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| 1.
論文 |
論文
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岩槻, 邦男 ; Iwatsuki, Kunio
概要:
The sixtieth anniversary of the Society for the Study of Phytogeography and Taxonomy should be congratulated, especially
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in our oriental idea on the sixty years’ cycle of calendar. Japanese Archipelago was developed by our ancestors under a design to fit a harmonious co-existence between nature and mankind. They loved the plants there and stood on respective awe of them. Such kind of concept should be reminded and promoted in maintaining the only earth which should be sustained by the human beings. Non-professional naturalists in Japan have had scientific curiosity on plants keeping an ideal collaboration with professional plant scientists there, and contributed in promotion of botanical research. This collaboration successfully promoted conservation of biodiversity on this Archipelago.<br />日本列島の住人が，自然，とりわけ植物と親しみながら生きてきた歴史的事実に基づき，日本列島の開発が人と自然の共生が演出されるかたちの展開だったと理解し，この開発の方式はこれからの地球の持続的な利用の基礎理念とされるべきものであると考えます。植物に対する市民の科学的好奇心は，最近まで専従研究者との理想的な情報交流によって発展，維持されてきました。学会の社会貢献として，広義の普及活動の最高の成果と認識し，さらなる発展を期待します。
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| 2.
論文 |
論文
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Taguchi, Syusaku ; Iwami, Masafumi ; Kiya, Taketoshi ; 岩見, 雅史 ; 木矢, 剛智
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域自然システム学系<br />Juvenile hormone (JH) plays important roles in insect development and physiology. JH titer is tig
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htly regulated to coordinately adjust systemic physiology and development. Although control of JH titer is explained by the expression of JH biosynthetic enzymes in the corpora allata (CA), molecular mechanisms that regulate the expression of these genes remain elusive. In the present study, to identify novel regulators of JH biosynthetic genes, we conducted a gene expression screen using the CA and corpora cardiaca (CC) of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, in the JH synthesis period. We identified seven candidate genes and characterized their properties through extensive expression analyses. Of these candidates, we found that a novel gene, which encodes type II phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2] 4-phosphatase, shows highly correlated expression with JH titer. In addition, expression of this gene was strongly upregulated by starvation, when JH biosynthetic enzyme genes are concurrently upregulated. These results, for the first time, imply possible involvement of phosphoinositol signal in regulation of JH biosynthesis, providing novel insights into molecular mechanisms of nutrition-dependent regulation of JH biosynthesis. © 2017 Zoological Society of Japan.<br />Embargo Period 12 months
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| 3.
図書 |
図書
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Hayashi, Yasuhiko
概要:
Arachnoid cysts are benign developmental anomalies of the central nervous system and arise in virtually all locations wh
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ere arachnoid membrane exists. It is reported that they account for approximately 1% of all intracranial lesions and are caused by the splitting of the arachnoid membrane. Many authors have indicated that arachnoid cysts typically remain constant in size or grow very slowly. Therefore, most opportunities to detect arachnoid cysts are incidental. However, recent advent of more advanced imaging techniques has increased the frequencies to find them. The enlargement of arachnoid cysts are reported to occur most frequently in patients under 5 years of age, and the symptoms and signs derived from arachnoid cysts include elevated intracranial hypertension and focal signs due to the effects of compression to the surrounding cerebral parenchyma. Even in cases in which neurological symptoms are present, it is often difficult to properly correlate nonspecific signs and symptoms with the findings of arachnoid cysts. This is especially true in the cases common symptoms, such as headache, that arise frequently in the general population. In most of the cases, arachnoid cysts usually bring with a thin and bulging inner table of the skull. These bone deformities suggest a long process accompanying a gradual increase in intracystic pressure that probably begins in early infancy. Three mechanisms of the cyst expansion in arachnoid cysts have been described by many authors as follows: First, osmotic gradient between the cyst and the surrounding subarachnoid space induced fluid influx into the cyst cavity; second, fluid is secreted from ependymal cells on the cyst wall; third, a one-way ball-valve mechanism develops on the cyst wall. Almost symptomatic arachnoid cysts belong in children, the progressive growth of the skull and plasticity of the brain in children can buffer the mass effect caused by the cysts. Therefore, the arachnoid cysts in children and adolescence are usually asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. The patient’s symptoms develop once the breakdown of compensatory mechanism in the brain surrounding the arachnoid cyst happens. Even in elderly patients with or without cyst expansion, the breakdown of compensatory mechanisms can lead to relatively rapid progression of symptoms. However, the factors that induce the breakdown of compensatory capacity remain unknown. In addition to those mechanisms, the symptomatic arachnoid cyst infrequently associates with intracranial hematoma, such as chronic subdural hematoma, acute subdural hematoma, acute epidural hematoma, and intra-cyst wall hematoma. Especially, it is well known that arachnoid cysts located in the middle cranial fossa can present with chronic subdural hematoma. The hematomas are frequently induced by minor trauma. The symptoms in arachnoid cysts are presented according to the various locations arachnoid cysts arise, and the developmental mechanisms are also discussed with the aspects of accompanying hydrocephalus or intracranial hematomas, and patients’ ages. © 2016 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.<br />Embargo Period 12 months<br />[Book Chapter]
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| 4.
