※一部利用できない機能があります
| 1.
図書 |
図書
|
edited by Volker Gurtler, Jack T. Trevors
|
||||||
| 2.
図書 |
図書
|
S.I. Kuznetsov, editor
|
||||||
| 3.
論文 |
論文
|
Mitsuno, Masumi ; Tazaki, Kazue ; Fyfe, W. S. ; Powell, Michael A. ; Hart, Brian ; Daishng, Sun ; Li, Sheng-Rong
概要:
出版者照会後に全文公開<br />Natural cultivation experiments using coal ash, reservoir sediments and Yellow River sediments were car
…
ried out to determine the applicability of using these wastes to remediate desertificated soil in Inner Mongolia, China. In the experiments, the microorganisms multiplied more when coal ash was applied to the desertificated soil. Under optical microscope, abundant bacteria were observed in porous surfaces and inside of coal ash particles thereby indicating that the addition of coal ash to desertificated soil hastens the breeding of bacteria, improves soil quality and could be used in afforestation practices. The effects of ash on soil can be explained in two ways: first, in terms of its chemical characteristics (the coal ash contains C, N, P and K); and second, in terms of its micromorphology (it is porous). In natural cultivation experiments, the mixing of reservoir sediments and/orYellow River sediments with the coal ash helped multiply bacteria. These experiments suggest that coal ash and reservoir sediments can be utilized to help solve some of the most serious environmental issues facing China today.
続きを見る
|
||||||
| 4.
論文 |
論文
|
田崎, 和江 ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
The weathering process has generally been considered from only a chemical/physical point of view, however recent observa
…
tions of bacteria in weathered rocks have, led to questions about the importance of microbial activity. In order to examine this, an outdoor natural experiment has been performed in which an andesite rocky hill was immersed in running ground water at outside temperature for one year. The ground water is harvested from a depth of 150m for the establishment of the systems. The system was constructed in Kakuma Campus, Kanazawa University on April 2007, having the foot baths heated at 37℃ with disinfectant and the rocky hill with running natural ground water without any chemical and heating treatments. After 3 months of incubation in the footbath, biomineralization of carbonate minerals (calcite and aragonite) by Cyanobacteria was found. On the other hand, after one year, clay minerals (Smectite) and zeolite (Heulandite and Clinoptilolite) were found in only the rocky hill under natural conditions. Various kinds of microorganisms, such as Cyanobacteria, diatoms and bacteria accelerated weathering reactions of andesite (Tomuro-ishi) for building materials eroded on the surface, and to produce secondary minerals of bio-clays and zeolites. The microorganisms carry an important role to change water quality within such a short period. Large crystals of zeolite and fine thin films of smectite attached to the microorganisms with cohesion organics to form green microbial mats on the surface of the andesite rocky hill, showing accumulation of elements such as Al and Si which could have been derived by dissolution of the rocks associated with running water. These data collectively demonstrate the microbial formation of smectite and zeolite of bio-clays, where the reaction rates may be substantially enhanced by the presence of microorganisms. Bacteria and diatom activity may hence have a great influence on the clay mineral developments commonly observed in naturally weathered rocks. The mechanism of bio-clays formation has important implications for water-rock interactions both in natural environments and in polluted areas. The footbath facilities will be made available for use not only in research, but also for the advancement of education while contributing to the local community.
続きを見る
|
||||||
| 5.
論文 |
論文
|
Tazaki, Kazue ; Shimojima, Yasuhiro ; Takehara, Teruaki ; Nakano, Mikio
概要:
Coastal areas in Minami-soma City, Fukushima, Japan, were seriously damaged by radioactive contamination from the Fukush
…
ima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident that caused multiple pollution by tsunami and radionuclide exposure, after the Great East Japan Earthquake, on 11 March 2011. Some areas will remain no-go zones because radiation levels remain high. In Minami-soma, only 26 percent of decontamination work had been finished by the end of July in 2015. Here, we report the characterization of microbial mats and salt found on flooded paddy fields at Karasuzaki, Minami-soma City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan which have been heavily contaminated by radionuclides, especially by Cs (134Cs, 137Cs), 40K, Sr (89Sr, 90Sr), and91 or 95Zr even though it is more than 30 km north of the FDNPP. We document the mineralogy, the chemistry, and the micro-morphology, using a combination of micro techniques. The microbial mats were found to consist of diatoms with mineralized halite and gypsum by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particular elements concentrated in microbial mats were detected using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The objective of this contribution is to illustrate the ability of various diatoms associated with minerals and microorganisms which are capable of absorbing both radionuclides and stable isotopes from polluted paddy soils in extreme conditions. Ge semiconductor analysis of the microbial mats detected 134Cs, 137Cs, and 40K without 131I in 2012 and in 2013. Quantitative analysis associated with the elemental content maps by SEM-EDS indicated the possibility of absorption of radionuclide and stable isotope elements from polluted paddy soils in Fukushima Prefecture. In addition, radionuclides were detected in solar salts made of contaminated sea water collected from the Karasuzaki ocean bath, Minami-soma, Fukushima in 2015, showing high Zr content associated with 137Cs and 40K without 131I. The results obtained here provide evidence of the ability of microorganisms to grow in this salty contaminated environment and to immobilize radionuclides. It is possible that the capability of radioactive immobilization can be used to counteract the disastrous effects of radionuclide-polluted paddy soils. © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
続きを見る
|
