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安心と安全研究班著 ; 羽原敬二 [ほか執筆]
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川上, 光彦 ; 山下, 泰士 ; 黒井, 秀信 ; 西野, 達也
概要:
This paper studies residential environment planning considering historical townscape preservation by analyzing two aspec
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ts based on surveys in Kanazawa City as a case study. 1. Residential problems and planning themes are clarified based on surveys of designated district where special treatments are needed for prevention work against fire spreading and acceptability of residents to planning tools is also analyzed based on the questionnaire survey. 2. Effectiveness and applicability of relating planning tools for rehabilitating those problems are analyzed through case studies in a district where the designation of “Preservation District of Traditional Buildings and Environment” are studied.
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野口, 喜朗 ; 池本, 敏和 ; 北浦, 勝 ; 宮島, 昌克
概要:
本研究では、歴史的建造物が多く存在する卯辰山山麓寺院群地区における災害の危険性について調査を行った。特に、卯辰山山麓寺院群地区に存在する石垣の状況や斜面の安定に注目し、地区の伝統的建造物群保存調査のために行った。
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青木, 賢人 ; 林, 紀代美
概要:
In Japan, an area of municipality has expanded due to the merger since 2000's. As a result of this merger, various natural environments in Japan that often experience natural disasters and hazards were placed under the authority of
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local government bodies. Information from the local government is quite important for local people in terms of making preparations to deal with a natural disaster. However, after the merger, information on disaster preparations measures was compiled at a central government level and became too broad and exhaustive. People thus found that they had to make up their own minds about the appropriate measures for their respective areas. This means that, at times, many people are still not adequately informed as to how to prepare for and respond to disasters in their localities. In this study, we carried out a questionnaire survey in Hakusan city to observe the diversity of opinions in relation to awareness about natural disasters. The survey found that many residents were unaware of how to properly respond to varying types of natural hazards, particularly less frequent disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The authors consider the cause of these misunderstandings to be the poor channels through which residents access disaster information. Most local people access their information through media sources such as TV, radio and newspapers but this tends to be very general and is aimed at a nation-wide audience. At the same time, residents also utilize local government information but this too tends to be very broad and general. In order to provide appropriate and accurate information on how to deal with natural hazards and disasters, specific localized information is required. Localized channels and means of communications such as presentations and lectures, community-based learning groups etc. are necessary to better assist local residents.
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林, 紀代美 ; 青木, 賢人
概要:
In this study, the authors carried out a questionnaire survey of local residents living in coastal areas in Ishikawa Prefecture. The survey involved a discussion of the problems associated with tsunami disaster mitigation. The surveyed
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districts were Misaki District in Suzu City, Ogi and Ushizu Districts in Noto-cho, and Hashidate District in Kaga City. All of these districts are located along the coast and are expected to experience serious tsunami damage if a tsunami strikes. This expectation is based on assessments conducted by prefectural officials. The results of the questionnaire indicate that the level of readiness for a tsunami disaster by residents is related to their experiences of disaster evacuation drills. In the case of districts which have lots of experiences of disaster evacuation drills that are supported by local governments and local communities, many residents are adequately prepared for a disaster, its after-effects, and the recommended mitigation measures. Disaster readiness also differed according to age and gender. The findings also indicated that more needs to be done to support younger people and women. The four surveyed areas have similar physical features, but each district has different demographic characteristics. These results show that it is necessary to consider appropriate measures according to each district's population and the types of residents' properties.
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清家, 美帆 ; Seike, Miho
概要:
富山県立大学 / 金沢大学理工研究域機械工学系<br />研究代表者はこれまで非常用設備・換気設備のない延長500ｍ以上1000ｍ以下の道路トンネルに対して天井に固定式の垂れ壁を設けることで，火災により発生した天井に沿って遡上する煙の抑止効
