:
金沢大学医療技術短期大学部
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| 83.
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論文
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小牧, 純爾 ; Komaki, Junji
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系<br />Three groups of male Japanese monkeys were given two block discrimination training in WGTA. Two gr
…
oups of subjects were trained in modified successive reversals. Before each reversal, one group (Group PSI, n=3) was presented with positive stimulus for the next reversal and the response to it was rewarded. Another group (Group NSI, n=4) was informed of negative stimulus by being exposed to unbaited new negative stimulus. The reversals were repeated for 30 and 20 times for the first and the second blocks of training, respectively. Still another group (Group OT, n=4) was given two blocks of overtraining trials. Before, in the middle of, and after the two blocks of training, the subjects of all three groups were faced with a series of oddity task probes. Group NSI manifested significantly better performance on the first trials of the oddity problems (ps<.01) than the other groups which were not different from each other. Oddity performance of three subjects in Group NSI was significantly different from chance level (ps<.05). NSI reversals proved to improve oddity learning. The implications of the results were discussed with reference to the hypothesis theory and the attention theory of learning-set formation.<br />出版者の許可を得て登録
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| 84.
論文 |
論文
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小牧, 純爾 ; Komaki, Junji
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系<br />Two groups of male Japanese monkeys were given one of two modified forms of successive reversal tr
…
aining (SRT) in WGTA. Prior to usual SRT trials of each reversal, an information trial was introduced on which either baited positive stimulus [(p-1) group; n=3] or unbaited negative stimulus [(n-1) group; n=2] of new reversal was singly presented. Two-trial problems were given on three stages of the informed SRT's so as to assess the development of choice strategies.(N-1) group tended to be superior to (p-1) group in 2-trial problems, and the latter group was inferior to (n-3) and SRT groups of the previous experiments. An assumption explaining these and other findings was presented.<br />出版者の許可を得て登録
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| 85.
論文 |
論文
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小牧, 純爾 ; Komaki, Junji
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系<br />Two groups of three male Japanese monkeys were given one of two modified forms of successive rever
…
sal training (SRT) in WGTA. Prior to usual SRT trials of each reversal, three information trials were introduced on which either baited positive stimulus (P stimulus group) or unbaited negative stimulus (N stimulus group) of new reversal was singly presented. Two-trial problems were given on three stages and LS problems on the last stage of the informed SRT's so as to assess the development of choice strategies. SRT group of the previous study was control group. N stimulus group was superior to SRT group in reversal performance and comparable to it in 2-trial and LS problems. P stimulus group, though superior to SRT group in reversal performance, was inferior to it in 2-trial and LS problems. It indicates that development of choice strategy needs something other than successful reversal performance. Implications of this and other findings were discussed on the assumption that level of attentiveness during training might be a determinant of strategy learning.<br />出版者の許可を得て登録
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| 86.
論文 |
論文
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小牧, 純爾 ; Komaki, Junji
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系<br />2 groups of 3 Japanese monkeys were given 3 training blocks of either 20 successive discrimination
…
reversals (SRT group) or overtraining of comparable trials (OT group) with WGTA. 2-trial problems were given on 3 stages and LS problems on the last stage of training. The development of choice strategies due to these trainings was assessed. SRT group was significantly superior to OT group in 2-trial as well as LS problems. This superiority was observed in both of baited and unbaited problems and revealed better learning of “winstay” and “lose-shift” strategies. OT group exhibited no improvement in “lose-shift” behavior. Conditions for strategy learning and discrepancies of this and the other studies were discussed.<br />出版者の許可を得て登録
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| 87.
