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論文
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北岡, 和代
概要:
本稿の目的はバーンアウトに関する研究蓄積をレビューすることよりも、むしろバーンアウトの概念自体に焦点を当て、その変遷を辿ることにある。バーンアウトの概念のルーツは、この四半世紀に起きた幅広い社会的、経済的、文化的発展に深く根づいており、産業
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社会からサービス経済への急速で大規模な転換を伝えているように考えられる。このような社会的転換に際しては、バーンアウトという言葉で言い換えられる精神的なプレッシャーが伴う。21 世紀に入ってからは、バーンアウトは前向きであった精神状態の崩壊と見られるようになっていった。また、バーンアウトはグローバルな現象のように思われるが、その概念の意味は諸国間で異なっている。本稿により、バーンアウトの概念の正確な意味はその背景（文脈）とこの用語を用いる人々の意図により異なることを示す。<br />This paper discuses the concept of burnout itself, rather than reviewing research findings on burnout. The roots of the burnout concept seem to be embedded within broad social, economic, and cultural developments that took place over the last quarter of the previous century and signify the rapid and profound transformation from an industrial society into a service economy. This social transformation is accompanied by psychological pressures that may translate into burnout. After the turn of the century, burnout has increasingly been considered as erosion of a positive psychological state. Although burnout seems to be a global phenomenon, the meaning of the concept differs between countries. The paper documents the variation in exact meaning of the concept of burnout according to context and the intentions of those using the term.
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東口, 和代 ; 森河, 裕子 ; 三浦, 克之 ; 西条, 旨子 ; 田畑, 正司 ; 由田, 克士 ; 相良, 多喜子 ; 中川, 秀昭
概要:
This article presents an evaluation of the factor structures of the Japanese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (M
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BI). The MBI is a widely used psychometric instrument for measuring ‘burnout’ developed by Maslach and her co-workers. The MBI consists of four subscales: Emotional Exhaustion, Personal Accomplishment, Depersonalization, and Involvement. The MBI was translated into Japanese along with a back-translation and was administered to a sample of 267 nurses. Various psychometric analyses showed that the Japanese version of the MBI has high reliability for the 22 items scored for the frequency dimension. The factor analysis using principal factoring with an oblique rotation resulted in three factor structures that had different implications from the MBI: Emotional Exhaustion/Depersonalization, Personal Accomplishment, and Physical Exhaustion. The correlationship between the MBI and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), measures of depression, showed that burnout was a unique phenomenon
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Higashiguchi, Kazuyo ; Morikawa, Yuko ; Miura, Katsuyuki ; Nishijo, Muneko ; Tabata, Masaji ; Ishizaki, Masao ; Nakagawa, Hideaki
概要:
Burnout and Related Factors among Hospital Nurses: Kazuyo HIGASHIGUCHI, et al. Department of Nursing, Kanazawa Medical U
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niversity—The overall goal of this study is to examine the relationship between burnout in hospital nurses and three parameters: occupational factors, individual attributes, and workplace stressors. Two hundred and sixty-eight female nurses from two public general hospitals were surveyed. Three forms were used: first, a demographic data form to ascertain personal attributes; second, the Japanese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to assess burnout; and third, the Japanese version of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) to assess workplace stressors. The Japanese version of MBI consists of three subscales: Physical Exhaustion (PE), Emotional Exhaustion/ Depersonalization (EE+DP), and Personal Accomplishment (PA). The results were as follows: 1. There was a significant correlation between both PE and EE+DP and years of nursing experience, as well as the age of children. 2. There was a significant correlation between PE and the work schedule or workplace. 3. There was no significant correlation between the Japanese MBI subscales and job rank, marital status, or the number of children. 4. There was a significant correlation between the three subscales of Japanese MBI and the Japanese JCQ scales. These findings are discussed.
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Kitaoka-Higashiguchi, Kazuyo ; Morikawa, Yuko ; Miura, Katsuyuki ; Sakurai, Masaru ; Ishizaki, Masao ; Kido, Teruhiko ; Naruse, Yuchi ; Nakagawa, Hideaki
概要:
Objectives: The purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate the effects of burnout on risk factors for arteriosclerotic disease. Methods: Baseline data were collected from 442 male middle managers working for a
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manufacturing company in Japan. All participants had a physical health check-up and completed the Japanese Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. We calculated the Japanese-specific cut-off points of the MBI-GS and applied "exhaustion +1" criterion to define subjects as healthy or burnout at baseline. Follow-up measures were collected 4-5 yr later for 383 middle managers. Changes in the subjects' waist circumference, body weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, HOMA-R, and HbA1c over a time period of 4 to 5 yr were compared between the healthy and burnout groups. New cases of large waist circumference, high BMI, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol, and impaired fasting glucose were detected at follow-up. Results: Changes in waist circumference, body weight, and BMI were significantly greater in burned-out managers than in healthy managers. Furthermore, compared to other variables (age and health behaviors such as smoking), burnout was a significant explanatory variable. The odds ratio of the burnout group was 2.80 for hypercholesterolemia with statistical significance after adjusting for age. After adjusting for age, health behaviors, and baseline total cholesterol, the results were similar. Conclusions: Burnout, which results from prolonged exposure to chronic work stress, may be associated with risk factors for arteriosclerotic disease.
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