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| 1.
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Nishijima, Yoshinori ; 西嶋, 義憲
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域経済学経営学系<br />Persons or objects on signs seem to have a culturally preferred direction of facing (Kumakura, 1
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990). Is such a difference in direction also true of pictures on traffic signs between Japan and Germany? People in Japan and Germany drive on the left and the right side of the road, respectively. In this respect, a question arises: Does the difference between left-hand and right-hand traffic in these two countries influence the way the pictures on traffic signs face? The aim of this study is threefold: 1) to collect functionally equivalent traffic signs in Japan and Germany; 2) to compare the pictures on the signs between these countries with respect to their facing directions; and 3) to try to clarify whether and to what extent differences in facing directions are found on the traffic signs. The results are expected to contribute to the study of the relationship between writing directions and facing directions of pictures.
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| 2.
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Nishimoto, Yoichi ; 西本, 陽一
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This paper examines the characteristics of non-violent soft control in Japanese society through the case study of a neig
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hborhood association (NHA) in rural Japan. Although today many foreign tourists to Japan are impressed by the orderliness of the towns and the high level of discipline of the people, Japanese society is so standardized that not a few Japanese have the somewhat uneasy feeling of being controlled by unseen power. This paper examines the characteristics and changes of Japanese NHAs by using the theory of ‘friendly authoritarianism’ (Sugimoto 2014) that views Japanese NHAs as a form of regimentation through which dominant ideologies and norms become shared and naturalized by people of the grassroots. The aims of the paper are descriptive and theoretical. Based on fieldwork on a rural Japanese NHA, the paper offers detailed description of a NHA in rural Japan and attempts to answer the questions: (1) What are the characteristics of soft social control on individuals in Japan?; (2) To what extent does the theory of friendly authoritarianism apply to the case of a NHA in rural Japan?; and (3) What changes has a rural NHA undergone and what do these changes imply for the theory of friendly authoritarianism?<br />本稿は石川県能登地方の一町内会を事例に，日本社会における直接的な強制を伴わないソフトな社会統制の性質について検討する．Sugimoto（2014）は，日本の町内会は‘friendlyauthoritarianism’と呼びうる統治機構の一例であり，実際には同調圧力や相互監視を伴いながらも，理論的には住民が自主的に参加する行事や楽しみ会を通して，支配的なイデオロギーや規範が草の根レベルにまで，住民がはっきりと意識しない中で，浸透し共有されるしくみだと主張する．本稿は，能登の一町内会の事例を取りあげ，日本社会における社会統制の性質、‘friendly authoritarianism’理論の妥当性および近年の社会変化が社会統制機構としての町内会に及ぼした変化について検討する．
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| 3.
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Sato, Kyoko ; Iwatsubo, Yoshikane ; Watanabe, Mikio ; Serizawa, Shunsuke ; Naruhashi, Naohiro ; 佐藤, 杏子 ; 岩坪, 美兼 ; 渡邊, 幹男 ; 芹沢, 俊介 ; 鳴橋, 直弘
概要:
Chromosome numbers of Taraxacum officinale were examined in a total of 386 plants collected from 10 localities in the pl
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ains of Toyama Prefecture, central Honshu in Japan. They showed two chromosome counts of 2n=24 （triploid）and 32（tetraploid）.Of 386 plants examined, 231（59.8%）were triploids and 155（40.2%）were tetraploids. The two chromosome forms of T. officinale were distributed throughout all of the 10 localities studied, which indicates that the two forms of T. officinale are ubiquitously distributed in the plains of Toyama Prefecture.<br />富山県内10 ヵ所より採集したセイヨウタンポポ（Taraxacum officinale Weber）386 個体の染色体数を明らかにした。観察を行った386 個体中231個体（59.8%）は2n=24 の三倍体であり，155 個体（40.2%）は2n=32 の四倍体であった。10 ヵ所すべての採集地で2 つの細胞型が観察されたことから，富山県には遍在的に2 つの細胞型が混生していることが明らかとなった。
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| 4.
