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研究代表者 細川晃
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研究代表者 細川晃
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古本, 達明 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 細川, 晃 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; 嵐, 友哉 ; 杉原, 成良 ; 和賀, 正明 ; 今野, 明 ; Furumoto, Tatsuaki ; Ueda, Takashi ; Hosokawa, Akira ; Tanaka, Ryutaro ; Arashi, Tomoya ; Sugihara, Nariyoshi ; Waga, Masaaki ; Konno, Akira
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />In dental treatment with Nd:YAG laser, the laser beam which ordinarily comes out from the optical fi
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ber is effective to eliminate the enamel and the dentin. A diffused and circumferential laser beam, which is produced by using a processed optical fiber at the tip, is effective for the treatment of soft tissue. In this report, the processing characteristics of the enamel and the dentin by the titanium–processed fiber (TP fiber) are investigated. On the cavity made in the enamel and the dentin, the volume and maximum depth are measured by a 3D surface profiling system and compared with that of the non–processed fiber. Furthermore, the cavity of the enamel made by Nd:YAG laser beam are observed by the high–speed video camera. 本研究は,Nd:YAGレーザを用いた高度歯科治療の実現を目的として行っている.これまで,ファイバ先端を酸化チタン粉末で加工してレーザ直進光を減衰させ,360度全方位にレーザ照射を行う手法を提案した.そして,加工条件の検討により先端のエネルギ分布が調整可能なことを示した.本報告では,先端加工ファイバを用いた歯質の窩洞形成特性を調べると共に,その歯質表面を高速度カメラで撮影した内容について考察する.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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古本, 達明 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 加納, 康弘 ; 細川, 晃 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; Furumoto, Tatsuaki ; Ueda, Takashi ; Kano, Yasuhiro ; Hosokawa, Akira ; Tanaka, Ryutaro
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />Recently, a multifunction machine, in which a ferrous based powder bed is selectively heated and fus
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ed by a laser beam irradiation and the edge of consolidated structure obtained is cut with end mill, has been developed to produce an injection molding die. This device has an advantage that the molding die does not have to divide into each block for locating the cooling channels. However, it has difficulty finishing the inner wall located as cooling channels in the injection mold. This paper deals with a polishing of inner wall with flowing slurry at high performance. In order to investigate the influence of various conditions on the polishing of the inner wall, the effects of grain size and polishing time on the polishing characteristics are evaluated experimentally. 近年，金属粉末の積層造形と造形物表面の仕上げ加工を複合化し，高精度に射出成形用金型を造形する加工機が開発され注目されている．本研究では，同装置で製作した金型の冷却水管について，その内面を遊離砥粒でクリーニングを行う新しい加工法を提案する．まずまじめに，その加工原理と各加工条件が内面性状に与える影響について調べた結果について報告する.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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古本, 達明 ; 上田, 隆司 ; Abdullah, Yassin ; 細川, 晃 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; 阿部, 諭 ; Furumoto, Tatsuaki ; Ueda, Takashi ; Yassin, Abdullah ; Hosokawa, Akira ; Tanaka, Ryutaro ; Abe, Satoshi
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />In order to manufacture the part of a small lot at lower cost and shorter lead-time, various techniq
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ues, such as a rapid tooling, reverse engineering and high speed milling, are proposed. Recently, milling-combined laser metal sintering system (MLMS), which is the devise of sintering the metal powder and milling the sintered metal with end mill at the one process, has been developed to produce the injection molding dies. In this report, the sintering characteristics of the metal powder used for rapid tooling with Yb:fiber laser are described. Relationship between the surface roughness of the plate and sintering conditions, such as a scanning speed and laser power, are investigated. Moreover, the adhesion force between the each plate and the sintered line are measured with dynamometer. 本研究は，ファイバーレーザを用いて金属粉末を高精度に三次元造形することを目的として行っている．異なる面性状を有する鋼材プレート上に，ファイバーレーザを用いてライン焼結を行い，レーザ焼結条件と各種プレート上における焼結特性との関係を調べると共に，燒結金属の切削特性を調べてプレートに対する密着強度を評価している.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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古本, 達明 ; Abdullah, Yassin ; 塚本, 卓 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 細川, 晃 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; 阿部, 諭 ; Furumoto, Tatsuaki ; Yassin, Abdullah ; Tukamoto, Takashi ; Ueda, Takashi ; Hosokawa, Akira ; Tanaka, Ryutaro ; Abe, Satoshi
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />A simple measurement method of a thermal conductivity in fine metal powder for rapid prototyping is
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proposed. When the heating time to the metal powder t is short enough compared with the time until the metal powder reaches the maximum temperature T (t/T<0.1), and the measurement depth from a surface Z is longer than the diameter of the heat source a (Z/a>1.23), it is shown that the thermal conductivity of a metal powder can be calculated precisely by measuring the time that the temperature reaches the maximum value. As work materials, SCM powder and copper powder are used. As a result, the thermal conductivity of a metal powder and a sintered material are quite small compared with that of a metal, and the materials, the shapes and the diameter of a metal powder have little influence on the thermal conductivity. 金属粉末をレーザ焼結するとき,レーザ光の吸収特性や生じた熱の伝導特性を知ることが重要となる.本研究では,粉末表面に照射したレーザ光で生じた熱が,粉末内部の一定距離離れた位置まで伝導する時間を測定することで,簡易的に粉末の熱伝導率を導出する手法を提案している.また,同手法で金属粉末の材質,粒径,形状の違いによる熱伝導率の変化を調べると共に,レーザ焼結した材料の焼結条件と熱伝導特性について調べている.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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細川, 晃 ; 佐藤, 孝志 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 上田, 隆司 ; Hosokawa, Akira ; Sato, Takashi ; Yamada, Keiji ; Ueda, Takashi
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />前報ではA系砥石を対象として，種々のドレス条件で作成した異なった砥石作業面を研削音で識別できることを示した．本報では，無気孔型超砥粒砥石への適用性について検討している．レジンボンドCBN砥石について，
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砥粒突出し量を変化させて異なった状態を形成した場合，研削音によって識別可能であることがわかった．ただし，A系砥石と異なり，識別に用いる周波数帯域によって識別精度が大きく影響を受ける．このことより，砥石作業面の特徴を顕著に表す周波数領域を用いる必要性が確認された.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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吉田, 剛 ; 細川, 晃 ; 古本, 達明 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; 上田, 隆司 ; Yoshida, Takeshi ; Hosokawa, Akira ; Furumoto, Tatuaki ; Tanaka, Ryutaro ; Ueda, Takashi
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />Nd:YAGレーザによるメタルボンドダイヤモンド砥石のレーザドレッシング法を検討している．これまで，レーザと同時にエアを吹き付けることによって，ボンド剤が再凝固する前に除去できることを明らかにした．本