論文 |
論文
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田中, 重徳 ; Tanaka, Shigenori
概要:
心臓に分布する交感神経、即ち心臓神経の形態解明の研究を推進した。心臓神経は椎骨に接する交感神経幹から広範囲に亘り多数起こり、神経同士の結合が多く、走行が複雑であるので、内蔵直接伴行の迷走神経由来の心臓枝よりも形態解明は困難である。とりわけ、
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ヒトの心臓神経は実験脊椎動物よりも形態が大きく、脂肪が多いので形態解明は至難である。本研究では、アルコールによる脱脂、アリザリン・レッドによる神経染色、そしてエチレン・グリコールによる血管形態明示という方法を開発し、心臓神経と心臓・血管の詳細な形態を広領域に解明した。そして、ヒトのみの固有観点ではなく、脊椎動物総合形態学と発生学的観点をも加えての全貌的意義付けを学会講演にて発表し、掲載された(第8回臨床解剖研究会と第16回日本末梢神経学会)。又、心臓枝と心臓神経の形態に関する国際学術雑誌の投稿原稿を加筆・修正している。形態形成に関しては、マウスとラットよりもヒトの形態に近いジャコウネズミにおいて、心臓神経の形態と形態形成解明を全胚免疫染色を用いて行い、成果を第110回日本解剖学会で発表し、国際学術雑誌投稿準備中である(博士課程学生の提出論文)。ジャコウネズミ肝臓の発生と臨床医学的意味(Endoclinology 2004 : Aant. Enbryol. 2004)と口蓋帆挙筋分布神経と下顎神経の形態についても解明した(Clin Anat 2004 ; Surg Radiol Anat 2004)。肝鎌状間膜と肝円策、そして臍ヒダ経由の肝臓実質に分布する動・静脈と神経の形態と形態形成、そして胸骨剣状突起周囲のリンパ管と肝臓との関係解明をヒトとジャコウネズミにおいて行い、発生学意義の再検討と臨床医学との連携を深めている。又、骨異常の測定・診断と治療方法の解明の共同研究と頭・頚の筋形成に関しての分子組織化学的研究を進めている。<br />Researches of elucidation of form and structure of the sympathetic nerve distributed in the heart, that is, cardiac nerves were furthermore promoted.The cardiac nerves were found to arise numerous in number from very broad areas of the sympathetic trunk, communicating each other very numerously.Furthermore, their patterns or forms of running were much more complicated than those of the cardiac branches of the vagus nerve.As a result, clarification of features of these cardiac nerves are difficult than the cardiac branches of the vagus nerve.Inter alia, human examples applicable for researches are exceedingly large as those of other vertebrate and further more, they communicate each other and their coursing figures are much more complicated than those of the cardiac branches of the vagus nerve. Therefore, the complete clarification of human cardiac nerves are difficult article.In order to resolve this difficulty, we applied new specific technology. Using this technology, we are able to grease alcohol by using alcohol, stain nerves with arizarin red S, and to elucidate blood vessels in all experimental examples of humans and other vertebrates.In consequence, the cardiac nerves were found to arise from the sympathetic trunk in a wide area from the cervical until the lowest thoracic level, i.e., ThI0 (and further more ThI2) in human examples.Furthermore, the three-dimensional structures of human cadavers have been clarified fundamentally not only from the human anatomical point of view, but also comprehensively from the vertebrate comparative anatomy and embryology.We have been made presentations of these results in academic conferences (the 8^<th> Meeting of Japanese Research Society of Clinical Anatomy and the 16^<th> Meeting of Japanese Research Society of Periphera Nerve).Therewithal, the contribution manuscripts of the international science magazine concerning the form of the cardiac nerves and branches are being to retouched and corrected.The clarification of morphology and morphogenesis of the cardiac nerves are performed by using methods for whole embryo immunity staining in muskrats which are nearer human's form than the mouse and the rat for the form formation (doctor's course student's submitting thesis).These results of this research were presented in the 110th in Japanese Anatomy Association. Contribution to the international science magazine is also being prepared. The form of generation of the muskrat liver, clinical medicine meaning (Endoclinology 2004 : Anat.Enbryol. 