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Iwatsubo, Yoshikane ; 岩坪, 美兼
概要:
Following a thorough review of chromosome studies on the number, karyotype, and mitotic and meiotic chromosomal behavior
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s of Rumex acetosa, data collected on R. acetosa specimens in Toyama Prefecture, central Japan, are reported in this paper. A total of 1,640 individual R. acetosa specimens were collected from 17 localities in Toyama Prefecture. Nearly all individuals were diploid, with either 2n = 14 = 12+2X (1,296 individuals, 79.02%) or 2n = 15 = 12+X+ Y1Y2 (321 individuals, 19.57%). Seventeen individuals, constituting 1.04% of all plants examined, were triploid (nine individuals with 2n = 21 = 18+3X and eight individuals with 2n = 22 = 18+2X+Y1Y2). Four individuals were tetraploid (two individuals with 2n = 28 = 24+4X and two individuals with 2n = 29 = 24+3X+Y1Y2), and two individuals were aneuploid, with chromosome constitutions of 2n = 15 = 13+ 2X and 2n = 16 = 13+2X+Y2. Among the nine diploid karyotype forms classified by Ono (1935), AB was the most frequently (29.4%), followed by AD (20.1%), AA (15.7%), BB (11.3%), AC (9.6%), BD (8.6%), CD (2.5%), DD (1.8%), and CC (1.0%). No supernumerary segments (SS) were found on the A1 chromosomes of the individuals identified in the study. The frequency of SS5 chromosome occurrence in each locality of normal diploid plant A5 chromosomes was between 7.6% and 44.0%, with a mean frequency of 24.5%. These results indicate that SS5 chromosomes are prevalent, and that about one fourth of A5 chromosomes in Toyama Prefecture contain SS5 chromosomes. The frequency of SS6 chromosome occurrence in each locality of normal diploid plant A6 chromosomes was between 23.7% and 64.4%, with a mean frequency of 47.7%. These results indicate that SS6 chromosomes are also prevalent, and that nearly half of R. acetosa A6 chromosomes in Toyama Prefecture are composed of SS6 chromosomes.<br />スイバは，性染色体が分化した雌雄異株植物（雌株は2n = 12+2X, 雄株は2n =12+ X +Y1Y2）である。Y 染色体の動原体の位置と付随体のサイズは変異することが知られている。第1，5，6常染色体には，短腕に過剰分節（supernumerary segment）が存在するタイプと存在しないタイプの2型が存在するため，スイバの核型は多様である。最初に，これまでの染色体研究について概説することで，スイバにおいて明らかにされた核型変異について紹介を行った。次に，富山県産スイバの核型変異を明らかにすることを目的として，県内の17 カ所より採集した1,640個体について染色体の観察を行い，その結果を報告した。1,640個体のうち，二倍体雌個体（2n= 12+2X）は1296個体（79.07%），二倍体雄個体（2n= 12+ X+Y1Y2）は321個体（19.57%）であった。三倍体は17個体（1.2%）含まれており，2n = 18+XXXが9個体，2n = 18+XXYYが8 個体であった。四倍体は2n = 24+XXXXと2n = 24+XXXYYがそれぞれ2個体ずつの4個体，それに2n = 15 = 13+2X（1個体） と2n = 16 =13+2X+Y2（1個体）の2個体の異数体が含まれていた。48個体（全観察個体の3%）にはB染色体が存在した。日本産スイバには過剰分節の有無により，第1常染色体（A1），第5常染色体 （A5）， 第6常染色体（A6） に， それぞれに2型が知られている。観察を行った17カ所の二倍体個体における過剰分節をもった染色体の割合は，SS5（過剰分節をもつA5）が7.6% ～ 44.0%，平均24.5%であった。SS6（過剰分節をもつ A6）では23.7% ～64.4%，平均47.7%であった。過剰分節をもつ第1常染色体（SS1）は観察されなかった。イギリスにおいてSS6は1月の1日の平均気温が4.4 ℃以下の地域のスイバには存在しないことが報告されている。スイバを対象とした細胞地理学的研究において，SS1，SS5，SS6 染色体の国内での分布域を明らかにすることが望まれる。
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| 5.
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Sato, Hiroyuki ; 佐藤, 広行
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北海道石狩市のマクンベツ湿原において，ミズバシ ョウの肉穂花序にある花被片が仏炎包のように変化している個体群を発見した。この個体群は雌しべ，雄しべや花被片が退化しており，仏炎苞のようになっていた。
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| 6.
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Himi, Hidenari ; Iwatsubo, Yoshikane ; Naruhashi, Naohiro ; 氷見, 栄成 ; 岩坪, 美兼 ; 鳴橋, 直弘
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| 7.
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Funamoto, Tsuneo ; Harana, Tomoko ; Nakamura, Takuzo ; 船本, 常男 ; 図師, 正敏 ; 原名, 智子 ; 中村, 卓造
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| 8.
