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論文
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難波, 恒雄 ; 御影, 雅幸 ; 蔡, 少青
概要:
Adiantum属植物は世界に200種余りが知られ, アジア地区には約50種が分布している. そのうち世界的には20数種, アジア地区では約17種がその全草あるいは葉や地下部が薬用に供されるされている. 中国では一般に清熱, 解毒, 利尿薬
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として, 咳, 皮膚病, 去痰, 通経, 赤痢, 蛇毒, 鎮痛, 炎症などに用いられており, またインドをはじめとするアーュルウェーダ医学の系統をもつ国々では, 去痰, 利尿のほかに, 強壮薬や緩和薬, 収斂薬としても使用されている. しかしこれまで, 本属植物を基源とする生薬の基源解明に関する研究は全くなされておらず, また広い地域で多種が利用されているにもかかわらず, その利用情況は不明であった. 市場には通常全草品が出廻るため鑑別は比較的容易であるが, 刻まれたり破損した生薬も多く, 外形による鑑別が困難な場合も多い. 一方, 本属植物の内部形態に関する記載はわずかに見られるが, 系統的な研究はなく, 商品の鑑別には利用し難い. そこで本属植物に山来するアジア地区産生薬の内部形態による鑑別法を確立し, 市場品の基源を明らかにする目的で市場調査を行うとともに, アジア産の本属植物の比較組織学的研究を行った. 秦 (CHING) の分類によると, 中国及びその隣邦に分布する本属植物は7 sericsに分けられる. このうちseries Caudata CHINGに属する植物は葉 (Fig.1-A) が1回羽状複薬で, その先端は通常鞭状に延長し地面に着ぎ, 幼根を生じ無性繁殖を行い, 小薬は平多くが非対称形, 少数のものが団扇形を呈するなどの点で平, 他のseriesとは大きく異なっている. 本seriesの植物はアジア地区に約14種が分布し, その内A. caudatum L., A. philippense L. 及びA.capillus-junonis RUPR. の3種が薬川にされると記されている. 本報ではこの3種を含む中国及びその周辺諸国に分布するseries Caudata植物7種の内部形態を検討し, 入手し得た市場品中本seriesに属するものの基源を明らかにしたので報告する. To identify the botanical origins of crude drugs derived from Adiantum spp. used mainly in China, India etc., the pharmacognostical study on Adiantum plants of Asia was carried out. This paper dealt with the anatomical characters of seven Adiantum species of series Caudata CHING growing in China and neighbouring countries. The results were as follows:(I) These seven species can be distinguished separately in the presence of wing and the shape of the transection of the xylem in stipe, the presence and shape of hair, the position of guard cells relative to the subsidiary cells and the shape of the transection of abaxial and adaxial margins of pinnule, etc.;(II) All these seven species have two characters which differ from the species of other series, namely, the larger tracheids present at the dorsal side of the xylem of stipe and one or two spicular cells (fibres) are observed in the upper epidermis above most veins;(III) On the basis of the abovc results the crude drug Zhu-zong-cao from Sichuan of China was found to be derivcd from Adianmm capillus-junonis, Bian-ye-tie-xian-jue from Taiwan derived from A. caudatum, Tie-xian-jue from Taiwan and Persia Oshan from Dacca of Bangladesh derived from A. philippense.
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| 2.
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難波, 恒雄 ; 御影, 雅幸 ; 蔡, 少青
概要:
前報ではAdiantum属植物の中のseries Caudata植物の内部形態とその関連生薬の基源について報告した. 本報ではseries Pedata CHING及びFlabellulata CHINGに属する植物の内部形態及びその関連生
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薬の基源について報告する. アジア地区にはseries Pedataの植物は2種, Flabellulataの植物は5種が分布し, そのうち前者のAdiantum pedatum L. とA. myriosorum BAK. 及び後者のA. flabellulatum L. が中国やインドにおいて薬用に供されるといわれている. またA. pedatumは欧米諸国でも去痰, 抗リューマチ, 肺疾患の治療薬などとして用いられている. Series Pedataの植物は葉が1回叉状に分岐し, 羽片は対称する2本の分枝の上側にのみつき, 小葉は非対称形をなす. 一方, series Flabellulataの植物は葉が掌状又は羽状に (1-) 2-3回叉状分岐し, 小葉は扇形, 類円形又は非対称形を呈す. 今回, 中国及びその周辺に分布する上述の3種を含むseries PedataとFlabellulataの植物計6種を比較組織学的に検討し, 入手しえた関連生薬の基源を明らかにしたので報告する. This paper dealt with the anatomical characters of two species belonging to series Pedata and four species belonging to series Flabellulata of genus Adiantum, which grow in China and neighbouring countries. The results were as follows:(I) These four Flabellulata species can be distinguished from one another by the distribution or shape of hairs, the distribution of stomata in pinnule, the shape of the cells of supporting sheath in the transection of root, etc. But the two Pedata species showed the same anatomical characters with each other.(II) Plants of the two series are distinguishable, that is, four Flabellulata species, all having hairs in the blade or petiole of pinnule, most veins terminating at the upper margin, a stele (or xylem) branching into two meristeles (or xylems), while Pedata species have one stele and xylem which do not branch but show U-shape in the transection of lower and basal parts of the stipe.(III) On the basis of above results, it was clarified that the crude drugs, Tie-si-cao, Jin-tou-wugong, Xiao-hao-yin-fen-bei-jue and Shi-bi-huang from Taiwan, Hei-gu-cao from Hongkong, Hei-jiao-jue from Guangxi and Zhu-zong-cao from Sichuan of China were all derived from A. flabellulatum, and Seki-cho-sei from Nagoya of Japan was derived from A. pedatum.