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法では，さらなる効率化とより実用的な観点から，レーザとエアを同時に照射可能な一体型ヘッドを作製し，それによるドレッシング特性を検討している.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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田中, 隆太郎 ; 細川, 晃 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 林, 勇伝 ; Tanaka, Ryutaro ; Hosokawa, Akira ; Yamada, Keiji ; Ueda, Takashi ; Lin, Yongchuan
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />This study deals with the machinability of steels in turning with additional current. Tested work ma
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terials were plane carbon steel JIS S45C and BN added steel which has good machinability at high cutting speed. Turning tests were performed by carbide tool P30 in order to investigate the influence of electrical conditions of closed circuit system on the cutting mechanism of BN added steel. The tool life and cutting force was investigated practically and these results were discussed. 従来,鋼の被削性を改善するために快削性添加物や鋼中の介在物の組成や形態を制御するなど多くの快削鋼が研究·開発がされてきた.その中のひとつであるBN添加鋼は切削中にベラーグと呼ばれる保護膜を摩耗面上に形成し,高速域で標準鋼に比べ工具摩耗を大幅に抑制する.本研究ではこのBN添加鋼を最大20mAの微量通電下で超硬工具による旋削加工を行い電流量と摩耗量の関係を調べ,その摩耗抑制効果について検討を行った.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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Hery, Mochtady ; 山田, 啓司 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 細川, 晃 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; Yamada, Keiji ; Ueda, Takashi ; Hosokawa, Akira ; Tanaka, Ryutaro
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />レーザ誘起熱変形によってプラスチック球状レンズおよびレンズアレイを作製する方法については前報において報告した。本研究ではEr:YAGレーザビームを照射しながらプラスチック試料を移動させることで直線状お
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よびリング状のシリンドリカルレンズを作製し、レンズ形状と加工条件の関係について検討している。<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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桑畑, 俊也 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 古本, 達明 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; 細川, 晃 ; 武田, 怜子 ; Kuwahata, Toshiya ; Ueda, Takashi ; Furumoto, Tatsuaki ; Tanaka, Ryutaro ; Hosokawa, Akira ; Takeda, Reiko
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />レーザ加工において困難である金属への種々形状微細除去加工を，本研究では種々形状のマイクロレンズを製作，利用することによって可能としている．アクリル樹脂にEr:YAGレーザを走査させることによりマイクロ
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レンズを製作し，このレンズを用いてNd:YAGレーザ第２高調波を試料表面に集光させて加工を行う．さらに，ヘリンボーンと呼ばれる微細構造をクロム鋼表面に加工した後，摩擦特性へ与える影響について検討する.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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細川, 晃 ; 南部, 彰 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 上田, 隆司 ; Hosokawa, Akira ; Nambu, Akira ; Tanaka, Ryutaro ; Yamada, Keiji ; Ueda, Takashi
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />前報では光ファイバ型2色温度計を用いてエンドミル加工におけるオイルミスト供給時の工具逃げ面温度を測定し,ミスト粒径,ミスト流量,ミスト供給位置が工具逃げ面温度に及ぼす影響について検討した.本報では,そ
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の第3段階として,超硬工具およびコーティング工具における切削温度と工具損耗量を測定し,オイルミスト供給が工具損耗形態に及ぼす影響について詳細に検討している.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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細川, 晃 ; 柚木, 力 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; Hosokawa, Akira ; Yunoki, Tsutomu ; Ueda, Takashi ; Yamada, Keiji ; Tanaka, Ryutaro
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />This study deals with a laser dressing of a metal-bonded diamond wheel as part of a laser conditioni
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ng of superabrasive grinding wheels including truing, sharpening and cleaning. A bronze bond diamond stone SD120N75B is chosen as target to be dressed and pulsed Nd:YAG laser is irradiated in order to remove the bond material. The bond material is partially removed by laser irradiation, in which melting and vaporizing take place. In order to efficiently remove the bond material, it is necessary to spray air on the laser irradiating spot so as to blow away the molten binder before it solidifies again, although the molten metal cannot be perfectly taken away due to its relatively high viscosity. Clear damages of diamond particles such as micro-cracks or graphitization are not observed below the laser power is less than 152 W.Nd:YAGレーザを用いたメタルボンドダイヤモンド砥石(SD120N75NB)のレーザドレッシング法について検討している.ホイールにレーザを照射するとブロンズボンドは溶融除去されるが,多くは再凝固するため,効率的にボンド剤を除去するためには圧縮空気によって溶融部を吹き飛ばす必要がある.レーザの照射エネルギーを152W以下に制限することによって,ダイヤモンド砥粒に熱的ダメージをあまり与えることなく結合剤を除去することができる.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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山田, 啓司 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 細川, 晃 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; 堀居, 直幸 ; Yamada, Keiji ; Ueda, Takashi ; Hosokawa, Akira ; Tanaka, Ryutaro
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />レーザを用いた歯科治療における窩洞形成時の熱損傷を監視する装置を開発し,その有効性について検証している.装置は,光ファイバ,分光器およびイメージセンサーから成っており,レーザ照射時に発生するプルーム光
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を観測している.硬組織に熱損傷が生じる際には,波長560nmの強い輝線スペクトルが観測され,損傷なく窩洞が形成される場合には,輝線スペクトルは観測されない.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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森本, 雅憲 ; 鈴木, 将吾 ; 細川, 晃 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; Morimoto, Masanori ; Suzuki, Shogo ; Hosokawa, Akira ; Ueda, Takashi ; Tanaka, Ryutaro
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />In general, grinding heat causes various types of thermal damage to the workpiece, such as burning,
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cracks, and phase transformation. In this study, the grinding operation is regarded as a heat treatment process called grind-hardening. This new heat treatment method enables the phase transformation from austenite to martensite in the surface layer of steels. The cylindricalgrinding tests at several infeed rates are carried out. The hardened layer of approximately 0.16 mm is attained in plunge grinding of chrome-molybdenum steel SCM435. 研削時に発生する熱を積極的に利用して，加工と同時に熱処理する鋼材の同時硬化研削法（研削焼入れ）を試みている．本報では，CrMo鋼の円筒研削焼入れを行い，その可能性を実証している．工作物の研削面に変色した酸化膜がみられたとき，表面近傍に焼入れ処理がなさ，この酸化膜をスパークアウトによって除去することで焼入れされた仕上げ面が生成できる．乾式研削において，40micron/sをこえる砥石切込速度で，工作物表面近傍に700HV以上のマルテンサイト組織の硬化層が得られた．砥石切込速度に比例して，研削抵抗，硬化層深さの増加がみられる．本研究では最大深さ160micronを得ることができた.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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青木, 慎太郎 ; 葛西, 惇士 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 細川, 晃 ; 古本, 達朗 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; Aoki, Shintaro ; Kasai, Atsushi ; Ueda, Takashi ; Hosokawa, Akira ; Furumoto, Tatsuaki ; Tanaka, Ryutaro
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />歯質表面にレーザ照射した時、レーザ光は吸収され表面は加熱される。溶融した歯質は再凝固層を形成し、また一部は蒸散する。この時、衝撃力が発生することが知られている。そこで本研究では、この衝撃力をひずみゲー
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ジとホプキンソン棒を組み合わせた衝撃試験装置により測定し、レーザ照射によって生じる物理現象が、歯科治療における殺菌効果に与える影響やそのメカニズムについて考察し解明することを目的としている。<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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千徳, 英介 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 細川, 晃 ; Sentoku, Eisuke ; Ueda, Takashi ; Yamada, Keiji ; Hosokawa, Akira