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Ito, Michiho ; Honda, Gisho ; 伊藤, 美千穂 ; 本多, 義昭
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[論文] Articles
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| 9.
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Hoang, Anh Tuan ; ホアン, アン トゥアン
概要:
In recent years, Vietnam's rapid economic growth has been accompanied, as in many other parts of the developing world, by increasing geographical labor mobility; the number of Vietnamese who have moved to Japan for work has also
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increased rapidly. However, while much attention is given to the needs and well-being of Vietnamese migrants, including raising their awareness of migration prior to their departure and during their time abroad. Less attention, however, is given to their reintegration upon their return to Vietnam. This study examines the experiences of Vietnamese migrant workers returning from Japan to rural areas, focusing on those who have faced difficulties in their reintegration process. The study's findings indicate that Vietnamese migrant workers face challenges in the return and reintegration stage, the most important point being that experienced migrants have had difficulty reintegrating locally; the financial situation of several returnees worsened as a result of their labor migration, and some fell into debt upon their return and struggled to find work. Access to information about the domestic employment market, and resources for the support ofreturnees, have been limited and ineffective. Returning migrants found that upon their return, their capacities were not sufficiently recognized; few opportunities existed to develop their careers, and local businesses were often unattractive employers. The intention to re-migrate is a common feature among returned migrants, as they are often unsatisfied with their return and express a desire to re-emigrate in the future.
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| 10.
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Naruhashi, Naohiro ; Seki, Hirotaka ; Yakur, Yasuo ; Nagata, Yukiyas ; Iwatsubo, Yoshikane ; 鳴橋, 直弘 ; 関, 弘毅 ; 矢倉, 保男 ; 永田, 幸泰 ; 岩坪, 美兼
概要:
Chromosome numbers of Duchesnea（Rosaceae）of 2,133 sites in the area comprising eight prefectures in cen-tral Honshu were
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investigated. Diploid, triploid, heptaploid, octoploid and dodecaploid plants were observed. The triploid plant was found in only one site in Gifu Prefecture. Diploid and dodecaploid plants were very common. Heptaploid and octoploid plants which are believed to be natural hybrids between diploid and dodecaploid plants were variable in distribution depending on the areas, i.e., higher rate distribution of them in the Japan Sea side than those of the Pacific side. The reason of the high frequency of both heptaploid and octoploid plants in the Ja-pan Sea side may be the high rate emergence of hybrid achenes, however, the exact matter is obscure.
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| 11.
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Nishino, Tatsuya
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The provision of housing for the elderly remains a key issue in every ageing society. In contrast, day centres for the e
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lderly have not been given the same level of attention. However, day centres for the elderly are expected to play a more important role in global ageing populations, since keeping the care-needing elderly living in their own homes with proper care services has become part of the mainstream social care vision. Particularly in the kinds of under-populated and ageing areas that are increasing in ageing countries, the lack of day service provision causes direct inconvenience to elderly residents. Focusing on the case of a moderately mountainous area in Japan, where a care system centred on the public hospital has been established, in this paper the discussion focuses on systems of elderly care and the roles they play, by examining the overall picture of the elderly who use such centres. Copyright © 2015 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
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| 12.
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Kohsaka, Ryo ; Matsutani, Hiroaki ; Matsuoka, Hikaru ; Tomiyoshi, Mitsuyuki
概要:
International tourists to Japan have attracted considerable attention in the Japanese tourism sector. In particular, tou
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rists from Asia, China in particular, are increasingly recognized as an important target group. To accommodate the demands of foreign tourists, the tourism industry must investigate the satisfaction and preferences of such tourists, as well as the challenges encountered by both tourists and gastronomy sectors. By comparing the responses of tourists with those in the service sector, this study identified future tasks for inbound tourism. This study focused on tourists from Hong Kong and Taiwan. In a parallel questionnaire, employees of restaurants in Kanazawa City were interviewed. The results of the survey on tourists from Hong Kong and Taiwan were compared with the results from non-Asian tourists. A significant difference was observed as regards the communication between tourists and staff (i.e., the language barrier) between the two groups. In addition, the level of satisfaction on Wi-Fi Internet access is the lowest amongst all the survey items regardless of the tourists’ nationality. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.<br />after a 18 months embargo
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| 13.
