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| 1.
論文 |
論文
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Naruhashi, Kazumasa ; Asahi, Mariko ; Higuchi, Yasuko ; Matsushita, Ryo ; Shimizu, Sakae ; Kimura, Kazuko ; Suzuki, Nagao ; Yokogawa, Koichi ; Fujita, Shin-ichi ; Miyamoto, Ken-ichi ; 成橋, 和正 ; 松下, 良 ; 清水, 栄 ; 木村, 和子 ; 鈴木, 永雄 ; 横川, 弘一 ; 宮本, 謙一
概要:
医薬保健研究域薬学系<br />To explore appropriate antimicrobial usage in Kanazawa University Hospital, the surveillance of antimicr
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obial use on an individual patient basis was conducted and analyses of outstanding cases were made in detail. All data of inpatients between August 1st and November 30th 1999, who were prescribed at least one of the 11 antimicrobial injections that are frequently used at our hospital were collected by utilizing a computer database support system of the hospital. The overall usage seemed appropriate in terms of the period of use based on an antimicrobial analysis. However, an analysis on an individual-patient basis suggested some inappropriate usage/misuse in certain cases. Imipenem was prescribed from the ophthalmology ward in more than 50% of all cases. This was found to be used as a postoperative prophylactic antibiotic. Since no antibiotic was prescribed to these patients thereafter, this usage cannot be defined as inappropriate although alternative antibiotics may be considered. Vancomycin was prescribed to some methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-negative patients. We also found some extensively prolonged usage of antimicrobials. All of these were considered to be inappropriate in regard to usage specified for insurance. After investigations of medical charts and consultations with attending physicians, these antimicorobials had been empirically prescribed. In one case, imipenem was prescribed to an imipenem-insensitive patient. A different effective antimicrobial drug should have been prescribed. In conclusion, we were able to uncover some inappropriate usage of antimicrobials in a patient-by-patient investigation. Our findings suggest that further surveillance and on-time suggestions to prescribers should result in a more appropriate administration of antimicrobials.
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| 2.
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その他
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旭, 満里子 ; Asahi, Mariko
概要:
取得学位：博士(薬学)，学位授与番号：博甲第551号，学位授与年月日：平成15年3月25日,学位授与年：2003
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| 3.
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論文
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Hirosawa, Iori ; Ishikawa, Mai ; Ogino, Mio ; Ito, Hiroshi ; Hirao, Takuya ; Yamada, Harumi ; Asahi, Mariko ; Kotaki, Hajime ; Sai, Yoshimichi ; Miyamoto, Ken-ichi
概要:
Clenbuterol is a long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist and bronchodilator that is used for the treatment of asthma, but th
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e desired activities reside almost exclusively in the (-)-R-enantiomer. This study examined enantioselectivity in the disposition of clenbuterol following administration of clenbuterol racemate to rats. Concentrations of clenbuterol enantiomers in plasma, urine and bile were determined by LC-MS/MS assay with a Chirobiotic T column. This method was confirmed to show high sensitivity, specificity and precision, and clenbuterol enantiomers in 0.1ml volumes of plasma were precisely quantified at concentrations as low as 0.25ng/ml. The pharmacokinetic profiles of clenbuterol enantiomers following intravenous and intraduodenal administration of clenbuterol racemate (2mg/kg) in rats were significantly different. The distribution volume of (-)-R-clenbuterol (9.17l/kg) was significantly higher than that of (+)-S-clenbuterol (4.14l/kg). The total body clearance of (-)-R-clenbuterol (13.5ml/min/kg) was significantly higher than that of the (+)-S-enantiomer (11.5ml/min/kg). An in situ absorption study in jejunal loops showed no difference in the residual amount between the (-)-R- and (+)-S-enantiomers. Urinary clearance was the same for the two enantiomers, but biliary excretion of (-)-R-clenbuterol was higher than that of the (+)-S-enantiomer. The fractions of free (non-protein-bound) (-)-R- and (+)-S-clenbuterol in rat plasma were 48.8% and 33.1%, respectively. These results indicated that there are differences in the distribution and excretion of the clenbuterol enantiomers, and these may be predominantly due to enantioselective protein binding. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.<br />発行後1年より全文公開
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| 4.
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論文
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Odanaka, Minori ; Asahi, Mariko ; Yokogawa, Koichi ; Miyamoto, Kenichi
概要:
金沢大学医学部附属病院薬剤部<br />On the therapy of constipation, there are few reports that surveyed the actual circumstance of patie
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nts taking laxatives and the effectiveness of the drug. In this study, we investigated the contents in prescription, the actual conditions of administration of laxatives, and the subjective symptoms of inpatients in all wards of Kanazawa University hospital (2000. 12.1-2000. 12. 10). As a result of the investigation, the percentage of patients prescribed some laxatives was found to be about 31.5% (274) of all hospitalized patients (871), and among them about 16% (43) of the patients had some problems in defecation control. One of the causes leading to the problems for some patients (11) among them seemed to be due to the lesser amount of magnesium oxide taken per day. Then, in the ophthalmology ward we further investigated the proper use of laxatives and the defecation condition of the patient using a questionnaire paper and a record paper (20 cases). Patients became constipated by hospitalization, and although being administered some laxatives, they were often insufficient to control the defecation. Some patients (7) with changeable defecation control could be improved by change or addition of prescription. Pharmacist concerned 5 cases of patients with change or addition of prescription. This study indicates that pharmacists should actively offer information and rational usage of laxatives to doctors and patients.
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