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />本研究では,板材のレーザフォーミング加工における加工パラメータと変形量の関係の解明を目指し,加工部表面，裏面温度を2組の光ファイバ型2色温度計を用いて測定している.これまで加工部温度,表裏温度差,照射
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領域の変形量への影響について報告した. 本報では,板厚の影響について調べ,これまでの結果から加工パラメータと変形角度の関係を示す式を導いた.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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千徳, 英介 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 細川, 晃 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; Sentoku, Eisuke ; Ueda, Takashi ; Yamada, Keiji ; Hosokawa, Akira ; Tanaka, Ryutaro
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />A thin stainless steel is bended by the irradiation of CO2 laser. Then both temperatures at irradiat
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ed and opposite surfaces are measured using two sets of the two-color pyrometer with an optical fiber. In this study, we investigate the effect of temperature difference between irradiated and opposite surfaces on deformation mechanism. The increase of diameter of laser beam and the decrease of thickness of material make the temperature difference smaller and change deformation mechanism from Temperature Gradient Mechanism (TGM) to Buckling Mechanism (BM).CO2レーザを用いてステンレス板材のフォーミング加工を行い,同時にレーザ照射部表面および裏面温度を2組の光ファイバ型2色温度計を用いて測定し, 表裏温度差と変形メカニズムの関係を調べた.実験結果から板厚が小さくなるほど,ビーム径が大きくなるほど表裏温度差は小さくなり,変形メカニズムが温度勾配メカニズム(TGM)からバックリングメカニズム(BM)へと変化することがわかった.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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木村, 繁男 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 細川, 晃
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澤崎, 亮介 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 細川, 晃 ; 田中, 隆太郎
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野崎, 隆太郎 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 細川, 晃 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 田中, 隆太郎
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加藤, 寛満 ; ヘリー, モフタディ ; 山田, 啓司 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 細川, 晃 ; 田中, 隆太郎
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細川, 晃 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 岡島, 厚 ; 榎本, 啓士 ; 木村, 繁男 ; 門前, 亮一 ; 野村, 明人
概要:
The activities of the problem-based learning (PBL) and their outcomes are reported here. Based on the reactions from students and faculty members to these educational programs, the advantages and improvements are also examined. A
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series of PBL subjects from 1st to 3rd grade-problem -research, problem-solving and problem-creation- are programmed according to the intelligibility and degree of advancement of students in mechanical engineering. This well-planed system makes it possible to obtain the substantial educational effects and to start smoothly the research for graduation thesis in the last 4th grade.
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| 24.
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小矢, 畑亘 ; 岡田, 将人 ; 安井, 慎之介 ; 細川, 晃 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; 上田, 隆司
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| 25.
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福本, 陽平 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 細川, 晃 ; 上田, 隆司 ; Al, Huda Mahfudz
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| 26.
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柚木, 力 ; 細川, 晃 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 田中, 隆太郎
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| 27.
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森田, 精一 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 細川, 晃 ; Al, Huda Mahfudz ; 上田, 隆司
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| 28.
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川村, 満彦 ; 寺田, 亮太 ; 細川, 晃 ; 上田, 隆司
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| 29.
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田中, 隆太郎 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 細川, 晃 ; 林, 勇伝 ; 山田, 啓司
概要:
This study deals with the machinability of steels after heat treatment with CO2, laser using h-BN powder and blast furna
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ce slug as absorbent. h-BN is well known as solid lubricant. As for blast furnace slug, its composition is similar to that of inclusions in calcium dioxide steel that shows good machinability. The absorbance of slug and h-BN were more than 80%, so it is said that these powders can be used as absorbent for CO2, laser. Only in the case of h-BN, absorbent was melted into substrate and its depth was about 200 μm. When turning the steels after laser heat treatment using h-BN power and blast furnace slug as absorbent, carbide tool showed smaller tool wear than the case of carbon type absorbent. In the profile of the machined surface, there was a wave of about 5 μm in amplitude and its wavelength was equal to the feed rate of laser in heat treatment. This is because the workpiece surface after laser heat treatment has a periodic distribution in hardness. The hardness in the surface layer of workpiece was higher than that of the substrate.
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| 30.
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野崎, 隆太郎 ; Al, Huda Mahfudz ; 上田, 隆司 ; 加藤, 賢一 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 細川, 晃
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| 31.
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岡田, 将人 ; 細川, 晃 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; 上田, 隆司
概要:
The cutting performance of some coated carbide tools in hardmilling of hardened steel is investigated. The cutting chara
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cteristics are mainly evaluated by tool wear and temperature at flank face for four types of coating films on two types of base materials. Cutting force and surface roughness are also examined. The temperature of cutting tool is measured using a two-color pyrometer with an optical fiber. The tool flank wear becomes large in the case of TiN and TiCN coated tools. The tool flank temperature increases with the increase of surface roughness of coated film, and reaches approximately 500°C for TiAlN/ AlCrN coated tool. On the other hand, the cutting forces do not change so much with surface roughness of coated film. In the case of P30-grade cemented carbide as base material, tool flank wear and flank temperature become large compared with K10- grade. The surface roughness of workpiece increases with the increase in tool flank temperature more than approximately 530°C.
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| 32.