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Uchiyama, Yuta ; Kohsaka, Ryo
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y-uchiyama@staff.kanazawa-u.ac.jp<br />We analyzed cognitive values of the local residents by examining the correlation
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of the cognitive value and distances from the place of residence by respondents. The results are from the local residents who are frequently the main stakeholders for resource managements. The research site is Noto region in Ishikawa, Japan. We identified that tourism resources can be grouped into three categories: (i) the values of resources distributed along quadratic functions (U curve), (ii) those that decreased along negative linear functions, and (iii) those that did not have clear linear or nonlinear relationships between accessibility and their values. Moreover, impressions by residents in verbal terms were examined whether these impressions had correlation with the tourism resources. The typology and their linkage to impressions by residents in quantitative approaches provide us with unique perspectives for sustainable tourism management and destination management by combining of the different tourism resources. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.<br />Embargo Period 36 months
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| 14.
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Tawara, Tomoe ; Matsui, Kiyoko
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Takabayashi, Chikako ; Shimada, Keiko
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />The aim of this study was to clarify the perceptions of both infertile women accessing support serv
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ices from local governments related to infertility treatment and the public servants providing that assistance. This cross-sectional descriptive study surveyed 62 local government staff members who managed medical expense subsidy programs for infertility treatment in the Hokuriku region of Japan and 84 infertile women attending the clinics. We measured the levels of satisfaction regarding the support services from local governments and the perceptions of the importance of each type of support. The data were analyzed descriptively and included factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. Local governments' support services were analyzed by using four factors: providing information, education and consultation, improving existing services, and improving access. Both the women and the staff endorsed the importance of information provision, the easing of restrictions on subsidies for infertility treatment, reconsideration of the application procedures, and improvement of the publicizing of the available subsidies. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.
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| 16.
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Tanaka, Hiroki ; Sugita-Kounishi, Yuka ; Takino, Masahiko ; Tanaka, Toshitsugu ; Toriba, Akira ; Hayakawa, Kazuichi
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系<br />By adopting a rapid and sensitive method for simultaneous detection of nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalen
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ol (DON), fusarenon-X (FX), 3-acetyl deoxinivalenol (3ADON), HT-2 toxin (HT-2), T-2 toxin (T-2) and zearalenone (ZEN), the natural occurrence of these mycotoxins in biscuits made of wheat (201 samples) in Japan was surveyed. Samples were analyzed by LC/MS with atmospheric pressure photo ionization (APPI). Further confirmation was performed by liquid chromatography/time of flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOFMS). The average contamination of each Fusarium mycotoxin was 3.1, 23, 0.7, 0.1 and 4.2 ng/g for NIV, DON, HT-2, T-2 and ZEN, respectively. Multiple toxins were observed in 120 samples while FX and 3ADON were not detected. The incidence of these toxins was 41% for NIV, 98% for DON, 19% for HT-2, 11% for T-2 and 2% for ZEN. There were no significant differences in the concentration and incidence between conventional biscuits made of wheat and biscuits made of wheat for infants. This is the first report concerning the presence of NIV, DON, HT-2, T-2 and ZEN in biscuits in Japan. © 2010 The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.
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| 17.
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Kanemoto, Tadashi
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Cytogeography of three species of Pellionia was described from a total of 1,436 collections from 192 localities in Japan. Di-, tri-, tetra- and pentaploid plants were found in P . minima and P . scabra, and tri-, tetra- and pen-taploid
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plants in P . radicans.In P . minima and P . radicans, tetraploidy is common and dominant in all locali-ties. Triploid plants were distributed in their ranges of scattering. In P . scabra, on the other hand, tri- and tetraploid plants are similaly common but they are found in separate populations. Whereas triploid plants occur in western Japan, including Shikoku and Kyushu, the tetraploid plants are mostly found in central Japan as well as Ryukyu Islands. No clear correlation between polyploidy and latitude in P . minima, P . radicans and P . scabra could be established within the study area.
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| 18.
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Sawanomukai, Takashi ; Iwatsubo, Yoshikane ; Naruhashi, Naohiro
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Chromosome counts of 16 species and two varieties of Scutellaria（Lamiaceae）collected from 45 localities in Ja-pan were r
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eported. First counts were the following 11 taxa : S . amabilis（2n=26）, S . brachyspica（2n=26）, S . in-dica var. parvifolia（2n=26）, S . iyoensis（2n=26）, S . kiusiana（2n=26）, S . laeteviolacea var. laeteviolacea（2n =26）, S . laeteviolacea var. maekawae（2n=26）, S . muramatsui（2n=26）, S . pekinensis var. transitra（2n=28）, S . shikokiana（2n=28）and S . tsusimensis（2n=26）. New counts were reported in S . dependens（2n=28）, S . strigil-losa（2n=30）and S . yezoensis（2n=30）. Chromosome counts for S . barbata（2n=26）, S . guilielmii（2n=28）, S . indica var. indica（2n=26）and S . rubropunctata var. rubropunctata（2n=26）were confirmed.