2004) has been clarified. Furthermore, figures of the nerves innervating the levator palate muscle and mandibular nerve were elucidated (Clin Anat 2004 ; Surg Radiol Anat 2004).At the moment, we make exertions to advancing researches in order to analyze the intimate structures as well as morphogenesis of arteries, veins and nerves coursing in the falciform and teres hepatic ligaments and to clarify the morphological as well as functional relationships-of lymphatic vessel around the xiphoid process with the live in the human cadavers and also in muskrats. These structures and root meanings of these structures are being clarified from the embryological and clinical viewpoints, building up co-operation with clinical researchers. We are also making collaborative researches with doctors in order to open up new method of measurement, diagnosis and treatment of abnormal bones, and also the molecular and histochemical researches of genesis of head and neck muscles.<br />研究課題/領域番号:16590139, 研究期間(年度):2004–2005<br />出典：「全胚免疫染色と分子生物学的方法による内臓と四肢の神経・血管・筋の形成と再生の解明」研究成果報告書 課題番号16590139 (KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）) 本文データは著者版報告書より作成
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| 5.
論文 |
論文
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田中, 重徳 ; Tanaka, Shigenori
概要:
人体発生学の研究はヒトの胚で研究するのが最も直接データが得られるが、今日では倫理的に許される状況にない。それ故、私たちはラットよりもヒトに近い実験動物であるジャコウネズミに注目し、これの飼育繁殖を続けて10年を経過し、その胚を充分に活用出来
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る研究環境にある。これまで、胚の中にラテックスを注入することにより血管を標識すると同時に、全胚的免疫染色方法をニワトリ、ジャコウネズミ、ラットとマウスの胚とジャコウネズミの成体の臓器に適用し、分布する臓性神経の形態形成を血管発生と同時に追跡して来た。ジャコウネズミにおいては、心臓と膵臓に分布する末梢神経と血管との関係を重視して研究した。副交感神経に関しては,動脈に伴行して心臓の動脈門と静脈門の双方に達する枝(心臓枝)の形態が比較的容易に解明された。本研究においては、これまで形態の解明が困難とされて来た交感神経由来の心臓の動脈門と静脈門、とりわけ静脈門に達する神経(心臓神経)の形態を成体と胚の双方において、明らかにすることが出来た。更には、静脈に伴行し、心臓の静脈門に到達する神経(心臓神経)の形態と形態形成をも明らかにした。膵臓に分布する神経に関しては、成体において形態の詳細を明らかにすることが出来た。この動物はヒトの胚における背側と腹側の膵臓原基の形態を成体においても維持しているという実験動物としての有用性があることが判明した。又、Langerhans islet細胞の局所分布を調べ、ヒトの背側と腹側の膵臓と同じ細胞分布様式を維持していることが判明した。以上の実験データに依拠し、臨床医学における十二指腸・総胆管温存膵頭部切除術(DPPHR)の適応性について検討した。ヒトの成体の末梢神経、とりわけ交感神経に関しては、精密な解剖が困難とされて来たが、0.001%アリザリンレッド含有95%アルコールで染色・脱脂肪を十分行った後に細部に亘って剖出するという手技を考案した。この研究手技により、ヒトの成体の心臓に分布する迷走神経と交感神経の形態の全体を明らかにすることが出来た。とりわけ、交感神経の枝に関しては、心臓静脈門から心臓に到達する新たな枝を見つけ、その形態を前例が無いほどに詳細に解明したところ、ジャコウネズミの成体と胚と同じ形態であることが判明した。これにより、ヒトと他の脊椎動物に心臓神経の名称に混乱しているため、全ての脊椎動物に通用する表現が困難であったが、これを解決することが出来た。<br />The research of the human embryology is difficult to be permitted in the situation of now a day ethics. Therefore, we have paid attention to the musk shrew, the body of which is nearer to the human body than rat and mouse. Now, we are in the environment under which the embryo of this laboratory animal can be used enough for our research. Concretely, using a method of latex injection into the vessels and of whole-mount immunohistochemical staining of the peripheral nerves, we have researched into the morphogenesis of vessels and peripheral nerves distributed to the organs, including the heart and pancreas. As has been reported, the(parasympathetic) cardiac branches were observed without difficulty. Using the method described above, we have also elucidated the three dimensional structure of the(sympathetic) cardiac nerve in the adult body and also in embryo of this animal. The cardiac branches and nerves accompanying arteries and veins were clarified in our research. Regarding the pancre as, we clarified that this musk shrews maintains the ventral and dorsal pancreases even in the adult bodies. We investigated the localization of Langerhans islet cells of this animal, and inquired that these cells are located in the dorsal and ventral pancreas in the same way of humans. Based on this datum, we discussed from the viewpoint of the clinical