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Nakanishi, Chiaki ; Nagaya, Noritoshi ; Ohnishi, Shunsuke ; Yamahara, Kenichi ; Takabatake, Shu ; Konno, Tetsuo ; Hayashi, Kenshi ; Kawashiri, Masa-aki ; Tsubokawa, Toshinari ; Yamagishi, Masakazu ; 中西, 千明 ; 今野, 哲雄 ; 林, 研至 ; 川尻, 剛照 ; 山岸, 正和
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent and reside in bone marrow (BM), adipose tis
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sue and many other tissues. However, the molecular foundations underlying the differences in proliferation, differentiation potential and paracrine effects between adipose tissue-derived MSC (ASC) and BM-derived MSC (BM-MSC) are not well-known. Therefore, we investigated differences in the gene and secretory protein expressions of the 2 types of MSC. Methods and Results: ASC and BM-MSC were obtained from subcutaneous adipose tissue and BM of adult Lewis rats. ASC proliferated as rapidly as BM-MSC, and had expanded 200-fold in approximately 2 weeks. On microarray analysis of 31,099 genes, 571 (1.8%) were more highly (>3-fold) expressed in ASC, and a number of these genes were associated with mitosis and immune response. On the other hand, 571 genes (1.8%) were more highly expressed in BM-MSC, and some of these genes were associated with organ development and morphogenesis. In secretory protein analysis, ASC secreted significantly larger amounts of growth factor and inflammatory cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and interleukin 6, whereas BM-MSC secreted significantly larger amounts of stromal-derived factor-1α. Conclusions: There are significant differences between ASC and BM-MSC in the cytokine secretome, which may provide clues to the molecule mechanisms associated with tissue regeneration and alternative cell sources.<br />出版者照会後に全文公開
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| 2.
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Inoshita, Masatoshi ; Numata, Shusuke ; Tajima, Atsushi ; Kinoshita, Makoto ; Umehara, Hidehiro ; Yamamori, Hidenaga ; Hashimoto, Ryota ; Imoto, Issei ; Ohmori, Tetsuro
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Background: DNA methylation, which is most frequently the transference of a methyl group to the 5-carbon position of the
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cytosine in a CpG dinucleotide, plays an important role in both normal development and diseases. To date, several genome-wide methylome studies have revealed sex-biased DNA methylation, yet no studies have investigated sex differences in DNA methylation by taking into account cellular heterogeneity. The aim of the present study was to investigate sex-biased DNA methylation on the autosomes in human blood by adjusting for estimated cellular proportions because cell-type proportions may vary by sex. Methods: We performed a genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of the peripheral leukocytes in two sets of samples, a discovery set (49 males and 44 females) and a replication set (14 males and 10 females) using Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips for 485,764 CpG dinucleotides and then examined the effect of sex on DNA methylation with a multiple linear regression analysis after adjusting for age, the estimated 6 cell-type proportions, and the covariates identified in a surrogate variable analysis. Results: We identified differential DNA methylation between males and females at 292 autosomal CpG site loci in the discovery set (Bonferroni-adjusted p < 0.05). Of these 292 CpG sites, significant sex differences were also observed at 98 sites in the replication set (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings provided further evidence that DNA methylation may play a role in the differentiation or maintenance of sexual dimorphisms. Our methylome mapping of the effects of sex may be useful to understanding the molecular mechanism involved in both normal development and diseases. © 2015 Inoshita et al.
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Roy, Anuradha ; Shimizu, Sakiko ; Kiya, Taketoshi ; Mita, Kazuei ; Iwami, Masafumi
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The insect brain secretes prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), which stimulates the prothoracic gland to synthesize ecdyso
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ne. The active metabolite of ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), works through ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP) to initiate molting and metamorphosis by regulating downstream genes. Previously, we found that EcR was expressed in the PTTH-producing neurosecretory cells (PTPCs) in larval brain of the silkworm Bombyx mori, suggesting that PTPCs function as the master cells of development under the regulation of 20E. To gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the 20E control of PTPCs, we performed a comprehensive screening of genes induced by 20E using DNA microarray with brains of day-2 fifth instar silkworm larvae. Forty-one genes showed greater than twofold changes caused by artificial application of 20E. A subsequent semiquantitative screening identified ten genes upregulated by 20E, four of which were novel or not previously identified as 20E-response genes. Developmental profiling determined that two genes, UP4 and UP5, were correlated with the endogenous ecdysteroid titer. Whole-mount in situ hybridization showed exclusive expression of these two genes in two pairs of cells in the larval brain in response to 20E-induction, suggesting that the cells are PTPCs. BLAST searches revealed that UP4 and UP5 are Bombyx homologs of vrille and tarsal-less, respectively. The present study identifies 20E-induced genes that may be involved in the ecdysone signal hierarchies underlying pupal-adult development and/or the 20E regulation of PTPCs. © 2012 Zoological Society of Japan.<br />発行後1年より全文公開
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Sogabe, Yusuke ; Nakamura, Haruna ; Nakagawa, Tomoyuki ; Hasegawa, Satoko ; Asano, Tomoya ; Ohta, Hiroyuki ; Yamaguchi, Kazuo ; Mueller, Martin J. ; Kodama, Hiroaki ; Nishiuchi, Takumi
概要:
It is known that wounding systemically activates the expression of various defense-related genes in plants. However, mos
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t studies of wound-induced systemic response are concerned with a leaf-toleaf response. We have recently reported that the long distance signaling was also observed in the shoots of Arabidopsis seedling with wounded roots. We identified early and late root-to-shoot responsive (RtS) genes that were upregulated in the shoots of root-wounded seedlings at 30 min and 6 h post-injury, respectively. It is likely that the primary signals were rapidly transfered from injured roots to shoots, and then these signals were converted into chemical signals. In fact, increase of JA and OPDA content activated the expression of early and late RtS genes in shoots, respectively. In addition, we visualized wound-induced root-to-shoot response by using RtS promoter- luciferase (Luc) transgenic plants. Analysis of the AtERF13 promoter::Luc transgenic plants clearly shows that the wound-induced root-to-shoot signaling was rapidly activated via the vascular systems. © 2011 Landes Bioscience.