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| 19.
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Iwatsubo, Yoshikane ; Kawasaki, Tetsuya ; Naruhashi, Naohiro
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Chromosome counts of 193 taxa including wild taxa in the Prunus subg. Cerasus in Japan were reported. Among 193 taxa, the chromosome counts of 148 taxa were determined for the first time. The taxa studied in-cluded 161 diploids, 30
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triploids, one tetraploid, and one hexaploid. This study showed that the majority of the cultivated Prunus subg. Cerasus taxa of Japan are diploid.
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| 20.
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Nakamura, Yosikazu ; Watanabe, Makoto ; Nagoshi, Kiwamu ; Yamada, Masahito ; Mizusawa, Hidehiro
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />BACKGROUND: The geographic mortality difference of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is still unclear in Jap
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an. METHODS: Using vital statistics of Japan for 6 year period between 1999 and 2004 officially published by the government, we observed the mortality from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (ICD-10th: A81.0 and A81.8) by prefecture. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated for the 47 prefectures. RESULTS: For the observed 6 years, a total of 792 deaths from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease were observed whole in Japan. Two prefectures, Akita and Yamanashi, presented significantly high standardized mortality ratios. In addition, Tochigi, Kochi, and Nagasaki showed standardized mortality rates higher than 1.5 without significance. No prefecture had significantly low standardized mortality ratios. CONCLUSION: Some prefectures with high mortality rate from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease existed in Japan. Some of them had high incidence rate in a survey conducted in 1996 as well. J Epidemiol 2007; 17: 19-24.
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| 21.
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Takabayashi, Chikako ; Shimada, Keiko
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Objective: To investigate the evaluation of local government Web sites carrying information on infertility by infertile
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women and by government staff. In particular, the study investigated whether the women and staff differed with respect to the information they rate as important and their self-reported satisfaction with the Web sites. Design and Sample: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Sixty-two local government staff members, of whom 46 were public health nurses managing subsidy programs for infertility treatment in the Hokuriku region of Japan, and 84 infertile women attending local clinics. Measures: We measured the level of satisfaction with the local government Web sites and perceptions about the importance of each type of content. Data were descriptively analyzed, as well as by factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results: Local government Web sites were analyzed with respect to information about the treatment, details of the subsidy program, psychological support, and procedures for making a subsidy application. Conclusions: The women rated information on the treatment and details of the subsidy programs as important. There was no difference of satisfaction with the Web sites between the infertile women and the staff. Local government staff need to provide reliable data for women who are seeking information on infertility treatment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 22.
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Kinuya, Seigo ; Kuwabara, Yasuo ; Inoue, Kentaro ; Sakamoto, Setsu ; Shimosegawa, Eku ; Takeoka, Keiko ; Takeda, Yoshihiro ; Toyama, Hiroshi ; Niio, Yasuo ; Nishiyama, Yoshihiro ; Yoshinaga, Keiichiro ; Yoshimura, Mana
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Objective The Subcommittee on the Survey of Nuclear Medical Practice in Japan has performed a nationwide survey of nucle
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ar medicine practice every 5 years since 1982 to survey contemporary nuclear medicine practice and its changes over the years. Methods The subcommittee sent questionnaires, including the number and category of examinations as well as the kind and dose of the radiopharmaceuticals during the 30 days of June 2012, to all the nuclear medicine institutes. The total numbers for the year 2012 were then estimated. Results A total of 1,167 institutes responded to the survey, including the 14 in vitro assay institutes and 266 PET centers. The recovery rate was 92 %. The number of gamma cameras installed was 1,425 in total, with 9 % decrease in 5 years. Dual-head cameras and hybrid SPECT/CT scanners accounted for 84 and 10.5 %, respectively. The number of single-photon tracer studies in 2012 was 1.15 million which means decrease in 19 % in 5 years and 29 % in 10 years. All but cerebral perfusion study and sentinel lymphoscintigraphy have decreased. Bone scintigraphy was a leading examination (38.7 %), followed by cardiac studies (29.4 %) and cerebral perfusion study (18.5 %) in order. SPECT studies showed an increase from 42.3 to 47.2 %. PET centers have also increased from 212 to 295, as compared to the last survey. The 135 PET centers have installed one or two in-house cyclotrons. PET studies showed 25.5 % increase in 5 years, with oncology accounting for 96.3 %. 18F-FDG accounted for 98.2 % (505,990 examinations). PET examinations using 11C-methionine have been increasing, with 3,352 examinations in 2012. The number of new PET studies using 11C-PIB PET was 695. 131I-radioiodine targeted therapies showed an increase, including 3,644 patients (53.6 %) for thyroid cancer and 4,889 patients (17.9 %) for hyperthyroidism. Out-patient thyroid bed ablation therapy with 30 mCi of 131I accounted for 21.0 % of cancer patients. The number of admission rooms decreased from 158 to 135 in 5 years. In vitro radioassays have been declining continuously since 1992, with the number of studies of 9.0 million in 2012. Conclusions Single-photon examinations showed a continuous tendency toward a decline in the survey. In contrast, the number of hybrid SPECT/CT scanner examinations has increased. PET/CT study in the oncology field and radionuclide targeted therapy have steadily increased. © 2014 The Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine.