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論文
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Yatomi, Chikayoshi ; Nishihara, Akira ; 矢富, 盟祥 ; 西原, 晃
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域環境デザイン学系<br />Much attention has been paid to anisotropic behavior of soils, such as the inherent anisotropy an
…
d the stress induced anisotropy. Nevertheless, they often appear in the literature without any clear definitions. In the theory of finite deformations, the concept of isotropy is well established and is clearly distinguishable from the objectivity. However, in the infinitesimal theory, which is usually assumed in soil mechanics, they seem to be in confusion and, as a result, even simple anisotropy is not clearly defined. In this paper, we therefore first discuss the general principles of constitutive equations in finite theories and in infinitesimal theories to make a clear distinction between the objectivity and the isotropy. One of our most important results is that, if reference vectors or tensors are employed, in infinitesimal theories, the objectivity requires that anisotropic materials can be represented by isotropic functions. Using a reference tensor, we finally give a clear definition of the inherent anisotropy and the stress induced anisotropy. We then examine their difinitions employing a concrete example and show how the principles derived are useful, including the failure condition and the materials of differential type.
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| 88.
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Yatomi, Chikayoshi ; Yashima, Atsushi ; Iizuka, Atsushi ; Sano, Ikuo ; 矢富, 盟祥 ; 八嶋, 厚 ; 飯塚, 敦 ; 佐野, 郁雄
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域環境デザイン学系<br />In order to simulate the formation of localized shear bands, which is commonly observed during la
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rge deformation of soils, we first present a systematic extension of the well known Cam-clay model developed for small strains to the model for finite strains/deformations and then incorporates a non-coaxial term in the model. Finally, confining the deformation to undrained plane strain conditions, we examine the effects of the non-coaxial term on the shear bands formation.
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| 89.
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Yatomi, Chikayoshi ; Yashima, Atsushi ; Iizuka, Atsushi ; Sano, Ikuo ; 矢富, 盟祥 ; 八嶋, 厚 ; 飯塚, 敦 ; 佐野, 郁雄
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域環境デザイン学系<br />This paper is concerned with the formation of the shear bands by employing the finite element met
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hod with a non-coaxial Cam-clay model developed in our last paper (Yatomi et al., 1989). This finite element method for finite strains is formulated as a soil/water coupling form based on the updated Lagrangean scheme. A demonstration of shear bands formation is given in a classical rigid punch problem without introducing any initial imperfections into the material elements.
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| 90.
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論文
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Nakamura, koji ; Pudjiastuti, Liliek E. ; Katakura, Haruo ; 中村, 浩二 ; 片倉, 晴雄
概要:
ボゴール周辺に分布する食葉性テントウムシ3 種， Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Fabricius (以下EV と略す)， E. enneasticta Mulsant (EN), Epilachna sp.
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3 (EM) を実験室内で飼育して，生存繁殖スケジュールを明らかにし，パダン産(スマトラ西部州)の近縁種3 種(EV をふくむ)の結果とも比較した.EV とENはナス科を食草とし，前者は日本産ニジュウヤホシテントウと同種である. EMはE. emarginata と類似の種で，キク科のツル草であるMikania sp. を食草とする. EV とEMは平地から海抜1400 メートルまで分布する普通種であり，成虫の分散力は強い. ENは海抜500 メートル以上にのみ分布しEV と共存するが，密度と成虫の分散力は， EV よりも低い.1.卵から羽化までの発育日数は， 22.1 (EV) , 27.7(EM), 29.5(EN) であった.2. 成虫の寿命(日)は，オス60 .4 (EV) , 66.7 (EM), 69.9 (EN) ，メス59 .3 (EV) , 73.6 (EN), 77.4 (EM)であった.3. 産卵前期間(日)は， 9.6(EV), 13.9 (EM), 15.9 (EN) ，産卵終了から死亡までの日数は， 4.1(EV) , 5.4 (EM), 5.6 (EN) であった.4. 1 メスあたり産卵数は， 322 (EN), 426 (EV), 650 (EM) であり，メスは，成熟してから死亡まで一定のペースで産卵し続けた.5. 世代期間T( 日)は， 45 (EV) , 58 (EM) , 63 (EN) ，内的自然増加率r は， 0.081 (EN), 0.100(EM), 0.118 (EN) であった.
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| 91.