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| 5.
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篁, 俊成 ; Takamura, Toshinari
概要:
本研究では、2型糖尿病患者の肝臓で発現変動する遺伝子および代謝パスウェイを抽出し、それらの病態生理学的意義を遺伝子発現-臨床連関から明らかにするとともに,代謝パスウェイの協調的発現制御機構解明を試みた。1)2型糖尿病患者および健常者の肝に発
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現する遺伝子のSAGE解析およびDNAチップ解析:糖尿病肝および正常肝の間で差異のある遺伝子と代謝パスウェイを抽出した。2)病態形成分泌タンパク候補遺伝子の抽出:SAGEおよびDNAチップ解析で抽出した機能未解明の分泌蛋白コード遺伝子のうち、BMI、インスリン抵抗性、血糖コントロールなどの病態と発現量が関連している遺伝子を同定し、特許出願した(出願番号2005-125689)。3)代謝パスウェイの抽出:2型糖尿病の肝臓ではミトコンドリア酸化的リン酸化に関与するOXPHOS遺伝子が協調的に発現亢進していることを明らかにした。4)肝臓におけるOXPHOS遺伝子群の病態生理学的意義の解明:OXPHOS遺伝子群各遺伝子の標準化スコア平均値をOXPHOS mean centroid として算出し,2型糖尿病の病態との関連を検索した.その結果OXPHOS mean centroidは空腹時血糖値およびインスリン抵抗性指数と相関した。5)肝臓におけるOXPHOS遺伝子群の協調的発現を制御する病態・因子:肝発現遺伝子相互の関連を解析したところ、OXPHOS mean centroidは糖新生関連遺伝子群、活性酸素産生系およびredox系遺伝子群と有意に正相関した。したがって、糖尿病患者の肝臓では、糖代謝・脂質代謝の結果生じる基質の過剰供給によりOXPHOSおよび活性酸素産生系遺伝子群が発現亢進し、酸化ストレスが生じて肝臓におけるインスリン抵抗性がもたらされる可能性がある。さらに、転写因子・転写補助因子の中でも、PPARG,ESRRA,NCOA1,THRA,NCOA2などのエネルギー代謝に関わる遺伝子と正相関した。これらの中に、肝と骨格筋における組織特異的OXPHOS遺伝子発現を制御する因子が存在する可能性がある。<br />Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Genes for OXPHOS have been reported to be down-regulated in the skeletal muscle from patients with type 2 diabetes; however, hepatic regulation is unknown.In the present study, I analyzed gene expression for OXPHOS from the livers of 14 patients with type 2 diabetes and 14 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and DNA chip analysis. I evaluated the correlation between gene expression levels for OXPHOS and clinical parameters of individuals with type 2 diabetes and NGT.Both gene analyses showed that genes for OXPHOS were significantly up-regulated in the type 2 diabetic liver.In the SAGE analysis, tag count comparisons of mitochondrial transcripts showed that rRNAs were 3.5-fold over-expressed, and mRNAs were 1.2-fold over-expressed in the type 2 diabetes library. DNA chip analysis revealed that gene expression for OXPHOS, which correlated with several nuclear factors, including estrogen-related receptor-a (ERR-α) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y (PPAR-y), was a predictor of fasting plasma glucose levels, independent of age, body mass index, insulin resistance, and fasting insulin levels (P=0.04). Surprisingly, genes for OXPHOS did not correlate with either peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-la (PGC-1α) or nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1).These results indicate that up-regulated genes for OXPHOS in the liver, which are regulated by different mechanisms from genes in the skeletal muscle, are associated with fasting hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.<br />研究課題/領域番号:17590920, 研究期間(年度):2005-2006<br />出典：「2型糖尿病患者の肝臓における酸化的リン酸化を制御するマスター遺伝子の同定」研究成果報告書 課題番号17590920 (KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）) 本文データは著者版報告書より作成
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