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| 23.
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Murono, Shigeyuki ; Nakanishi, Yosuke ; Tsuji, Akira ; Endo, Kazuhira ; Kondo, Satoru ; Wakisaka, Naohiro ; Yoshida, Hiroshi ; Yoshizaki, Tomokazu
概要:
Objective: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) has historically been and still continues to be a difficult disease to treat. The present study aimed to characterize current practices in the treatment of RRP in Japan. Methods: A
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questionnaire was posted to the Department of Otolaryngology of all 80 central university hospitals in Japan. Results: A total of 56 universities responded to the survey. Regarding the use of surgical instruments, a trend toward a preference for lasers (50 hospitals) rather than a microdebrider (16 hospitals) or cold instruments (20 hospitals) was observed. Among the 50 hospitals frequently performing laser surgery, a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser was most commonly used, followed by a potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser. The most favored adjuvant therapy was traditional Chinese medicine. Eight of the 56 university hospitals had an experience of using cidofovir, involving a total of 28 patients. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the current trends in the management of RRP based on a questionnaire survey in a geographical area other than the US and UK for the first time. Treatment trends were generally similar in all three areas except for the least popular use of cidofovir in Japan.
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| 24.
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Mogi, Motoyoshi ; Tuno, Nobuko
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The impact of climate change on the distribution of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) was analyzed in northern Japan, where chron
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ological distribution records are incomplete. We analyzed local climate data using linear regression of the thermal suitability index (TSI) for the mosquito and mean annual temperature as functions of time. In northern Japan, thermal conditions since the early 20th century have become increasingly suitable for Ae. albopictus, more as a result of decreasing coldness in the overwintering season than increasing warmth in the reproductive season. Based on recent discovery records of Ae. albopictus in the northern border range, we determined thermal criteria for estimating when its persistent establishment became thermally possible. Retrospective analyses indicated that those criteria were reached in most coastal lowlands of northern Honshu before the accelerated temperature increase after the mid-1980s and the first records of this species after 1990; at some sites, temperature criteria were reached during or before the early 20th century. Expansion of the thermally suitable range after 1990 was supported only for inland areas and the northernmost Pacific coast. The estimated expansion rate was ≈26 km per decade. Our analyses also demonstrated the importance of local climate heterogeneity (apart from north-south or altitudinal temperature gradients) in determining the expansion pattern. © 2014 Entomological Society of America.
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| 25.
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Mogi, Motoyoshi ; Tuno, Nobuko
概要:
The impact of climate change on the distribution of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) was analyzed in northern Japan, where chron
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ological distribution records are incomplete. We analyzed local climate data using linear regression of the thermal suitability index (TSI) for the mosquito and mean annual temperature as functions of time. In northern Japan, thermal conditions since the early 20th century have become increasingly suitable for Ae. albopictus, more as a result of decreasing coldness in the overwintering season than increasing warmth in the reproductive season. Based on recent discovery records of Ae. albopictus in the northern border range, we determined thermal criteria for estimating when its persistent establishment became thermally possible. Retrospective analyses indicated that those criteria were reached in most coastal lowlands of northern Honshu before the accelerated temperature increase after the mid-1980s and the first records of this species after 1990; at some sites, temperature criteria were reached during or before the early 20th century. Expansion of the thermally suitable range after 1990 was supported only for inland areas and the northernmost Pacific coast. The estimated expansion rate was ≈26 km per decade. Our analyses also demonstrated the importance of local climate heterogeneity (apart from north-south or altitudinal temperature gradients) in determining the expansion pattern. © 2014 Entomological Society of America.