medicine the method improvement of operation of the pancreas head, with keeping duodenum and bile duct.We invented a method of staining these nerve branches using 95% ethanol containing 0.001% alizarin red for dissection of the human cadavers. Using this method, we could exclude the fat surrounding these nerves, stained peripheral nerves in whole. We could elucidate in detail the morphology of the cardiac branches and nerves which accompanied the arteries and also veins and reached the arterial and venous portae of the heart. Consequently, these nerve morphology were found to be almost the same of those of musk shrew. Now, we consider the consistent naming of cardiac branches and nerves which is applicable to morphology and morpogenesis of all vertebrate.<br />研究課題/領域番号:14570008, 研究期間(年度):2002–2003<br />出典：「全胚免疫・分子組識化学的染色による神経系、血管系と内臓の形態形成の三次元的解明」研究成果報告書 課題番号14570008 (KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）) 本文データは著者版報告書より作成
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| 6.
論文 |
論文
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田中, 重徳 ; Tanaka, Shigenori
概要:
1.ニワトリ胚とジャコウネズミ胚の心臓と大血管に分布する迷走神経の心臓枝の発生 平成10年度において、心臓の動脈門と静脈門から入る心臓枝(迷走神経心臓枝)と心臓神経節の発生を大静脈と肺静脈および心房中隔の発生と関連させて追跡し、静脈門側の心
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臓枝と神経節の発生に関して新たな知見を得た。しかしながら、心臓枝に関する用語は著しく混乱しており、正確なデータの記載の仕様が無いというバリアに遭遇した。それ故、すべての脊椎動物に適応可能な命名を確立し、Acta Anat Nippon(1998)73に発表した。 この命名に従い、ニワトリ胚の迷走神経を生体の科学(1999)に発表した。 2.ヒトの心臓に分布する迷走神経心臓枝ならびに交感神経の解明 ヒトの成体の心臓に分布する迷走神経心臓枝の形態を、出来る限り詳しく解剖し、新しいデータを出し、論文を作成し投稿した。Journal of Anatomyに一応受理されたが、心臓に分布する交感神経の枝について、記載を加えるよう要求された。 3.ジャコウネズミの交感神経の心臓神経 平成11年度は、ジャコウネズミの成体の頸・胸部を体壁と内臓を一緒に抗ニューロフィラメント抗体を用いて、全標本的染色を行った。これにより、これまで観察が極めて困難であった交感神経幹から起こる心臓神経が大静脈壁に沿って心臓の静脈門に達するという新しい知見を得た。これを日本解剖学会第59回中部地方会と第105回日本解剖学会全国学術集会で発表した。 4.その他 (1)ヒトの心臓の心房中隔の中を走る環状動脈の副行路については、Kugel(Amer Heart J.1927)の動脈の存在が知られているが、これと異なる破格が見つかった。<br />1) Development of Vagal Branches destined to the heart and great vessels of chick and Suncus embryosIn 1998, we traced developing branches arising from the trunk of the vagus nerve in the chick embryos and the embryos of the house shrews (Suncus murinus). The results obtained by the observation in the whole-mount stained embryos by a immunohistochemical method using antibodies to the nerves and nerve cells are new and of importance for considering the three-dimensional morphology of these nerve elements to the developing heart as well as to the great vessels. Unfortunately, we encountered a great difficulties in describing the e nerve branches, that is the confusion of terms of the cardiac nerve branches. For the aim to clear and overcome thisdifficulties, we dissected the thoracic viscera and vagal nerve branches to the heart and great vessels under a stereomicroscope and traced the full-course from their origin to the final distribution in the heart. The observed nerves branches were named from the developmental viewpoint. In this way, we have found an excellent way of terminology in which every cardiac nerve branches of any vertebrates can be named without causing confusion. This result has been published in Acta Anatomica Nipponica 73 in 1998.The results obtained in the study of chick embryos has been published, though in part, in "Seitai no Kagaku" (Science of Living Bodies).2) Vagal and Sympathetic Nerve Branches Distributed to the Heart and Great Vessels of HumansIn the same way applied to the study 1 mentioned just above, we traced vagal and sympathetic cardica nerves branches in greater detail than ever. We fond, in addition to the vagal cardiac branches, which pass through the aortic