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山田, 啓司 ; 西岡, 真吾 ; 細川, 晃 ; 上田, 隆司
概要:
Laser cleaving process is a prospective technique to divide a thin plate of brittle materials into small pieces, because of its high yield ratio and controllability. In addition, the process is carried out without coolant which
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causes the environmental pollution and the contamination of the electrical devices etched on the wafer. In this paper, laser cleaving of silicon wafer is conducted with pulsed Nd: YAG laser. The temperature of laser spot is measured by means of the two-color pyrometer with optical fiber and the acoustic emission caused by crack propagation is also observed. When the laser spot is scanned at the appropriate interval and velocity, the crack propagates in sequence by the corresponding laser irradiation. As a result, both high linearity of cleaved edge and fine fractured surface roughness are obtained. The thermal stress distribution induced by laser irradiation is analysed with FEM model, in which the stress intensity factor is calculated at the vicinity of the crack tip in order to clarify the criterion of crack propagation. The analysis and experiments reveal that the maximum tensile stress at the crack tip increases with temperature and the crack propagates when the stress intensity factor reaches the fracture toughness of the material.
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| 33.
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細川, 晃 ; 周, 智鵬 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 上田, 隆司
概要:
A new three-color infrared radiation pyrometer using an optical fiber is developed for measuring cutting temperature in
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high speed machining by small ball end mill. The high speed air spindle unit is adopted to the ordinary milling machine so that the maximum spindle revolution of 40000rpm is attainable. The ball radius of the carbide cutter is 3mm and the side cutting of carbon steel with ballnose is executed without cutting fluid. Cutting temperature distribution along the ball-nosed cutting-edge is measured. The influences of spindle rotational speed, radial depth of cut and feed per tooth on the temperature distribution at the flank face are examined. The maximum temperature of peripheral cutting edge about 700°C is obtained even at the rotation angle of 180° after cutting, and it drops along the ballnose toward the ball tip. Relatively large temperature gradient arises along the ball cutting-edge at higher spindle revolution because cutting speed depends on the local tool radius. Depth of cut and feed per tooth, at the same time, affect the overall temperature at the ball cutting edges. The cooling characteristics in air cutting reveals that the temperature difference during one cycle of intermittent cutting increases as spindle speed decreases. The relationship between the peripheral cutting speed and the tool temperature varies from tool shank to ball tip because the interactions between cutting edge and workpiece change along the ballnose.
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| 34.
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千徳, 英介 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 細川, 晃
概要:
Laser forming of a sheet metal is the bending process caused by the thermal stresses which is produced in the sheet by l
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aser irradiation. Therefore, the temperature distribution in the sheet irradiated with laser beam is one of important factors to determine the bending angle of the sheet. In this study, the influence of temperature distribution and the experimental conditions like the diameter of laser beam and the thickness of a sheet on the bending angle is investigated experimentally. The temperatures of a surface irradiated with CO2 laser and its opposite surface are measured using an infrared radiation pyrometer with an optical fiber. As a result, the bending angle is directly proportional to the temperature Ts at the sheet surface irradiated with laser beam and the beam diameter D, and inversely proportional to the thickness h of the sheet. A parameter indicated by D1.41Ts1.5/h1.7 has high correlation with the all bending angles obtained under various experimental conditions. 様々な加工条件で板材のフォーミング加工を行い, 同時にレーザ照射部表面および裏面温度を測定し, 加工条件と照射温度の変形角への影響を調べた. その結果, 変形角はレーザビーム径の1.4乗に比例し, 照射温度の1.5乗に比例し, 加工物の板厚の1.7乗に反比例しており, これらの結果より導出した式は定性的に加工条件の変形角への影響を良く表している.
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| 35.
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田中, 隆太郎 ; 山根, 八洲男 ; 岡田, 将人 ; 細川, 晃 ; 上田, 隆司
概要:
This paper deals with the machinability of BN added Steels in end milling. The cutting tests were carried out by end mil
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ling carbon steel JIS S45C, S55C and these BN added steels with carbide tool and TiAlN coated carbide tool. Tool wear, cutting temperature, and, surface roughness were measured and discussed. In end milling BN added steel with square end mill, the progress rate of flank wear width was decreased and fracture at corner was suppressed in comparison with that in machining standard steel. In case of ball end mill, flank wear in end milling BN added steels were smaller in comparison with standard steel. In case of S45C, boundary wear was observed, however it was not observed in end milling BN added steel. BN added showed almost the same surface roughness as standard steel. The temperature of flank wear part in turning work based S55C were 50 °C higher in comparison with S45C base work. The temperature of throw away end mill was higher 100°C in comparison with solid square end mill. There were not significant difference between the temperature in end milling standard steel and BN added steels.
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| 36.
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山田, 啓司 ; 森田, 精一 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 細川, 晃 ; 田中, 隆太郎
概要:
In this paper, a refrigerating chuck system is developed to reduce the thermal damages of workpiece in laser cleaving process. The system reduces the surface temperature of table below the freezing point of water, and the work material is
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fixed on the table by the frozen water between the material and the table. The cooling capability of the system is investigated. The system is applied to the laser cleaving process of silicon wafer with cw-Nd:YAG laser. The laser cleaving experiment of silicon wafer is conducted with Nd:YAG laser, then the width of thermal affected zone on the irradiated surface, the roughness of fractured surface and the deviation of cleaving trajectory are measured. The silicon oxide is caused on the surface of wafer in the room temperature, but the refrigerating chuck can prevent the thermal damage and improve the reliability of the cleaving process. By use of the chuck, the smooth fractured surface is achieved and the linearity of the cleaving trajectory is also improved.
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| 37.
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田中, 隆太郎 ; 林, 勇伝 ; 田邉, 一真 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 細川, 晃
概要:
This study deals with the trial for improvement of chip controllability in turning with selective laser heat treatment for workpiece. Selective heat treatment for carbon steel JIS S45C was carried out with Nd:YAG laser which
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could be transmitted through an optical fiber and shows higher absorption rate against carbon steels than CO2 laser. In turning of these selective laser heat threatened carbon steel, the chip form changed regular curl from irregular curl and chip breakability was improved compared with non-laser treated carbon steel. Surface roughness was obviously smaller comparing with non-laser treated carbon steel. Especially in the case that the depth of cut was larger, the surface roughness was smaller. As for cutting force, the principal force was slightly smaller, but the thrust force and feed force were almost the same. The cutting temperature was slightly lower. The tool wear was almost same as that in the case of non-laser treated carbon steel.
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| 38.
