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1.
論文 |
西内, 巧 ; Nishiuchi, Takumi
概要:
金沢大学学際科学実験センター遺伝子研究施設<br />植物病原糸状菌であるムギ類赤かび病菌は、作物に減収だけでなくかび毒汚染による質的な被害をもたらす。本研究では、本菌に罹病性のシロイヌナズナを用いて、植物の抵抗性やかび毒解毒に関わる候補遺
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伝子の発現を改変させた形質転換体を解析し、抵抗性を顕著に向上させる2遺伝子、かび毒を低減化させる2遺伝子を同定した。これらの遺伝子を効果的に組合せることで、赤かび病による病徴とかび毒蓄積を共に低減化し得る植物の作出が期待された。<br />Fusarium head blight (FHB) is serious disease leading to significant yield loss and accumulation of trichothecene mycotoxins. To improve disease resistance and mycotoxin detoxification in plants against F. graminearum, we generated transgenic stacking in Arabidopsis plants. We had identified some defense-related genes that are involved in the disease resistance against F. graminearum. Among these genes, we revealed that the ubq6/6* double mutant strong disease resistance. The barley HvGST13 and HvGR2 genes were specifically upregulated in the barley breeding lines showing lower mycotoxin (DON) accumulation. The HvGST13ox and HvGR2ox Arabidopsis plants were DON-resistant phenotypes compared to wild type. In addition, HvGST13ox Arabidopsis plants showed weak disease symptoms and low DON accumulation after inoculation of F. graminearum conidia. In the future, crossing the ubq6/6* mutant with HvGST13ox and HvGR2ox likely shows low disease symptoms and DON accumulation by F. graminearum.<br />研究課題/領域番号:26450053, 研究期間(年度):2014-04-01 - 2017-03-31
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2.
論文 |
西内, 巧 ; Nishiuchi, Takumi
概要:
植物の環境ストレス応答には、タンパク質のリン酸化リレーでシグナルを伝達するMAPK(mitogen-activated protein kinase)カスケードが中心的な役割を担っている。MAPKカスケードでは、MAPKKK→MAPKK→M
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APKと順次リン酸化され、シロイヌナズナのMAPKK及びMAPKについては機能解明が進んでいるが、MAPKKKのほとんどは機能未知である。本研究では、シロイヌナズナのMAPKKKの1つであるMKD1により制御されるMAPKカスケードを明らかにし、赤かび病菌等の植物病原菌に対する抵抗性に重要な役割を担うことを明らかにした。<br />MAPKKK delat-1 (MKD1), a novel Raf-like MAPKKK, was isolated as a subunit of a complex including the Arabidopsis transcription factor AtNFXL1. An MKD1-dependent cascade positively regulates disease resistance against PstDC3000 and the trichothecene mycotoxin-producing fungal pathogen Fusarium sporotrichioides. MKD1 directly interacted with MKK1 and MKK5 in vivo, and phosphorylated MKK1 and MKK5 in vitro. Correspondingly, mkk1 mutant and MKK5RNAi transgenic plants showed enhanced susceptibility to F. sporotrichioides. MKD1 was required for full activation of two MAPKs (MPK3 and MPK6) by the T-2 toxin. Finally, quantitative phosphoproteomics revealed that an MKD1-dependent cascade controlled phosphorylation of a disease resistance protein, SUMOs, and a mycotoxin-detoxifying enzyme. Our findings reveal that the MKD1-MKK1/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6-dependent signalling cascade plays an important role in plant immune responses against both bacterial and fungal phytopathogens.<br />研究課題/領域番号:23580060, 研究期間(年度):2011-2013
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