porta of the heart, nerves branches entering the venous porta to be distributed to the atria and the interatrial septum. We have made a manuscript of these findings and sent to referee of Journal of Anatomy (England) ; this manuscript has been tentatively accepted, being required to add the findings on the sympathetic cardiac nerve branches.3) Sympathetic Cardiac Nerve Branches to the Heart of the House Shrews, Suncus murinusObservation of the total course of sympathetic cardiac nerves branches is very difficult, or impossible in practice, because the scanty of myelination of these nerve branches. For overcome this difficulty, we have tries a whole-mount staining of the thoracic organs including the heart and great vessels by use of antibodies to neurofilament ; By this method, the total course of the vagal and sympathetic cardiac nerve branches are clearly observable. We have got a new data that the sympathetic cardiac nerve branches destined for the venous portion of the heart take their course along the great venous vessels, I.e., the superior caval veins and the pulmonary veins. We made presentation in the local and general Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Anatomical Association in 1999 and 2000.4) Another FindingsWe have traced the variant artery coursing in the interatrial septum of the human heart. The manuscript of this findings has been sent to the referees of Acta Anatomica Nipponica, ; this has been tentatively accepted, some reverses being required.<br />研究課題/領域番号:10670010, 研究期間(年度):1998–1999<br />出典：「全胚免疫組織化学染色法等による心・鰓弓系器官の神経・血管・筋の発生の三次元的研究」研究成果報告書 課題番号10670010 (KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）) 本文データは著者版報告書より作成
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| 7.
論文 |
論文
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外山, 寛 ; Toyama, Hiroshi
概要:
金沢大学大学院医学系研究科<br />健康な大学生(男女各15名)と5〜6歳の幼児(男子20名、女子11名)を対象に、床振動時の姿勢制御の自動化に伴う手指運動の並行制御能の変化を検討した。床振動台に搭載した床反力計上で立位姿勢を保持させ、ゴ
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ーグル型ディスプレイを装着した。床振動は、振幅2.5cm、周波数0.5Hzでのsin波状の前後移動とした。ディスプレイ上に標的光源を提示し、周波数0.3Hzでsin波状に水平に移動させた。手指運動は、直線型ポテンシオメータの左右方向の操作とし、その出力でディスプレイ上の追従光源を移動させた。標的光源の視角は20度(左右各10度)とし、これに対応する手指の移動距離は大学生では15cm、幼児では7cmとした。手指運動の練習の後、床反力計上で立位での測定を行った。手指運動のみの測定を1回行い(コントロール)、その後床振動を6回負荷した。第1と第6試行では手指運動を並行させた。第2〜5試行は閉眼で行った。1試行は1分とした。足圧中心動揺の平均速度、標的光源と追従光源の位置の相互相関係数を算出し、次の結果を得た。足圧中心動揺の平均速度は、大学生と幼児ともに、第3試行まで大きく減少し、第4と第5試行では殆ど変化がなかった。第6試行の平均速度は、第5試行に比べて、大学生では男女ともに有意に増加した。幼児では、男子のみが有意に増加した。標的光源と追従光源の位置の相互相関係数は、大学生では男女とも第1試行がコントロールと第6試行に比べて有意に低かった。コントロールと第6試行では有意差がなかった。幼児の相互相関係数は、コントロール>第6試行>第1試行の順に高く、全ての試行間に有意差が認められた、これらの結果は、成人と幼児において、動的姿勢制御の自動化に伴い手指運動の並行制御能が向上すること、幼児におけるその向上は、成人に比べて低く、かつその様相は男子で顕著であることを示すものと考えられた。<br />We investigated simultaneous control of dynamic standing posture on an oscillating platform and the upper limb movement in adults (15 men and 15 women, aged 19-23 yrs.) and children (20 boys and 11 girls, aged 5-6 yrs.).The oscillating table mounted with a force platform was oscillated sinusoidaly in anteroposterior direction with 2.5 cm amplitude and 0.5 Hz frequency. A target spot, which was presented on a face mounting display, was moved sinusoidaly in lateral direction with visual angle of 20 degrees and 0.3 Hz frequency. Upper limb movement was picked up using electric signal of a potentiometer that was controlled toward lateral direction. A tracing spot for following the target spot, which was controlled by the upper limb, was also presented on the display. The limb movement was measured for 1 minute in quiet standing (Control) after the limb training session. After that, the