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| 1.
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論文
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Tamai, Ikumi
概要:
The carnitine/organic cation transporter (OCTN) family consists of three transporter isoforms, i.e. OCTN1 (SLC22A4) and
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OCTN2 (SLC22A5) in humans and animals and Octn3 (Slc22a21) in mice. These transporters are physiologically essential to maintain appropriate systemic and tissue concentrations of carnitine by regulating its membrane transport during intestinal absorption, tissue distribution and renal reabsorption. Among them, OCTN2 is a sodium-dependent, high-affinity transporter of carnitine, and a functional defect of OCTN2 due to genetic mutation causes primary systemic carnitine deficiency (SCD). Since carnitine is essential for beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids to produce ATP, OCTN2 gene mutation causes a range of symptoms, including cardiomyopathy, skeletal muscle weakness, fatty liver and male infertility. These functional consequences of Octn2 gene mutation can be seen clearly in an animal model, jvs mouse, which exhibits the SCD phenotype. In addition, although the mechanism is not clear, single nucleotide polymorphisms of OCTN1 and OCTN2 genes are associated with increased incidences of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and asthma. OCTN1 and OCTN2 accept cationic drugs as substrates and contribute to intestinal and pulmonary absorption, tissue distribution (including to tumour cells), and renal excretion of these drugs. Modulation of the transport activity of OCTN2 by externally administered drugs may cause drug-induced secondary carnitine deficiency. Octn3 transports carnitine specifically, particularly in male reproductive tissues. Thus, the OCTNs are physiologically, pathologically and pharmacologically important. Detailed characterization of these transporters will greatly improve our understanding of the pathology associated with common diseases caused by functional deficiency of OCTNs. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 2.
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論文
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Nakamura, Toshimichi ; Yoshida, Kenji ; Yabuuchi, Hikaru ; Maeda, Tomoji ; Tamai, Ikumi
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系<br />It has been reported that organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 (OCTN1) is associated with rheumato
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id arthritis and Crohn's disease. Additionally, we reported that OCTN1 is expressed in hematopoietic cells, and is associated with proliferation and differentiation of erythroid cells. However, physiological role of OCTN1 is still unclear. Ergothioneine, an anti-oxidant, was recently reported to be a good substrate of human OCTN1. However, the transport characteristics of ergothioneine in rat remains to be clarified. The present study, is to further investigate the role of rat Octn1 on transport of ergothioneine in rat Octn1 transfected cells and natively expressing cell line PC12 derived from rat adrenal pheochromocytoma. [3H]Ergothioneine uptake by rat Octn1 stably transfected HEK293 cells was saturable, sodium dependent with 1:1 stoichiometry of ergothioneine, and pH dependent. Since ergothioneine was reported to presumably play a protective role against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells, its transport in this cell line was investigated. The expression of rat Octn1 and a saturable and Na +-dependent transport of ergothioneine were observed in PC12 cells, suggesting that ergothioneine transport in this cell line may be mediated by rat Octn1. These findings suggested that rat Octn1 may act as a survival factor by taking up ergothioneine to suppress oxidative stress in this cell line. In conclusion, functional characteristics of ergothioneine transport by rat Octn1 is similar to that of human OCTN1 and it is suggested that rat Octn1 is important by transporting anti-oxidant ergothioneine in PC12 cells, though its role in vivo is to be investigated. © 2008 Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.
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| 3.
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論文
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Tsuji, Akira
概要:
金沢大学薬学部<br />金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系<br />By incorporating the transporter-mediated or receptor-mediated transport process in phy
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siologically based pharmacokinetic models, we succeeded in the quantitative prediction of plasma and tissue concentrations of β-lactam antibiotics, insulin, pentazocine, quinolone antibacterial agents, and inaperizone and digoxin. The author's research on transporter-mediated pharmacokinetics focuses on the molecular and functional characteristics of drug transporters such as oligopeptide transporter, monocarboxylic acid transporter, anion antiporter, organic anion transporters, organic cation/carnitine transporters (OCTNs), and the ATP-binding cassette transporters P-glycoprotein and MRP2. We have successfully demonstrated that these transporters play important roles in the influxes and/or effluxes of drugs in intestinal and renal epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and brain capillary endothelial cells that form the blood-brain barrier. In the systemic carnitine defficiency (SCD) phenotype mouse model, juvenile visceral steatosis (jvs) mouse, a mutation in the OCTN2 gene was found. Furthermore, several types of mutation in human SCD patients were found, demonstrating that OCTN2 is a physiologically important carnitine transporter. Interestingly, OCTNs transport carnitine in a sodium-dependent manner and various cationic drugs transport it in a sodium-independent manner. OCTNs are thought to be multifunctional transporters for the uptake of carnitine into tissue cells and for the elimination of intracellular organic cationic drugs. © 2002 The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.