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山田, 啓司 ; Hery, Mochtady ; 平出, 寛明 ; 細川, 晃 ; 上田, 隆司
概要:
Microlens is a key component in the fields of optical communication, data storage and digital display. Integration of microlenses and optical devices is also required for weight saving, reduction in assembly cost and higher accurate
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alignment. This paper deals with the development of a novel method to fabricate spherical microlenses and microlens arrays. In this method, microlenses are formed on the surface of acrylate resin which is used as sealing material for the optical devices such as photodetectors, laser diodes, CCD image sensors and so on. Microlenses are fabricated under several conditions, and the influences of process parameters on the dimension of microlenses are investigated. The fabricated microlens and microlens array have the appropriate shape, surface finish and alignment so as to condense light.
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| 39.
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上田, 隆司 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 及川, 志郎 ; 細川, 晃
概要:
Laser forming is the thermal process to deform a metal plate using the thermal stress produced by the rapid heating with the laser. In this study, the influence of irradiating conditions of CO2 laser on the bending angle of the
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workpiece is investigated. The temperature at the back surface of the workpiece irradiated with CO2 laser is measured using a two-color pyrometer with an optical fiber. The temperature distribution in the workpiece is calculated using the FEM thermal analysis. Simple bending experiments with one-way laser scanning are carried out. Stainless steel SUS304 of various thickness is used as work material. The results obtained are as follows. The bending angle is proportional to the temperature of the workpiece irradiated. The temperature of workpiece increases with the increase of laser power, the decrease of feed rate of the laser beam and the decrease of plate thickness. After all, the bending angle becomes larger with the increase of laser power, the decrease of the feed rate and the decrease of the thickness of the plate. The temperature of the workpiece can be used as a signal to control the deformation of the workpiece.
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| 40.
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千徳, 英介 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 細川, 晃
概要:
Laser leveling is an application of laser forming. Laser leveling of a sheet metal is a plastic process caused by therma
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l stresses which are produced in the sheet by laser irradiation. In this paper, a sphereical distortion on a sheet metal is leveled by laser irradiation. As a model of a circular distortion, the dsitortion is intentionally introduced on the sheet metal by pressing a steel ball of 25 mm radius against it. As work materials, steel sheet and stainless steel sheet whose thickness is 0.6mm are used. Laser beam is radially irradiated at the center of circular distortion for leveling the distorted sheet metal. Continuous CO2 laser beam is used and its power is changed at the range of 80W ∼ 200W under a constant scanning speed of 2mm/s. After laser irradiation, a distortion of about 400µm hight becomes almost flat without melting a sheet metal.
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| 41.
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山田, 啓司 ; 大礒, 桂一 ; 細川, 晃 ; 上田, 隆司
概要:
The thermal stress cleaving of silicon wafer with a laser beam is a prospective technique, which supersedes the mechanical dicing. This method makes it possible to cut a wafer at very high production rate in comparison with the diamond thin
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blade wheel and to protect the wafer from the contamination of cutting coolant and chips. In this paper, the cleaving mechanism of silicon wafer irradiated with the pulsed Nd:YAG laser is investigated. The temperature at the area irradiated with laser is measured using two-color pyrometer with an optical fiber. The acoustic emission is also measured to examine the mechanism of the crack propagation. In the process, the temperature at the area irradiated with laser should be controlled in order to reduce the thermal damages and to improve the cleaving accuracy.
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| 42.
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細川, 晃 ; 織田, 正人 ; 眞下, 和史 ; 佐久間, 邦郎 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 上田, 隆司
概要:
In this study, a new technique of in-process evaluation of the wheel surface is proposed. Five specified wheel surfaces are prepared as the references via the appropriate dressing procedure, and grinding sounds generated by these wheels
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are discrimi-nated by analyzing the dynamic frequency spectrum with a neural network technique. In the case of conventional vitrified-bonded alumina wheel, grinding sound can be identified under the optimum network configuration in such that learning rate is 0.0029 and number of hidden layer is 420. This system can recognize instantaneously the difference of the wheel surface in a good degree of accuracy insofar as the dressing conditions are relatively widely changed. In addition, the network perceives the wheel wear because the grain tips are flattened as grinding proceeds and the grinding sound resembles to that of the wheel generated with lower dressing feed.
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| 43.
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山田, 啓司 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 堀居, 直幸 ; 細川, 晃 ; 田中, 隆太郎
概要:
Water spraying is usually used in the removal of hard dental tissue with laser for the clinical cavity preparation which is previous to the prosthesis. However, the effect of water on the dental tissue irradiated with laser has not
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been evaluated quantitatively. In this paper, the cavity preparation is performed for human dentin tissue with Nd:YAG laser and Er:YAG laser to investigate the effects of water. The thermal damages caused on dentin tissue are microscopically observed and the perforatability is evaluated from the dimensions of cavity perforated. The thermal damages caused on dentin tissue is reduced by water, especially very fine cavity can be achieved in the cavity preparation with Er:YAG laser, while the perforatability with laser beam is decreased by water. The audible sound pressure level is also measured to investigate the feasibility of sound monitoring as the removal-monitoring method. It is found that the sound pressure level increases linearly with the extent of removed dental tissue.
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| 44.
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上田, 隆司 ; 荻野, 健太郎 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 細川, 晃 ; 佐藤, 昌彦
概要:
The water-solution type coolant is used instead of ordinary. oil type coolant and the effect of the coolant on the finishing is investigated experimentally. As work materials, titanium, titanium alloies and Ni-based alloy are used.
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Electrolytic in-process dressing is employed to promote the ability of metal removal because the water-solution type coolant is inferior to that of oil type one in the permeability. The specific cutting energy k s of these materials are compared with k s of a bearing steel in order to evaluate the machinability of the work materials. The results obtained are as follows. The superfinishing opera-tion using a water-solution type coolant is the effective method to finish the surface of these difficult-to-cut materials when the electrolytic in-process dressing is applied together. The suitable conditions in electrolytic dressing for each work material are obtained, and the titanium which has the highest adhesive property needs the strongest electrolysis among the work materials used in this study. The electrolytic-in-process dressing makes it possible to maintain the cutting ability of the finer grain size stone for a long time, and to obtain the mirror surface of Incoloy 800 with #8000 SD diamond stone.
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| 45.
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古本, 達明 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 細川, 晃 ; 阿部, 諭 ; Childs, Tomas H.C.
概要:
In this paper, a simple method for the measurement of thermal conductivity and absorption of laser beam in fine metal po
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wder for rapid prototyping is proposed. When the heating time of the metal powder t is sufficiently short in comparison with the time until the metal powder reaches its maximum temperature T (t/T<0.1), and the measurement depth from a surface Z is longer than the diameter of the heat source a (Z/a>1.23), it is shown that the thermal conductivity of a metal powder can be precisely calculated by measuring the time that the temperature takes to reach its maximum value. As work materials, chromium molybdenum steel powder (SCM) and copper powder, whose diameters are 10μm, 20μm and 30μm, are used. As a result of measuring the thermal conductivity and the absorption of laser beam in various metal powders, the thermal conductivity of a metal powder is quite small compared with that of the metal, and the materials, the shapes and the diameter of a metal powder have little influence on thermal conductivity. The absorption at the surface of a metal powder is larger than that of the metal, and there is little difference among the materials.