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論文
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Itagaki, Eiji ; Taniguchi, Shigehiko ; 板垣, 英治
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| 92.
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Itagaki, Eiji ; Fujita, Takeshi ; Sato, Ryo ; 板垣, 英治
概要:
A preparation containing formate dehydrogenase, cytochrome b1 and nitrate reductas_??_ was solubilized and partially purified from the particulate fraction of E. coli cells growr_??_ anaerobically under the conditions favorable
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for nitrate respiration. Some properties o_??_ formate dehydrogenase and cytochrome b1 in this purified preparation were investigated It was suggested that formate dehydrogenase is a metalloflavoprotein with essential sulf_??_ hydryl groups. Its activity was strongly bu_??_ reversibly inhibited by molecular oxyge_??_ The prosthetic group of cytochrome b1 was decisively identified as protoheme, and it was found that the cytochrome is autoxidizable. The reduction of cytochrome b1 by formate was shown to require, in addition to formate dehydrogenase, a lipid-soluble factor which could be replaced by vitamin K3 in the solubilized system.We are indefted to Drs. H. Maeno and S. Sakakibara for generous gifts of crude snake venonand crystalline protohemin, respectively.
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| 93.
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Fujita, Takeshi ; Itagaki, Eiji ; Sato, Ryo ; 板垣, 英治
概要:
Cytochrome b1 was solubilized from the particulate fraction of Escherichia coli with the aid of snake venom and deoxycho
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late and was extensively purified by ammonium sul-fate fractionation and hydroxylapatite column chromatography. The purifed preparation was still contaminated by a colorless impurity which sedimented more slowly than the cytochrome in the ultracentrifugal field; the purity being estimated to be 50 to 70 per cent. A molecular weight of 600, 000 to 800, 000 could be expected for the cytochrome from its sedimentation constant. On the other hand, aminimum molecular weight of about 160, 000 was obtained from the heme content of the cytochrome. The cytochrome could be split by acid acetone into protoheme and an apoprotein moiety. The recombination of the two components could be observed spectro-photometrically, but the reconstructed cytochrome was no more native as evidenced by its capabiliiy to combine with CO. The normal oxidation-reduction potential of purified cytochrome bt was determined to be about -20 mV at pH 7.0 and 25°C. Spectral properties, reactivity and chemical composition of the purified preparation were also studied.We wish to thank Dr. A. Ohsaka of the Natio-nal Institute of Health, Tokyo, for a generous gift of snake venom, and Dr. K. Kakiuchi of the Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, for carrying out the ultracentrifugal analyses.
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| 94.
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Itagaki, Eiji ; Fujita, Takeshi ; Sato, Ryo ; 板垣, 英治
概要:
The reactions of cytochrome b1 and nitrate reductase in an enzyme preparation solubiliz-ed and partially purified from the particulate fraction of Escherichia coli were investigated. The cytochrome b1 reduced by the addition of formate and
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vitamin K3 was found to be reoxidizable by oxygen, nitrate and chlorate. While the oxidation by oxygen was insensitive to cyanide and azide (the autoxidizability of the cytochrome), these reagents strongly inhi-bited the reaction by nitrate and chlorate suggesting the intervention of nitrate reduc-tase. With chlorate as the oxidant, the de-formation of the absorption spectrum of the cytochrome was observed. The nitrate reduc-tion by formate in the solubilized system was found to require the addition of vitamin K3, but flavins had no effects on this reaction. Since the vitamin is required also for thereduction of cytochrome b1 in this prepara-tion, the involvement of the cytochrome in the nitrate-reducing mechanism was further substantiated. The formate-nitrate reaction was strongly inhibited by 2-heptyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline-N-oxide (HOQNO), but this inhibi-tion was not competitive with respect to vitamin K3. It was spectrophotometrically revealed that HOQNO inhibits the reoxidation of cytochrome bt by nitrate, but not the re-duction by formate plus vitamin K3. In the particulate fraction, the formate-nitrate reduc-tase activity was inhibited much more remark-ably than the formate oxidase activity. Some of the implications of these results are dis-cussed.We wish to thank Dr. S. Taniguchi for a gener-ous gift of 2-heptyl-4-hydoxyquinoline-N-oxide.