floor oscillation for 1 minute was repeated 6 times. The limb movement was simultaneously performed in the 1st and 6th trials.For all subjects, the mean speed of the fluctuation of center of foot pressure decreased rapidly until the 3rd trial, exhibiting no significant change thereafter. The speed in the 6th trial was significantly increased relative to that in the 5th trial for both sexes of adult-group and for boys. The limb tracing performance was the lowest in the 1st trial in adult-and child-groups. No significant difference in the tracing performance was found between Control and the 6st trials for adult-group. The performance of the 6th trial in child-group was significantly lower than that of Control trial.These results suggest that (1) simultaneous control of dynamic standing posture and the upper limb movement improves with automatization of the postural control ; (2) the improvement in children, especially in boys, was inferior to that in adults.<br />研究課題/領域番号:15500407, 研究期間(年度):2003-2004<br />出典：「床振動反復負荷時の姿勢と手指運動の並行制御能の発達」研究成果報告書 課題番号15500407 (KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）) 本文データは著者版報告書より作成
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| 8.
論文 |
論文
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和田, 隆志 ; Wada, Takashi
概要:
Interferon-inducible protein-10(IP-10)/CXCL10およびその受容体CXCR3の腎発生ならびに腎進行性線維化への関与を検討した1)IP-10ならびCXCR3はマウス胎児期において腎組織内に発現がみられる
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ことが判明した.一旦,マウス腎が成熟する生後1週以降ではほとんど発現がみられなくなった.一方,虚血再環流障害モデルを作成したところ,IP-10ならびにCXCR3ともに間質浸潤細胞ならびに尿細管上皮細胞に発現を認めた.この新たに発現がみられるIP-10/CXCR3の役割を検討する目的で,虚血再環流障害モデル作成時に抗IP-10中和抗体投与を行った.その結果,抗IP-10中和抗体投与群において,対照群と比較して再環流後4日で尿細管上皮細胞の再生が増加することが判明した.さらにこの虚血再環流モデルにおいて,尿細管上皮細胞増殖の亢進がKi67陽性細胞数増加より示された.さらに培養マウス尿細管上皮細胞を用いてwound healing testを施行した.その結果,抗IP-10中和抗体投与によりwound healingが促進することが示された.さらに,抗IP-10中和抗体共培養によりKi67陽性細胞で示される細胞増殖が促進された.2)進行性腎線維化モデルにおける意義を検討した.抗IP-10中和抗体投与群において4日,7日目に腎間質線維化率の増加を確認した.さらに組織コラーゲン含有をあらわすハイドロキシプロリン量も増加した.加えて,TGF-β_1蛋白ならびにmRNAの腎での発現は増加した.この発現は,抗IP-10中和抗体投与によりさらに亢進した.一方,線維化抑制効果を示すと考えられているHGF mRNA発現も同様に増加した.抗IP-10中和抗体はこのHGF mRNA発現を抑制した.培養マウス尿細管上皮細胞においてH_2O_2存在下のTGF-β_1 mRNA発現はリコンビナントIP-10添加により減少し,抗IP-10中和抗体により増加した.以上の結果より,抗IP-10中和抗体投与により腎線維化促進効果がみられ,この機序として尿細管上皮細胞でのTGFβ_1発現亢進ならびにHGF発現低下を介していることが推測された.以上より,IP-10/CXCR3は腎発生ならびに腎線維化に至る修復機構に深く関与する因子であることが推測される.<br />Studies of chemokines and their cognate receptors have shed light on the detailed molecular mechanisms of leukocyte trafficking and activation in various inflammatory diseases including renal ones. Chemokine receptors expressed on renal resident cells might be involved in proliferation, proteinuria and fibrogenesis. Novel biological functions of chemokines would expand their universe beyond chemotaxis and activation of inflammatory cells in renal diseases. Importantly, IP-10 and its cognate receptor CXCR3 are now considered to contribute to renal development. In addition, IP-10/CXCR3 play a role in progressive renal fibrosis, which is a hallmark of progressive renal diseases despite their etiologies. The selective intervention of IP-10/CXCR3 via the administration of anti-IP-10 neutralizing antibodies enhanced progressive renal fibrosis. This IP-10-CXCR3-dependent anti-fibrotic mechanism(s) was confirmed in CXCR3 gene targeted mice. These findings suggest that IP-10/CXCR3 may prove beneficial for progressive renal fibrosis.<br />研究課題/領域番号:16590784, 研究期間(年度):2004-2005<br />出典：「ケモカインを介した腎発生ならびに再静機序とその制御」研究成果報告書 課題番号16590784 (KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）) 本文データは著者版報告書より作成
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| 9.