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| 4.
論文 |
論文
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辻, 彰 ; Tsuji, Akira
概要:
本研究では、薬物や生理的物質の体内動態に関わるトランスポーターの同定・機能解析を目的とした。得られた第一の成果は、新規に遺伝子クローニングに成功したOCTNトランスポーターファミリーの薬物ならびに生理的基質としてのカルニチン輸送解析である。
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本研究では、特にヒト及びマウスOCTN2の遺伝子クローニングを行い、その組織分布性や機能特性から生理的役割として脂肪酸代謝に重要なカルニチントランスポーターであることを実証した。すなわち、カルニチン欠乏症状を示すjvsマウスならびに臨床医の協力を得て得られた患者におけるOCTN2遺伝子解析によって、OCTN2遺伝子変異が直接的にカルニチン欠乏症と関連していることを示すことに成功した。さらに、OCTNはカルニチンとともに有機カチオンも輸送することが示された。しかも、カルニチンはナトリウムイオン依存的に、有機カチオン輸送はナトリウムイオン非依存的に輸送する多機能的トランスポーターであることが示された。本研究成果は、全身性カルニチン欠乏症の原因遺伝子の同定という、生理的・医学的に極めて意義のある研究成果となった。特にカルニチン欠乏症は小児においては致死的あるため、その遺伝子診断など臨床的に極めて有用な情報を提供する基礎研究成果となった。その他には、血液脳関門で働くモノカルボン酸トランスポーターMCT1の機能発現の実証、元来リン酸トランスポーターとしてクローニングされたNpt1がアニオン性薬物を輸送しその腎・肝排泄に関わること、キノロン系抗菌薬の臓器移行・排泄にはMRP2やP-糖蛋白質を含む複数のトランスポーターが関与していること等の結果が得られた。これら薬物輸送に働くトランスポーターの同定、機能解析、発現部位の同定、および薬物速度論的なトランスポーターの役割の解析研究は、トランスポーターを利用した薬物動態制御法の可能性を強く示すものである。<br />Various transporters that mediate membrane transport of drugs as well as physiological compounds were clarified by molecular cloning of the genes and their functional analysis by gene expression systems. The obtained results are as follows :1. Novel transporter family OCTNs were molecularly cloned and their transport functions were analyzed by transfection of the gene to HEK293 cells. Human and mouse OCTN2 transported physiologically important carnitine in a sodium dependent manner. JVS mice that show systemic carnitine deficiency(SCD) syndrome had a mutation in OCTN2 gene with loss of carnitine transport function. Furthermore, various mutations in OCTN2 gene were identified in patients who show the SCD syndrome. From these results, it was clarified that OCTN2 is a physiologically important camitine transporter and its mutation leads to the SCD. Interestingly, OCTN2 and its isoform OCTN1 transported organic cations in a sodium independent manner. Accordingly, OCTNs are unique transporters which have are multifunctionality by transporting carnitine and organic cations in the distinct mechanisms.2. Molecular characterization of the transporter for monocarboxylic acids at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was performed. Monocarboxylic acid transporter MCT-1 gene was expressed at the BBB and was found to play important role in the transport of organic weak acids by the in vitro cultured cells and in vivo studies.3. Multiple efflux mechanisms for new quinolone antibacterial agent were found to be expressed at the BBB. They are P-glycoprotein and unknown transporters sensitive to anionic compounds. These multiple efflux transporters seem to restrict the brain distribution of quinolones and other drugs, resulting in a low distribution into the central nervous system.These lines of studies provide new insight of the siginificance of membrane transporters and new strategy to control disposition of drugs by focusing on the transporters function present in various tissues.<br />研究課題/領域番号:10470510, 研究期間(年度):1998-1999<br />出典：「薬物のトランスポーター介在輸送に基づいた臓器移行性の制御」研究成果報告書 課題番号10470510 (KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）) 本文データは著者版報告書より作成
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| 5.
