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論文
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Nishijima, Yoshinori ; 西嶋, 義憲
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域経済学経営学系<br />Interest in the linguistic study of perspectives from which linguistic expressions are formulate
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d has been revived in the past 20 years, due to the recent development of cognitive linguistics. Among the many contributions to the study of such perspectives, Ikegami (2000) clearly showed that Japanese differs from English, through a comparison of a Japanese literary text with its English translation. However, there has been little discussion on the methods employed for comparison in the studies on this topic. The purpose of the present paper is threefold: (1) to describe what methodological problems are recognized in previous contrastive studies on the perspectives, especially in the field of cognitive linguistics; (2) in order to avoid methodological problems, to propose an alternative method for a more objective comparison of the perspectives between two languages; and (3) to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method for contrasting formulation patterns in terms of their perspective by some of the data obtained.
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論文
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Nishijima, Yoshinori ; 西嶋, 義憲
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域経済学経営学系<br />Research on the perspectives from which linguistic expressions are formulated has increased in t
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he past 20 years due to the development of cognitive linguistics. For example, Ikegami (2000) showed that Japanese and English speakers employ different perspectives by comparing the opening sentence of a Japanese literary text with its English translation. Similarly, Narita (2009) compared sentences from literary texts with their translations in Japanese and German. However, these studies analyzing literary text translations contain little discussion on the validity of the translation-based comparison method, particularly in terms of comparability and objectivity. This paper has three purposes: (1) to claim that the original and translation-based methods are not always appropriate for perspective studies; (2) to propose, as an alternative method, comparing functionally equivalent formulas used on public signs, i.e., Watch your step, Keep out, and Out of Service; and (3) to show how Japanese differs from German in the perspectives from which corresponding expressions in the two languages are formulated. Expressions were collected from signs on buses, trains, and railway stations in Japan and Germany. Examples include Haire-masen/Kein Eingang (‘No entrance’), Senro-ni orite-wa ike-masen/Ausstieg verboten (‘Do not go down to the railway track’), and ishitsubutsu-gakari/Fundbüro (‘Lost and found’). Functionally equivalent expressions were selected for the analysis. For example, a formula telling bus passengers that the bus will stop at the next station is Tsugi tomari-masu (next.TOP stop.HON) in Japanese and Wagen hält (vehicle.NOM stop.PRES) in German. These corresponding expressions can be compared syntactically and semantically. The former has no surface-level subject; it conveys that “I” and “we” or the bus will stop at the next station. The scene is described from the perspective inside the situation, i.e., from within the bus. The latter has a third-person subject, Wagen, signifying that the bus is observed from the perspective outside the situation. These different perspectives and their occurrence distributions are shown through the comparison of corresponding sign expressions. The analysis reveals that Japanese tends to formulate expressions from a perspective inside the scene where the event occurs, whereas German expresses sentences from the perspective outside the scene.<br />19th International Congress of Linguists(19 ICL), 21-27 July 2013 Geneva
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