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| 26.
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Hayashi, Toshihiko ; Tuno, Nobuko
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域 自然システム学系<br />キノコ類より発生した日本産フンコバエ科(改称)7種を記録した。日本においてフンコバエ類がキノコより発生した例は従来知られておらず, 今回が初めての記録である。フンコバエ類と発生したキノコ種は以
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下のとおりである。アシマダラオオフンコバエ, 新称Crumomyia annulus (Walker), キララタケ;ヤマトオオフンコバエ, 改称(マダラオオハヤトビバエ)C. nipponica (Richards), アミガサタケ;アシジロツヤホソフンコバエ, 新称Minilimosina (Svarciella) furculisterna (Deeming), キララタケ;モリフンコバエ, 新称Paralimosina japonica Hayashi, アミガサタケ;ヒメフンコバエ, 改称(ヒメハヤトビバエ)Spelobia luteilabris (Rondani), キララタケ・ヒトヨタケ・オオイチョウタケ・シカタケ;ホソカドマルフンコバエ, 改称(ホソカドマルハヤトビバエ)Terrilimosina longipexa Marshall, キララタケ;コガタカドマルフンコバエ, 改称(コガタカドマルハヤトビバエ)T. nana Hayashi, キララタケ。なお本科の科名には従来ハヤトビバエ科という和名が使われてきたが, 飛翔力が非常に弱い本科には実体に合わないので, 英名Lesser dung flyにちなみ, フンコバエ科という和名を新たに提唱した。 Seven species of the lesser dung flies emerged from fungi are recorded. Japanese records of fungi as food for sphaerocerid larvae are presented here for the first time. Two species, Minilimosina (Svarciella) furculisterna (Deeming, 1969) and Terrilimosina longipexa Marshall, 1987 are newly recorded from Hokkaido.
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| 27.
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Kano, Makoto ; Kondo, Satoru ; Wakisaka, Naohiro ; Moriyama-Kita, Makiko ; Endo, Kazuhira ; Nakanishi, Yosuke ; Murono, Shigeyuki ; Nakamura, Hiroyuki ; Yoshizaki, Tomokazu
概要:
Objective: Although Japan is a non-endemic area with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the proportion of WHO type I NPC in
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Japan are different from that in non-endemic areas such as North America and Europe. Recently, it is said that not only Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) but also human papillomavirus (HPV) has an influence on NPC in non-endemic areas. The aim of this study is to clarify the influence of HPV on NPC in Japan. Methods: Paraffin-embedded tumor specimens were available for 59 patients with NPC diagnosed between 1996 and 2015. We detected the virus status by p16 immunohistochemistry, HPV PCR, and in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded RNA. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare the overall survival by viral status. Results: Among the 59 patients, 49 (83%) were EBV-positive/HPV-negative, 2 (3%) were EBV-positive/HPV-positive, and 8 (16%) were EBV-negative/HPV-negative. All HPV-positive NPCs were co-infected with EBV. There were no significant differences between the overall survival in the three groups (p=0.111). Conclusion: In Japan, HPV was detected in a few patients with NPC, and we suggest that HPV has no influence on NPC carcinogenesis in this population. © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.<br />Embargo period 12 months
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| 28.
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Yushi, Utaka
概要:
Itsukushima Shinto Shrine is the supreme example that represents the legacy of Japanese tradition as well as the beauty and harmony of nature, humankind and the gods. This oldest shrine, believed to be established in the 6th century, has
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maintained authentic religious practices by the Shinto masters and community over the centuries. The shrine was inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 1996. The shrine is observed floating above the sea during high tide and visitors have been fascinated by its beauty since the Japanese Edo period, when the Samurai rulers were allowed to issue travel permission to the population to travel to selected destinations, including Itsukushima. It was the beginning of a legacy of a prime tourist destination. Arguably, the circumstances of Itsukushima Shinto Shrine are encroached on by residential and commercial districts which accommodate over 3.5 million annual visitors, and the authorities and industrial sector giving more encouragement to the tourism industry after the site's World Heritage listing. Furthermore, the geographical setting and cosmology of Itsukushima Shinto Shrine is not limited to the island territory. There is a holy axis from the shrine that crosses the channel and reaches to the mainland where most of the hilly areas are occupied by residential, commercial and industrial land uses. Itsukushima Shinto Shrine exists peacefully, it is even said that holiness and contemporary needs have co-existed within this particular enclave. However, due to recent global warming, the sensitive geographical setting of the shrine is facing greater threats. In recent years, Itsukushima has suffered ever more serious damage by natural disasters never observed before. This paper intends to provide a broader perspective, connecting both protected property and surrounding geographical territory for future heritage site management.