論文 |
論文
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高倉, 伸幸 ; Takakura, Nobuyuki
概要:
金沢大学がん研究所<br />造血幹細胞を用いた再生医療への応用のため、効率のよい幹細胞の試験管内増幅にむけ造血幹細胞の未分化性の維持や自己複製等の幹細胞性の維持の分子機序を我々が以前より造血幹細胞、血管内皮細胞に共に発現し、幹細胞の増殖機
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構に関与することをそのノックアウトマウスにおいて解明してきたレセプター型チロシンキナーゼTIE2の機能解析を中心に行なった。胎児肝や成体骨髄など造血組織では造血幹細胞の増殖が血管内皮細胞近傍で生じることが明らかになった。これら造血幹細胞はTIE2ばかりでなくTIE2の結合因子アンジオポエチン-1(Ang1)を分泌することが判明した。そこでTIE2が恒常的に活性化するTIE2の変異cDNAを作成しTIE2の詳細な機能を解析した。その結果TIE2の活性化は細胞死の抑制、細胞周期の遅延化、細胞外マトリックスへの細胞接着の増強を誘導することが判明した。さらに、TIE2が活性化する血管内皮細胞と血液細胞は選択的に接着することが明らかになり、造血幹細胞の分泌するAng1が内皮-造血幹細胞間の接着に関与し、これが引き金となり幹細胞の自己複製が誘導されると考察された。以上の研究結果に立脚し、TIE2の活性化により制御をうける分子につきマイクロアレイ法を用いて複数の遺伝子単離に成功した。我々がE11と呼ぶ新規の転写因子は極々の臓器の幹細胞レベルの細胞に発現し、本遺伝子のノックアウトマウスでは造血幹細胞の発生する9.5日目にはすでに胎生致死であることが判明した。今後造血細胞特異的なE11のノックアウトマウスを作成して造血幹細胞における機能を詳細にする。また、幹細胞、血管内皮細胞の接着に関わると考えられる分子の候補としてgalectin-3を単離した。今後galectin-3をTDB2遺伝子のプロモーター制御下で過剰発現するマウスを作成し、造血幹細胞性に与える影響を観察する。<br />For regeneration therapy using hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs), it is necessary to expand HSCs in vitro effectively. We tried to analyze the self-renewal and maintenance of immature phenotype so called, "HSC's stemness" for in vitro expansion of HSCs. In this experiment, we focused on receptor tyrosine kinase, TIE2,which is expressed on both HSCs and endothelial cells(ECs).We found that proliferation of HSCs are observed near ECs forming capillary in hematopoietic organ, such as fetal liver, bone marrow and so on and such HSCs produce angiopoietin-1(Ang1), a ligand for TIE2. Then, we analyzed the function of TIE2 for sternness by using constitutively active form of TIE2. Result showed that TIE2 activation promote several kinds of biological phenomena such as anti-apoptosis, delay of cell cycle, and enhancement of cell adhesion to matrix. Moreover, upon an activation of TIE2 on ECs and hematopoietic cells(HCs), those cells selectively adhered with each other tightly. This suggests that Ang1 from HSCs stimulates TIE2 on both HSCs and ECs in the foci and becomes trigger for cell adhesion and stemness of HSCs.Based on these experiments, we tried to isolate TIE2 activation associating gene using micro-array methods and obtained several candidate genes. E11, a novel gene of putative transcriptional factor, expresses on several stem cells in variety of organ and targeted disruption of this gene led to early embryonic lethality before HSCs develop. We will try to establish knock out mice those have HSCs specifically disrupted of E11 gene and analyze this gene in hematopoiesis precisely. Moreover, we isolated a candidate gene, galectin-3, that may associate with cell adhesion between HSCs and ECs. We have started to generate a transgenic mice expressing galectin-3 on HSCs and ECs under the transcriptional control of TIE2 promoter and will analyze the stemness of HSCs using this mice.<br />研究課題/領域番号:13470207, 研究期間(年度):2001 – 2003<br />出典：「造血幹細胞の発生・自己複製に関わる分子クローニングとその機能解析」研究成果報告書 課題番号13470207（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13470207/134702072003kenkyu_seika_hokoku_gaiyo/)を加工して作成
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| 10.