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| 46.
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細川, 晃 ; 岡田, 将人 ; 北川, 修介 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; 上田, 隆司
概要:
The cutting performance of cBN tools for high-speed end milling of hardened steel is investigated. The cutting character
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istics are evaluated by tool temperature at the flank face, cutting force, chip geometry and surface roughness at the change of cutting speed ν and workpiece hardness. The temperature of cutting tool is measured using a two-color pyrometer with an optical fiber. The tool flank temperature θα increases with the increase of cutting speed and workpiece hardness, and reaches approximately 850°C at ν=600 m/min and HRC60. In particular, the workpiece hardness has great influence on the tool flank temperature. On the other hand, the principal cutting forces does not change so much with workpiece hardness. Based on the chip geometry measured, the most likely explanation for these phenomena is that chip formation process changes with workpiece hardness. As the workpiece hardness increases, the cutting actions become stable so that the surface roughness decreases. In the case of the low cBN content tool, tool flank temperature increases by 20∼50°C or more than high content one, because of the low thermal conductivity.
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| 47.
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上田, 隆司 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 篠崎, 道 ; 細川, 晃
概要:
Perforatability and thermal damages of dental hard tissues with two kinds of YAG laser are investigated for the purpose of making the cavity and forming the abutment tooth. The perforatability of dentin with laser beam depends on the
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absorptivity for laser beam, the laser power, the pulse duration and the number of laser pulses. Approximately 65% of Er:YAG laser beam is absorbed at irradiated surface of dentin, but the absorptivity for Nd:YAG laser beam is only 17%. High perforatability is accomplished using Er:YAG laser because of its higher absorptivity. There is a linear relation between the perforated depth and the number of pulses. Higher laser power and larger pulse duration improve the perforatability, in the same time, induce thermal damages on dental hard tissue such as thermal cracks and burning of dentin. Lower laser power and smaller pulse duration makes it possible to make fine cavities without thermal cracks and burning in even with Nd:YAG laser.
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| 48.
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細川, 晃 ; 小澤, 匡史 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; 古本, 達明 ; 上田, 隆司
概要:
In this paper, the MQL turning of two types of ferrous metals: chromium-molybdenum steel SCM440H and pearlite malleable
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cast iron FCMP: is dealt with. The appropriate generating system of oil mist is constructed and the specified turning tool with oil hole is used. In order to verify the cooling effect of MQL, the tool temperature at the flank face is measured using a newly assembled fiber-coupled two-color pyrometer. In this new technique, a sensing fiber is inserted into a small hole that extends to the outer surface of the tubelike workpiece and it rotates with the workpiece. The thermal radiation accepted by a sensing fiber is noncontactly transmitted to the other fixed fiber and led to the two-color detectors. As for cutting force in turning of SCM440H, MQL is more effective in low cutting speed below 100 m/min. The tool temperature in MQL turning is approximately 100°C lower than that in dry turning over the wide range of 30∼300 m/min. In the case of FCMP, the tool temperature in dry turning at a cutting speed of 600 m/min reaches as much as about 1040°C, but it drops 920°C in MQL turning.
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| 49.
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細川, 晃 ; 小田, 健作 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 上田, 隆司
概要:
The temperature of cutting tool in high speed endmilling is measured using a two-color pyrometer with an optical fiber.
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This pyrometer has a flat response for the square-wave signal up to approximately 400kHz, which is enough speed to measure the temperature of an endmilling cutter passing at a cutting speed of 628m/min. The influence of cutting speed v and feed per tooth f on the cutting temperature at the flank face of the cemented carbide insert is investigated. The heating and cooling characteristics of the cutting tool during an intermittent cutting cycle are also examined. In dry cutting of carbon steel, the cutting tool temperature θα rises rapidly with the increase of cutting speed and θα reaches approximately 770°C at v=628m/min. The feed per tooth, however, has less effect on cutting tool temperature. The temperature change during an intermittent cutting process is about 150°C when v=471.2m/min and f=0.047mm/tooth. The temperature distribution along the contact edge between a tool and workpiece is almost uniform although those at tool tip and boundary region are somewhat higher.
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| 50.
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上田, 隆司 ; 田中, 邦茂 ; 西岡, 真吾 ; 山田, 啓司 ; 細川, 晃
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| 51.
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古本, 達明 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 細川, 晃 ; Abdullah, Yassin ; 阿部, 諭
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域 機械工学系<br />In order to manufacture the part of a small lot at lower cost and shorter lead-time, various techni
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ques, such as a rapid tooling, reverse engineering and high speed milling, are proposed. Recently, milling-combined laser metal sintering system, which is the device of sintering the metal powder and milling the sintered metal with end mill at the one process, has been developed to produce the injection molding dies. In this report, the sintering characteristics of the metal powder used for rapid tooling with Yb fiber laser are described. Relationship between the scanning speed of laser beam and the width of sintered material on the different surface plate are investigated. Moreover, the cross section of sintered material is analyzed with EPMA and cutting force is measured by the dynamometer in the various conditions. As a result, it was shown that the suitable irradiation energy for laser sintering should be selected to obtain the good shaped structure, which is occurred the melting, the cohesion and the solidification of the metal powder repeatedly. The shape of sintered material is formed like a spherical in the conditions of too much energy supply, and not formed partially in the conditions of a little energy supply. The melted metal powder with the generated heat by laser irradiation alloyed with the plate surface on the process of the solidification. The specific cutting force of sintered material on the surface with sandblast is quite larger than that on the standard surface by the difference of the wetting of melted metal powder.
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| 52.
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古本, 達明 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 青木, 慎太郎 ; 葛西, 惇士 ; 細川, 晃 ; 立矢, 宏
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />In this paper, a measurement of the impulse stress induced by a laser irradiation on the extracted h
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uman enamel was proposed. The dynamic load induced in the specimen by using elastic wave propagation in the long bar made of aluminum alloy was measured. The human enamel was grinded with the grain of # 600, and fixed on the edge of the long bar. The titanium dioxide powder whose average diameter is 1 urn was applied to the enamel surface so as to absorb the irradiation laser beam effectively. The laser induced stress intensity was evaluated from the dynamic strain measured by small semiconductor strain gauges attached on the long bar. As a result, the impulse stress induced on the human enamel increased with increasing the laser energy, and related to the volume of the prepared cavity. The laser induced stress for the removal of the unit volume of human enamel was 0.03 Pa/mm<sup>3</sup>.