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Koji, Shinsaku ; Nakamura, Akinori ; Nakamura, Koji
概要:
Populations of the Heike firefly, Luciola lateralis, a representative species of Japan's traditional agricultural landsc
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ape (known as satoyama), have recently experienced rapid declines in many areas of Japan. Owing to the popularity of this firefly, many local communities have increased conservation efforts through the restoration of aquatic habitat complexes in satoyama. To provide fundamental parameters to predict population dynamics of the firefly, we conducted a mark-recapture study in restored paddy fields, and we estimated adult population parameters such as population size, survival, recruitment, sex ratio, and body size. We found that capture probability generally decreased as the season advanced, probably because of seasonal changes in detectability and/or firefly behavior. The daily survival rate of adults decreased over the season and may be related to a seasonal decline in adult body size. Adult population exhibited a highly male-biased sex ratio. Firefly abundance in the restored paddy fields doubled during the 4-year study period. Our analysis showed that adult detectability, recruitment, and survival rate are seasonally variable and could affect population size estimates obtained by a simple flash census. The mark-recapture technique can provide precise estimates of adult L. lateralis population characteristics and, thus, is a valuable method for predicting firefly populations and assessing the success of the restoration program. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
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Achour, Nebil ; Miyajima, Masakatsu ; 宮島, 昌克
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系<br />The Japanese Prefecture of Kumamoto experienced a series of strong earthquakes in April 2016 caus
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ing widespread damage and had a serious impact on local communities. The events caused over 3000 casualties and affected the continuity of healthcare services. Many hospitals had to be evacuated but the reasons for this evacuation are not clear. This research aims to investigate the impact of damage on the performance of the healthcare service through a survey of 118 healthcare facilities. The study connects earthquake metrics and the loss of healthcare service functionality and reveals the reasons for which facilities were totally or partially evacuated. Findings suggest that the reasons are mainly damage to buildings, critical systems, and medical equipment. It concludes by estimating that the stricken areas lost approximately 15% of their healthcare functionality. The study also concludes that the current building standards increased the performance of hospital buildings by approximately 10%; however, more attention is needed to protect architectural and critical systems. © The Author(s) 2020.
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Takahashi, Ryoko ; 高橋, 涼子
概要:
In Asian countries there is often a gap between rapid economic growth and the development of welfare policies.Moreover,
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political systems are not always democratic. In order for disabled people in Asia to form disabled people’s organizations (DPOs) and participate in policymaking, it will no doubt be necessary to establish special conditions, while referring to the experience of Western countries. I begin the article by outlining the strong Japanese and Korean disabled citizens’ movements and their influence on policymaking. Then, I study the process of formulating policies for the disabled and the advocacy of DPOs in Vietnam. I suggest that the experiences of these countries have shown the importance of networking with no differentiation according to type of disability, as well as the importance of strategies devised with the political situation in mind. In particular, making the most of the pressure for international cooperation through measures such as the ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is necessary for reforming the welfare systems and enabling networking among DPOs. The case study of Vietnam also reveals a need for collaboration between domestic DPOs and overseas NGOs, based on the relevant domestic political systems.<br />障害のある人々の当事者団体がアドボカシー活動を通して福祉政策形成に参加する仕組みが根づいている欧米に対して、政治風土の異なるアジアについて、いち早く福祉国家化した日本とそれに続く韓国、さらに近年、急速に経済発展し社会主義国でありつつ欧米のDPO・NGO の政策策定支援を受け入れつつ福祉政策を整備するベトナムを取り上げ、当事者参加の条件を検討した。その結果、障害種別を超えたネットワーク形成で発言力を高めるという欧米との共通点に加え、政治状況に柔軟に対応する戦略と、国連障害者権利条約の批准という国際的な潮流と国内外のネットワークの効果的な活用、さらにベトナムに関する検討からは、社会主義体制と開発援助の枠組みをふまえた戦略の重要性を確認した。また社会体制は異なりつつ共通する、障害のある人のケア責任を家族に負わせる福祉システムの変革の必要性を示唆した。
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