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| 95.
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Itagaki, Eiji ; 板垣, 英治
概要:
A pale-brown powder preparation of the particulate fraction of E. coli cells grown with nitrate respiration was obtained with cold acetone treatment. This preparation, was similar to the solubilized and partially purified enzyme
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preparation, had high activities of for-mate dehydrogenase and nitrate reductase and contained cytochrome b1, but no activity of formate-nitrate reductase system. By addition of lipids prepared from this organism with aid of a detergent, PADA, the activity of formate-nitrate reductase system was completely restored. The restoration efficiencies of enzyme activity by UQ8 and K2 which were quinones found in this organism, were 2.6 to 1 per mole.The experiments with the UQ8, K2 or both specifically deprived, and ultraviolet irradiated lipid preparations showed that UQ8, rather than K2, acted more effectively as an electron carrier.UQ8 was anaerobically reduced slowly by the enzyme preparation wit formate, and UQ8H2 was rapidly oxidized by nitrate with simultaneous production of stoichiometric amounts of nitrite. From these results, it is concluded taht UQ8 acts principally as hydrogen acceptor for formate dehydrogenase of E. coli.The author is very grateful to Professer R. Sato of this laboratory for his helpful advice, to Mr. T. Fujita of his continous discussion to this work, to Dr. S. Ikeda of the Faculty of Science, Osaka University for his helpful advice to the synthesis of PADA, to Dr. K. Tanaka of Takeda Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Osaka and Dr. K. Uehara of the Pharmac-eutical Faculty of Osaka University for materials, and to Dr. K. Kusai of Nagase Sangyo Co. Ltd. for large culture of the organism.
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| 96.
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Itagaki, Eiji ; Suzuki, Sakaru ; 板垣, 英治
概要:
An enzymatic method is described for the estimation of formic acid formed during the periodate oxidation of carbohydrate
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s in the 10-2μmole range. The method is based on the coupled action of formic acid dehydro-genase and nitrate reductase obtained as a particulate fraction from Escherichia coli strains. The enzymes catalyze the quantitative reduc-tion of nitrate with formic acid to yield nitrite. The nitrite is estimated by a photometric me-thod. The results obtained using this method on D-glucose, L-rhamnose, N-acetyl-D-glucos-amine and UDP-glucose are given.The authors express their thanks to Mr. M. Iwatsuka for his technical assistance.
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| 97.
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Suzuki, Yasuyuki ; Itagaki, Eiji ; Mori, Hiromu ; Hosoya, Toichiro ; 板垣, 英治
概要:
The testosterone-binding globulin (TeBG) from bovine serum was purified by affinity chromatography and hydroxylapatite c
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hromatography. The affinity column used was prepared by coupling 17α-carboxyethynyl-l7-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one to aminoethyl-Sepharose. The compound was replaceable by 17α-carboxyethynyl-l7-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one, but not by testosterone 17-hemisuccinate, estradiol 17-hemisuccinate, or testosterone 3-(O-carboxy-methyl)oxime. The TeBG isolated was homogeneous on analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and equilibrium centrifugation. The protein was a glycoprotein having a molecular weight of 89, 500 and a carbohydrate content of 17%. The association constant (M-1) at 4°C was 1.1 × 108 and the number of binding sites per molecule was 0.8. Treatment with guanidine-HCI dissociated the protein into subunits having a molecular weight of 28, 400 (about one-third of that of the original molecule). SDS-gel electrophoresis showed that two of the three subunits were slightly larger than the other. The dissociation into subunits could also be accomplished by GEDTA treatment with concomitant loss of testosterone-binding activity. The activity and molecular size were reversibly restored by incubation with excess Ca2+.