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| 53.
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細川, 晃 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 榎本, 啓士 ; 木村, 繁男 ; 岡島, 厚
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| 54.
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嵐, 知哉 ; 古本, 達明 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 細川, 晃 ; 田中, 隆太郎
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系
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| 55.
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林, 勇伝 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; 草野, 岳彦 ; 細川, 晃 ; 上田, 隆司
概要:
本研究は，炭素鋼S45Cの旋削加工においてレーザ熱処理が切りくず処理性や仕上げ面粗さへ及ぼす影響について検討している．実用的な見地から小型の半導体レーザをCNC旋盤の刃物台に設置し，機上にて工作物長手方向にレーザを照射して選択的に熱処理を行
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っている．工具は超硬P30種とアルミナ-炭化チタン系セラミック工具を用い，すべての実験でブレーカピースを併用している．レーザ熱処理を行わない通常の旋削では低切削速度と高送りの場合にのみ切りくずが折断されるが，レーザ熱処理した炭素鋼を旋削すると広範囲の切削条件において切りくずが折断され，被削性が向上する．レーザ熱処理された炭素鋼の切りくず観察より，連続型切りくず中に変形形態が異なる部分が確認され，この部分を起点として切りくずが折断されている．このとき，超硬P30種およびセラミック工具いずれの場合においても仕上げ面粗さはレーザ照射なしの場合と比べてほとんど同じか若干傾向にあり，硬化したレーザ熱処理部を周期的に切削することによる仕上げ面の劣化は引き起こされない．
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田中, 隆太郎 ; 山根, 八洲男 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 細川, 晃 ; 白神, 哲夫
概要:
本報告は，BNが添加された鋼のドリル加工における被削性について述べている．穴加工は旋削加工，フライス加工とともに，切削加工の中でも大きなウェイトを占める重要な加工である．そこで，比較的新しく開発された快削鋼であるBN添加鋼についてハイスドリ
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ルを用いた穴加工を行い，標準鋼であるJIS S45Cと比較し，被削材中の化学成分が工具寿命に与える影響を調査し被削性を評価した．切削実験を行った結果，BN添加鋼は標準材と比べ長い工具寿命が得られることが明らかとなった．このことからハイスドリルによる比較的低速のドリル加工においてもBN添加鋼が優れた被削性を示すことがわかった．また，BNの添加による切削温度への影響を調べるために工具-被削材熱電対法で切削温度の測定を行った．切削温度はほぼ同程度であり，切削抵抗はわずかではあるが低い値を示すことがわかった．
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田中, 隆太郎 ; 鬼頭, 昴志 ; 細川, 晃 ; 上田, 隆司 ; 古本, 達明
概要:
本研究では，炭素鋼の正面フライス加工において，加工能率を維持したままバリの抑制を図る手法として，レーザを用いた被削材の部分的な改質による方法について提案した．実験では炭酸ガスレーザを用いて選択的に熱処理を行った炭素鋼JIS S45Cの正面フ
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ライス加工において，切削後の被削材端部の形状についてバリの高さの測定と断面の組織観察を行い，被削材へのレーザ熱処理によるバリの抑制効果について検討を行った．切削後における被削材の端部の形状はレーザ照射条件に依存し，表層にマルテンサイト組織が生成されていると微小なコバ欠けが生じる．またマルテンサイト組織が生成されていなくても，レーザ熱処理により硬度が母材よりも高くなっていると発生するバリの高さが小さくなる．最終切取り予定線へレーザ熱処理を行えば, それ以前の切削でバリが発生していても最終切削においてバリの発生を抑制することができる．仕上げ面粗さは，レーザ熱処理の影響をほとんど受けない．
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小澤, 匡史 ; 細川, 晃 ; 田中, 隆太郎 ; 古本, 達明 ; 上田, 隆司
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域 機械工学系<br />本研究では，クロム-モリブデン鋼とパーライト可鍛鋳鉄を対象として，ミストホール付きMQL専用バイトを用いたMQL旋削加工を行っている．MQL専用バイトはシャンク内にインサート近傍まで２つのオイル穴を
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有しており，オイルミストをすくい面および逃げ面の両方にピンポイントで供給することができる．クロム-モリブデン鋼においては工具すくい面にオイルミストを供給することで，100.m/min以下の低切削速度域で切削抵抗が大きく減少する．一方，工具逃げ面側からのオイルミストの供給は，30~300.m/minの広範囲の切削速度域で仕上げ面粗さの改善に寄与する．工具逃げ面温度については，乾式に比べ逃げ面ノズルからのオイルミスト供給でおよそ70ºC，すくい面ノズルからの供給でおよそ30ºC低下し，同時に供給することで両者の冷却効果を加算した100ºC程度温度冷却される．
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石川, 則男 ; 細川, 晃
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中川, 政則 ; 細川, 晃
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細川, 晃 ; Hosokawa, Akira
概要:
(1)レーザによるメタルボンドダイヤモンド砥石作業面のコンディショニングに関する研究砥石作業面の状態を最適化するコンディショニングには,(1)結合剤を除去して砥粒を突き出させるドレッシング,(2)砥粒先端を成形して高さを整えるツルーイング,
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(3)目づまりを取り除くクリーニングがあるが,平成19年度は平成18年度に引き続き(1)のドレッシングを行うとともに,(2)に取り組んだ.まず(1)については,レーザと同時にエアジェットを砥石作業面に照射することによって,レーザの熱エネルギーで溶融した結合剤を吹き飛ばして効率的なドレッシングが可能なことを示した.H19年度はレーザの砥石表面からの反射光によるレーザヘッドへの熱損傷を防ぎ且つレーザとエアジェトの照射点を高精度に一致させるため,レーザ・エアジェット一体型照射ノズルを開発した.これにより任意の照射角度でのドレッシングが可能になり,実用化に向けて一歩前進した.一方,(2)のツルーイングは電着ダイヤモンド砥石を用いて行ったが,ダイヤモンド単結晶がYAGレーザ(λ=1μm)や半導体レーザ(λ=0.8μm)を透過することから,レーザエネルギーを効率的に熱に変換してダイヤモンド砥粒を除去することは難しい.ただし,一定の条件化では砥粒先端が黒鉛化し,この黒鉛層は容易に除去できるため,レーザ照射と研削加工を同時に行うレーザアシストツルーイングの可能性をみいだした.(2)研削熱を利用した鋼材の表面改質加工法(研削焼入れ)に関する研究クロム・モリブデン鋼を対象とした円筒外周プランジ研削での研削焼入れを行い,表面硬化加工法として有効であることを確認した.硬化深さに最も影響を及ぼすのは砥石切込み速度で,切り込み速度100μm/sで硬化層深さ160μmを得ることができる.一方,トラバース研削では,砥石幅と送り(mm/rev)を同一にし,工作物の同一箇所を重畳して研削しないようにすることで局部的な焼き戻しを回避し,ほぼ一様に焼入れを施すことが可能になる.実用的なレベルの焼入れ層深さを確保するためには,より剛性のある工作機械が必要である.<br />In general, grinding heat canoes various types of thermal damage to the workpiece, such as burning, cracks, and phase transformation. In this study, the grinding operation is regarded as. a heat treatment process called Grind-hardening. This new heat treatment method enables the phase transformation from austenite to martensite in the surface layer of steels. The cylindrical grinding tests at several infeed rates are carried out A clear hardened layer is observed, where the martensitic structure is formed having the hardness of 700HV when the infeed rate is larger than 40μm/s. The depth of hardened layer increases as infeed rate increase. The hardened layer of approximately 0.16 mm is attained in plunge grinding of chrome-molybdenum steel SCM435. The oxidized film at the ground surface layer can be removed by the spark-out grinding and this process makes