論文 |
論文
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玉井, 郁己 ; Tamai, Ikumi
概要:
金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科<br />本研究では、薬物や生理的物質の体内動態に関わるトランスポーターの同定・機能解析を目的とした。得られた第一の成果は、新規に遺伝子クローニングに成功したOCTNトランスポーターファミリーの薬物ならびに生理
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的基質としてのカルニチン輸送解析である。本研究では、特にヒト及びマウスOCTN2の遺伝子クローニングを行い、その組織分布性や機能特性から生理的役割として脂肪酸代謝に重要なカルニチントランスポーターであることを実証した。すなわち、カルニチン欠乏症状を示すjvsマウスならびに臨床医の協力を得て得られた患者におけるOCTN2遺伝子解析によって、OCTN2遺伝子変異が直接的にカルニチン欠乏症と関連していることを示すことに成功した。さらに、OCTNはカルニチンとともに有機カチオンも輸送することが示された。しかも、カルニチンはナトリウムイオン依存的に、有機カチオン輸送はナトリウムイオン非依存的に輸送する多機能的トランスポーターであることが示された。本研究成果は、全身性カルニチン欠乏症の原因遺伝子の同定という、生理的・医学的に極めて意義のある研究成果となった。特にカルニチン欠乏症は小児においては致死的あるため、その遺伝子診断など臨床的に極めて有用な情報を提供する基礎研究成果となった。その他には、血液脳関門で働くモノカルボン酸トランスポーターMCT1の機能発現の実証、元来リン酸トランスポーターとしてクローニングされたNpt1がアニオン性薬物を輸送しその腎・肝排泄に関わること、キノロン系抗菌薬の臓器移行・排泄にはMRP2やP-糖蛋白質を含む複数のトランスポーターが関与していること等の結果が得られた。これら薬物輸送に働くトランスポーターの同定、機能解析、発現部位の同定、および薬物速度論的なトランスポーターの役割の解析研究は、トランスポーターを利用した薬物動態制御法の可能性を強く示すものである。<br />Various transporters that mediate membrane transport of drugs as well as physiological compounds were clarified by molecular cloning of the genes and their functional analysis by gene expression systems. The obtained results are as follows :1. Novel transporter family OCTNs were molecularly cloned and their transport functions were analyzed by transfection of the gene to HEK293 cells. Human and mouse OCTN2 transported physiologically important carnitine in a sodium dependent manner. JVS mice that show systemic carnitine deficiency(SCD) syndrome had a mutation in OCTN2 gene with loss of carnitine transport function. Furthermore, various mutations in OCTN2 gene were identified in patients who show the SCD syndrome. From these results, it was clarified that OCTN2 is a physiologically important camitine transporter and its mutation leads to the SCD. Interestingly, OCTN2 and its isoform OCTN1 transported organic cations in a sodium independent manner. Accordingly, OCTNs are unique transporters which have are multifunctionality by transporting carnitine and organic cations in the distinct mechanisms.2. Molecular characterization of the transporter for monocarboxylic acids at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was performed. Monocarboxylic acid transporter MCT-1 gene was expressed at the BBB and was found to play important role in the transport of organic weak acids by the in vitro cultured cells and in vivo studies.3. Multiple efflux mechanisms for new quinolone antibacterial agent were found to be expressed at the BBB. They are P-glycoprotein and unknown transporters sensitive to anionic compounds. These multiple efflux transporters seem to restrict the brain distribution of quinolones and other drugs, resulting in a low distribution into the central nervous system.These lines of studies provide new insight of the siginificance of membrane transporters and new strategy to control disposition of drugs by focusing on the transporters function present in various tissues.<br />研究課題/領域番号:10470510, 研究期間(年度):1997-1998<br />出典：「薬物のトランスポーター介在輸送に基づいた臓器移行性の制御」研究成果報告書 課題番号10470510 (KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）) 本文データは著者版報告書より作成
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| 6.