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| 3.
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難波, 恒雄 ; 御影, 雅幸 ; 蔡, 少青
概要:
The anatomical characters of seven species belonging to series Venusta of genus Adiantum from China and neighbouring cou
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ntries are described. The results were as follows:(I) These seven species can be distinguished from one another by the distribution of stomata and spicular cells (fibres); whether the supporting sheath border on the epidermis in the ultimate pinnule or not; the shape of the xylem in transection of the stipe; the number of cells of supporting sheath in the root, etc. with the exception that A. davidi and A. venustum showed the same anatomical characters.(II) All these seven species have two characters which differ from the species of other series reported previously by us, that is, the shape of both margins of pinnule are acute in transection, and the upper epidermal cells of intercostal areas are transversely elongated or isodiametric in transection.(III) It was found that the crude drug Zhu-zong-cao from Yunnan province of China, was derived from A. bonatianum. 著者らはアジアに分布するAdiantum属植物の内部形態とその関連生薬の基源について研究し, これまでseries Caudata, Pedata及びFlabellulata植物について報告してきた. 本報ではseries Venusta CHINGの組織学的分類及びその関連生薬の基源について報告する. Series Venusta植物はアジア地区には中国を中心に約10種が知られている. 本sericsの植物の葉は23回羽状複葉であり, 小葉は対称形で, 扇子形, 卵形, 倒卵形あるいは倒三角形を呈し, 長さ及び幅はともに5 10mm, 分裂せず上縁にはしばしば細歯牙が認められる. 本series植物の内, A. davidi FRANCH., A. bonatianum BRAUSE, A. fimbriatum CHRIST及びA. monochlamysEATONが中国で, A.venustum DONがインド, ネハールなどで, またA.monochlamysが日本でそれぞね薬用に用いられるとされる. 今回は分布域が狭く, 生育量も少ない数種を除いて, 中国及びその周辺に分布する上述の5種を含むscries Venusta植物計7種について比較組織学的研究を行い, 同時に, 入手し得た各国の生薬の内, 本seriesに属する, 中国雲南省市場の「猪宗草」の基源を検討した.
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| 4.
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難波, 恒雄 ; 御影, 雅幸 ; 蔡, 少青 ; 楼, 之岑
概要:
The botanical origin of Ginseng Folium (人参葉,Ren-shen-ye), a Chinese crude drug used for diseases of the viscera, is exam
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ined. The morphological and anatomical characteristics of the leaf and stem of Panax ginseng C. A. MEYER cultivated in China for 1 to 5 or 6 years are described. It is found that the vessels increase in number and diameter, and also the vascular bundles increase in number, as the plant becomes old. The result shows that the commercial "Ren-shen-ye" samples on the markets of Beijing, Kunming, Guilin, Chong-ging, Changsha and Hongkong have been derived from the leaf and stem of 3- to 5- or 6-year-old P. ginseng plants, most of them being 5- or 6-year-old. The commercial "Ren-shen-ye" derived from other Panax species will be reported in the next paper.
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| 5.
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難波, 恒雄 ; 御影, 雅幸 ; 蔡, 少青 ; 楼, 之岑 ; 田中, 治
概要:
In the previous paper, studies of the "Ren-shen-ye" (Ginseng Folium) derived from Panax ginseng C. A. MEYER were reported. This paper describes anatomical studies of five varieties of Panax pseudo-ginseng WALL., namely, var. japonicus
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HOO et TSENG, var. angustifolius LI, var. elegantior Hoo et TSENG, var. bipinnatifidus LI and var. notoginseng HOO et TSENG, and the commercial "Ren-shen-ye" derived from some of these varieties. The results show that i) these five varieties can be distinguished from one another by the differences in the number and diameter of the vessels in the petioles, the relative thickness of the upper projection of the petiolules, the presence of palisade tissue, and they can also be differentiated from P. ginseng in the relative thickness of the upper and lower projections of the midrib; ii) P. pseudo-ginseng var. japonicus obtained from China, Japan and Nepal can be distinguished from one another by the presence of fibrous bundle sheath in the petiolule, or by its shape; iii) the commercial "Ren-shen-ye" produced in Shaanxi is derived from the leaf and stem of P. pseudoginseng var. japonicus (P. pseudo-ginseng var. major LI), while the "Ren-shen-ye" from Shanghai market is from the leaf and stem of P. pseudo-ginseng var. elegantior. Anatomical characters, useful for the identification of Panax species in China, Japan and Nepal are provided.
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