the surface smooth and good circularity of the workpiece.As the second approach, laser beam is used as a noncontact thermal dressing tool of a bronze bond diamond wheel. The pulsed-Nd:YAG laser beam is aligned in the normal direction and focused on the wheel surface The linear stage is fed in the axial direction and this motion is coordinated with the wheel rotation, laser pulse frequency and pulse duration so as to cover the overall wheel surface by laser beam The bond material is partially removed by laser irradiation only, in which melting and vaporizing take place. In order to efficiently remove the hand material, it is necessary to spray air jet on the laser irradiating spot so as to blow away the molten binder before it solidifies again less damage of diamond particles such as micro-cracks or graphitization is observed. In order to evaluate the grinding performance of a laser-dressed wheel, the plunge grinding tests of engineering ceramics are carried out The grinding forces are almost the same as the ordinary dressed wheel, and they are roughly kept constant up to 50 mm3/mm in stock removed per unit width of cut This shows that the diamond grits are anchored firmly in the bond without thermal deterioration_ Consequently, the effective laser dressing is expectable with the appropriate dressing conditions. For the purpose of practical use, the integrated laser-air head is designed in which laser beam and air jet are shot on the same axis. In grinding with the laser-dressed wheel, the grinding faces are almost the same as those for the conventionally dressed wheel.<br />研究課題/領域番号:18560100, 研究期間(年度):2006-2007<br />出典：「砥石作業面のレーザコンディショニングを併用した研削焼入れの実現」研究成果報告書 課題番号18560100 (KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）) 本文データは著者版報告書より作成
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細川, 晃 ; Hosokawa, Akira
概要:
本研究は,砥石作業面を加工目的に応じた最適な状態に維持することによって研削加工を最適化しようとするもので,(1)砥石作業面を機上測定できるシステムの構築;(2)加工目的に応じた砥石作業面の生成;(3)砥石作業面性状の定量化;(4)砥石作業面
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性状のインプロセス測定;という研究計画からなっている.最も使用頻度が高い超砥粒砥石およびビトリファイドアルミナ砥石を対象として行った研究成果を以下に示す.(1)砥石作業面を直接測定する'静的手法'として,触針式粗さ計(触針法)およびデジタルイメージスコープ(画像処理法)を研削盤の砥石ヘッドに装着して砥石作業面を観測するシステムを構築した.その結果,超砥粒砥石に対し,形直し・目直し直後の初期研削工程における砥粒先端の微小破壊による切れ刃の増加,切れ刃先端の摩滅摩耗,結合剤の除去によるチップポケットの増大などの過度的過程を詳細に観測することに成功し,定常研削へ移行する時期を正確に評価できた.(2)'動的手法'として,ドレス条件を段階的に変えて異なった状態の砥石(標準状態)を生成し,それらの砥石から発生する研削音や研削振動の特徴をニューラルネットワークによって学習・識別するシステムを構築した.その結果,研削抵抗や仕上面粗さに明確な差が生じる程度に相違がある場合には,砥石作業面状態は精度よく識別できることがわかった.また,標準状態以外の状態を入力した場合,ネットワークは最も近い標準状態を出力した.さらに,摩耗した砥石から研削音を入力した場合,ドレッサ送り速度が小さく砥粒先端がより平坦化した標準状態を識別結果として出力した.このことから,本手法には柔軟性があり,使用する砥石ごとにいくつかの標準状態をあらかじめ学習させることによって,インプロセスで砥石の状態を評価することができることを示した.<br />The purpose of this study is to optimize the grinding operation by means of in-process measurement of the wheel surface. The outlines of the project are as follows.(1) Construction of the in-situ wheel monitoring system.(2) Characterization of the wheel surface corresponding to the measure ring method.(3) In-process evaluation of the wheel surface.Parameters for characterizing grinding wheel surface are classified into two categories : static and dynamic parameters. In the post-process static evaluation, the wheel surface is directly measured by means of the stylus profilometry and the microscopy. The circumferential profile trace and 2D-image of a wheel surface is measured by the stylus profilometer and the digital microscope, respectively. Here abrasive grains and cutting edges are identified according to arbitrarily defined criteria. The grain density, cutting-edge density, successive cutting-edge spacing, cutting-edge ratio and micro-morphology of abrasive grains can be measured wi th a good degree of accuracy. This technique enables to measure the wheel topography relatively easily so that it has the possibility to control the grinding operation by judging the suitability of the grinding condition and the timing of re-arrangement of the wheel.In the in-process dynamic measurement, on the other hand, the wheel condition is evaluated by analyzing the grinding sound, which is generated by the wheel-work interaction in the grinding zone. Several reference conditions of the wheel surface are formed by the appropriate dressing and the frequency spectrums of grinding sound emitted from the reference wheel surface are discriminated by the neural network learning algorithm. The overall recognition rate is at least 60%. The network also recognize the wheel wear as the wheel surface with flattened grain tips, which is equivalent to that of the wheel generated with lower dressing feed. Accordingly this system can recognize instantaneously the difference of the wheel surface.<br />研究課題/領域番号:10650117, 研究期間(年度):1998-2000<br />出典：「砥石作業面のインプロセス測定による研削作業の最適化に関する研究」研究成果報告書 課題番号10650117 (KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）) 本文データは著者版報告書より作成
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