論文 |
論文
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辻, 彰 ; Tsuji, Akira
概要:
金沢大学薬学部<br />本研究では、薬物や生理的物質の体内動態に関わるトランスポーターの同定・機能解析を目的とした。得られた第一の成果は、新規に遺伝子クローニングに成功したOCTNトランスポーターファミリーの薬物ならびに生理的基質としての
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カルニチン輸送解析である。本研究では、特にヒト及びマウスOCTN2の遺伝子クローニングを行い、その組織分布性や機能特性から生理的役割として脂肪酸代謝に重要なカルニチントランスポーターであることを実証した。すなわち、カルニチン欠乏症状を示すjvsマウスならびに臨床医の協力を得て得られた患者におけるOCTN2遺伝子解析によって、OCTN2遺伝子変異が直接的にカルニチン欠乏症と関連していることを示すことに成功した。さらに、OCTNはカルニチンとともに有機カチオンも輸送することが示された。しかも、カルニチンはナトリウムイオン依存的に、有機カチオン輸送はナトリウムイオン非依存的に輸送する多機能的トランスポーターであることが示された。本研究成果は、全身性カルニチン欠乏症の原因遺伝子の同定という、生理的・医学的に極めて意義のある研究成果となった。特にカルニチン欠乏症は小児においては致死的あるため、その遺伝子診断など臨床的に極めて有用な情報を提供する基礎研究成果となった。その他には、血液脳関門で働くモノカルボン酸トランスポーターMCT1の機能発現の実証、元来リン酸トランスポーターとしてクローニングされたNpt1がアニオン性薬物を輸送しその腎・肝排泄に関わること、キノロン系抗菌薬の臓器移行・排泄にはMRP2やP-糖蛋白質を含む複数のトランスポーターが関与していること等の結果が得られた。これら薬物輸送に働くトランスポーターの同定、機能解析、発現部位の同定、および薬物速度論的なトランスポーターの役割の解析研究は、トランスポーターを利用した薬物動態制御法の可能性を強く示すものである。<br />Various transporters that mediate membrane transport of drugs as well as physiological compounds were clarified by molecular cloning of the genes and their functional analysis by gene expression systems. The obtained results are as follows :1. Novel transporter family OCTNs were molecularly cloned and their transport functions were analyzed by transfection of the gene to HEK293 cells. Human and mouse OCTN2 transported physiologically important carnitine in a sodium dependent manner. JVS mice that show systemic carnitine deficiency(SCD) syndrome had a mutation in OCTN2 gene with loss of carnitine transport function. Furthermore, various mutations in OCTN2 gene were identified in patients who show the SCD syndrome. From these results, it was clarified that OCTN2 is a physiologically important camitine transporter and its mutation leads to the SCD. Interestingly, OCTN2 and its isoform OCTN1 transported organic cations in a sodium independent manner. Accordingly, OCTNs are unique transporters which have are multifunctionality by transporting carnitine and organic cations in the distinct mechanisms.2. Molecular characterization of the transporter for monocarboxylic acids at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was performed. Monocarboxylic acid transporter MCT-1 gene was expressed at the BBB and was found to play important role in the transport of organic weak acids by the in vitro cultured cells and in vivo studies.3. Multiple efflux mechanisms for new quinolone antibacterial agent were found to be expressed at the BBB. They are P-glycoprotein and unknown transporters sensitive to anionic compounds. These multiple efflux transporters seem to restrict the brain distribution of quinolones and other drugs, resulting in a low distribution into the central nervous system.These lines of studies provide new insight of the siginificance of membrane transporters and new strategy to control disposition of drugs by focusing on the transporters function present in various tissues.<br />研究課題/領域番号:10470510, 研究期間(年度):1998 – 1999<br />出典：「薬物のトランスポーター介在輸送に基づいた臓器移行性の制御」研究成果報告書 課題番号10470510（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10470510/104705101999kenkyu_seika_hokoku_gaiyo/）を加工して作成
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