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| 98.
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Itagaki, Eiji ; Arisawa, Masatoshi ; Hosoya, Toichiro ; 板垣, 英治
概要:
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) of reduced porcine thyro-globulin revealed more than
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ten distinct bands with molecular weights ranging from 19, 000 to 330, 000. When the thyroglobulin preparation was previously dialyzed against distilled water for 3 days at 4°C, the bands with large molecular weights disappeared, leaving only several small-sized components. These submolecular protein components, designated as Sub. I, Sub. II, Sub. III, and Sub. IV, were isolated by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-200 column in 0.1% SDS-0.04M Tris acetate buffer (pH 7.4) at 40°C, and the preparations were confirmed by sedimentation equilibrium analysis to be nearly homogenous in size. The weight average molecular weights determined by the sedimentation equilibrium method were 17, 500, 37, 400, 50, 300, and 70, 800 for Sub. I, Sub. II, Sub. III, and Sub. IV, respectively. Similar values were obtained by other methods, gel filtration and SDS-gel electrophoresis. Thus, the relative size of these components was very close to 1:2:3:4. The contents of amino acids and carbohydrates of these components were very similar to each other and also to entire thyroglobulin. The contents of iodoamino acids were also not greatly different between them, except that thyroxine and triiodothyronine seemed to be significantly high in the smallest protein, Sub. I. Immunochemical study also revealed a strong resemblance between each of them and thyroglobulin. Based on these results, together with other works, the structure and function of thyroglobulin are discussed.
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| 99.
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Itagaki, Eiji ; 板垣, 英治
概要:
A steroid monooxygenase from cells of a fungus, Cylindrocarpon radicicola ATCC 11011, grown in the presence of progester
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one has been purified by affinity chromatography on a pregnenolone-Sepharose column. The obtained enzyme was gel electrophoretically homogeneous and exhibited a molecular weight of about 115, 000. SDS-gel electrophoresis revealed that the enzyme consisted of two equal-sized subunits with a molecular weight of 56, 000.Sedimentation equilibrium analysis at 20°C indicated that the enzyme protein behaved as a mixture of monomeric and dimeric subunit species. The enzyme contained one molecule of FAD in each subunit and exhibited absorption maxima at 375 and 440 nm.The monooxygenase catalyzed a Baeyer-Villiger type oxidation, i.e., oxygenative esterification of C21-20-ketosteroid to form an acetate ester of C19- 17β-hydroxysteroid with consumptions of NADPH and molecular oxygen. The enzyme displayed a wide substrate specificity toward C21-20-ketosteroids, while it strictly required NADPH as the external electron donor in a ratio of 1:1:1 for ketosteroid: NADPH: molecular oxygen. Kinetic study showed the enzyme to have very high affinity for progesterone.
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| 100.
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Itagaki, Eiji ; 板垣, 英治
概要:
A steroid monooxygenase of Cylindrocarpon radicicola was found to catalyze oxygenative lactonization of 17α-etosteroid,
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androstenedione, to yield D-hmo-17α-oxasteroid, testololactone, i.e., the androstenedione monooxygenase reaction, in addition to catalyzing the progesterone monooxygenase reaction. The reaction product was identified by TLC, GLC, and mass spectrometry.The oxygenation proceeded with unitary stoichiometry for 17-ketosteroid, NADPH, and molecular oxygen, indicating that it is a typical monooxygenase reaction of the external electron donor type. The enzyme catalyzed successively the side chain cleavage reaction of 17α-hydroxy-20-ketosteroid to produce its 17-ketoerivative and the lactonization of the product.The effects of pH and of the concentration of substrate steroids on the androstenedione monooxygenase reaction were different from those on the progesterone onooxygenase reaction. Progesterone is a strong and competitive inhibitor of he lactonization of 17-ketosteroids. The steroid monooxygenase is concluded to ave the activities of both oxygenative esterification of 20-ketosteroids and oxygenative lactonization of 17-ketosteroids.
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