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果に着目し，避難安全性の向上を図るための立案を行った．そこで本研究では，平成27年度中（科研スタート支援）に製作した模型トンネルを用い縦断勾配を有する模型実験にて煙挙動の調査を行い，有勾配時の実験を可能とした．<br />This study investigates how smoke propagation is affected by fixing smoke barriers to the ceilings of short tunnels that lack emergency equipment, fire detectors and ventilation facilities. The arresting effect of the barriers is analysed by three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics, and an evacuation is simulated through quantitative risk assessment. Because these barriers are fixed, there is no need to install fire detectors and the activation time need not be considered. Denser smoke was found to collide with the smoke barriers and be refluxed. Consequently, the smoke accumulates upstream of the barrier and its front speed decreases. This effect becomes more pronounced as the barrier height increases, with or without longitudinal inclination of the tunnel. Some evacuees are surrounded by descending smoke close to the fixed smoke barrier, but such occurrences are rare at other locations.<br />研究課題/領域番号:16K16364, 研究期間(年度):2016-04-01 – 2018-03-31
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林, 紀代美 ; Hayashi, Kiyomi
概要:
本研究では，地域や学校で活用可能な学習方法・材の構築と，地域特性に応じた持続的な防災活動・学習を確立するための留意点や工夫の析出を目的とした．地域の災害遺構の活用や，防災「で」「を通して」日常の課題や活動目的を追求することにより，地域や学校
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で取り組みやすく，負担感を減じ，継続的な実行を実現することで，活動や学習を定着させやすくなる。また，災害や地域の特性を十分考慮したマニュアル作成やPDCAを回すための避難訓練が重要である。そのためには，地域観察の実施や防災行動・場所の検討をどう・なぜ進めるかといった，視点や技能，理由に関わる情報提供を市民に分かりやすく提供することが求められる。<br />In this study, the authors corrected and discussed the methods and materials for the supporting regional disaster prevention and for studies of the disaster management in the elementary / junior high school. The summarized points are follows.#1: It is important point of view for the sustainable activities of the regions and schools that "Study the daily subjects through the disaster prevention", not "Study of the disaster prevention". #2: The disaster ruins and contexts exist their own region are good materials for the study of disaster prevention. #3: It is necessary for the training and preparation of management plan for disaster to consider the realistic scenario based on the characteristics of regional disaster. #4: It is necessary to furnish plain information, on the point of views, skills and grounds on the disaster measures activities and studies, to people.<br />研究課題/領域番号:22500985, 研究期間(年度):2010-10-20 - 2014-03-31
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林, 直樹 ; Hayashi, Naoki
概要:
過疎集落の維持と荒廃の「分水嶺」を求めた。既往の文献から一応の「分水嶺」を明らかにした。さらに、将来の推計が可能であることを明らかにした。ただし、調査を進めるうちに、分水嶺は単純ではなく、四段階(農業共同体機能、生活共同体機能、生活基盤、リ
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ーダーの存在)で構成されるという仮説に至った。「分水嶺」を超えた集落に対して、集落移転が有力な候補であることがわかった。<br />研究課題/領域番号:19780184, 研究期間(年度):2007-2008<br />出典：「過疎地からの集落移転に関する基礎的研究」研究成果報告書 課題番号19780184（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-19780184/19780184seika/)を加工して作成
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林, 紀代美 ; Hayashi, Kiyomi
概要:
低頻度高強度災害地域での市民や学校，保育所とその利用者の災害意識や防災対策の課題の把握から，漠然と災害を憂い，人々が発生し得る災害の種類やその特徴・影響と可能性，地域環境と災害とのかかわりを充分理解せず，不十分な認識や対策に陥っていた．災害
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や防災を考えることを自分事にする働きかけを必要としていることが分かった．そこで，災害特性や情報の取得・考察の方法，被災状況を想起するポイントや手順を学習材にまとめ，実際に市民参加イベントや教員研修で活用して，地域環境や生活空間の理解と改善の延長にある学びとして防災学習を展開した．<br />In this study, we grasped the actual situation and problems of disaster awareness and disaster prevention measures of people, schools and nursery schools from questionnaire survey and observation in low frequency and high intensity disaster area. People's worries about disasters were vague. They did not have enough specific knowledge about the types and characteristics of disasters that occur in the area where they live. The method and content of acquiring disaster information were not fully understood. As a result, their disaster prevention measures were also inadequate. Thinking about disasters and their prevention is an important task for them. It leads to the improvement of comfort and safety of living environment. We need to work with the people so that they can understand that. As a specific response, we prepared materials that described the disaster information and learning procedures that were lacking. After that, we provided those materials to the residents and practiced DIG.<br />研究課題/領域番号:26510006, 研究期間(年度):2014-04-01 - 2019-03-31
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堤, 敦朗 ; Tsutsumi, Atsuro
概要:
金沢大学国際機構<br />人権の観点からも、精神疾患をもち、医療や社会的支援を必要とする人々に、エビデンスに基づいたサービスを持続的に提供できるシステムを構築することが重要である。本研究では、学術論文によるエビデンス、国連決議による国際的
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な意思決定の状況に加えをまとめた。更には内外のグッド・プラクティスを集め、国際社会が求めている情報を学術的に提供するため、国際的に災害が多発するフィジーの関係者や専門家への聞き取りを行った。また、神戸市役所と共同で1995年の阪神淡路大震災時の障害者のアクセシビリティに関する過去の記録を調べ、関係者へのインタビューを行い、分析をした。更には、障害者の死亡率などについても検討を行った。<br />From the human rights perspective, it is of critical importance to develop sustainable service system for all including persons with disabilities based on evidence. Therefore, this study complied previous evidences from academic papers, expertize from experts, and international decision-making process on disability by United Nations resolutions in addition to interviews from international and domestic stakeholders. It includes interviews for stakeholders in Fiji that is a disaster prone country in addition we investigated the previous record of Hashin Awaji Earthquake in 1995 in collaboration with the City of Kobe regarding accessibility of persons with disabilities. Furthermore, we calculated the estimated mortality rate of persons with disabilities in disaster settings.<br />研究課題/領域番号:16H06826, 研究期間(年度):2016-08-26 – 2018-03-31
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