論文 |
論文
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積山, 薫
概要:
金沢大学文学部<br />異種感覚の情報の統合過程については,生得的か学習されるものかという個体発生の問題が,古くから研修者の興味を集めてきた。本研究では,マガーク効果を含めた視聴覚音声知覚における統合過程の年齢的変化を調べることにより,こ
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の問題を考える手がかりを得ることをにした。被験者は,3歳・7歳・11歳・20歳の4群で,各群10人ずつとした。刺激材料は,日本人話者1人が発話した/ba/と/da/で,視聴覚刺激は,もともとの声と映像の一致した組み合わせの他に,/ba/と/da/の間で映像と音声を入れ替えたものを矛盾刺激として作成した。これらクリアな刺激の他に,刺激を劣化させたものも作成した。音の劣化は,カットオフ周波数730kHzのローパスフィルター,映像の劣化は,口の部分へのモザイク効果によった。それぞれ,単一モダリティだけでの正答率が大学生で80%くらいになるような劣化の程度を予備実験によって決定していた。呈示モダリティには音のみ(明瞭およびローパス劣化),映像のみ(明瞭およびモザイク劣化),およびこれらを組み合わせた4通りの視聴覚条件があった。課題は,話者が何と言ったと感じたかを'ba'か'da'の口頭で答えることであった。単一モダリティ条件では,刺激を劣化させない場合,音の聞き取り,読唇とも同定は正確で,年齢差はなかったが,劣化させた場合,聞き取りも読唇も3歳児が他の年齢よりも有意に悪い成績を示した。AV条件では,音がクリアな場合,マガーク効果の大きさに有意な年齢差はなかった。音が劣化している場合,3歳児の反応が他の年齢群と有意に異なり,3歳児は,一致刺激での視覚による促進効果は大人と同じくらい大きかったのに,矛盾刺激でのマガーク効果は他の年齢群よりも有意に小さかった。以上の結果は,AV一致刺激に対する統合が生得的ないしは極めて早い時期に生じるのに対して,マガーク効果のような不一致刺激に対する統合は読唇能力の発達を待って生じる可能性を示唆している。<br />Inter-sensory integration has been investigated especially in terms of the nature-nurture problem. The present study examined developmental changes in auditory-visual integration in speech perception including the McGurk effect. The McGurk effect is an audiovisual illusion showing that hearing speech is influenced by conflicting visual lip-read information.The subjects Were 3-year-old, 7-year-old, 11-year-old, and 20-year-old native speakers of Japanese. Each age group included 10 subjects. Stimuli were created from/ba/and/da/spoken by a Japanese female talker. Videotaped syllables were edited, resulting in audiovisually conflicting stimuli (audio/ba/, video/da/, and vice versa) as well as audiovisually matching stimuli (audio/ba/, video/ba/). In addition to original intact stimuli, degraded stimuli were prepared. The degraded auditory stimuli were created by lowpass filtering with a cut-off frequency of 730 kHz, the degraded visual stimuli were obtained by mosaic effect at and around the mouth. Based on pilot experiments, the level of the degradation was set so that accuracy of the unimodal performance was about 80% in the 20-year-old. There were several modality conditions : A-only (clear and lowpass), V-only (clear and mosaic), and AV (combinations of the unimodal conditions). The task of the subjects were to report what they perceived by choosing either/ba/or/da/.In the-A- and V-only conditions, clear stimuli were perceived very accurately, showing no age differences. In the AV conditions, the size of the McGurk effect was the same across the age groups when the auditory component was clear. When the auditory component was degraded, the size of the McGurk effect was significantly smaller in the 3-year-old than in the other age groups, although the 3-year-old showed as strong a McGurk effect as the other age groups.These results suggest that the integration for audiovisually conflicting stimuli emerges relatively late, whereas audiovisually matching stimuli are perceptually integrated at a very early stage of life.<br />研究課題/領域番号:10610070, 研究期間(年度):1998 – 1999<br />出典：「マルチモーダル音声コミュニケーションの発達」研究成果報告書 課題番号10610070（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10610070/106100701999kenkyu_seika_hokoku_gaiyo/）を加工して作成
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