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| 1.
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浅野, 雄哉 ; 石丸, 和宏 ; 多久和, 陽 ; Asano, Yuya ; Ishimaru, Kazuhiro ; Takuwa, Yoh
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修士課程優秀論文
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Zhao, Juanjuan ; Okamoto, Yasuo ; Asano, Yuya ; Ishimaru, Kazuhiro ; Aki, Sho ; Yoshioka, Kazuaki ; Takuwa, Noriko ; Wada, Takashi ; Inagaki, Yutaka ; Takahashi, Chiaki ; Nishiuchi, Takumi ; Takuwa, Yoh ; 安藝, 翔 ; 吉岡, 和晃 ; 多久和, 典子 ; 和田, 隆志 ; 髙橋, 智聡 ; 西内, 巧 ; 多久和, 陽
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease with poor prognosis. The pathogenic role of t
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he lysophospholipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate and its receptor S1PR2 in lung fibrosis is unknown. We show here that genetic deletion of S1pr2 strikingly attenuated lung fibrosis induced by repeated injections of bleomycin in mice. We observed by using S1pr2 LacZ/+ mice that S1PR2 was expressed in alveolar macrophages, vascular endothelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells in the lung and that S1PR2-expressing cells accumulated in the fibrotic legions. Bone marrow chimera experiments suggested that S1PR2 in bone marrow–derived cells contributes to the development of lung fibrosis. Depletion of macrophages greatly attenuated lung fibrosis. Bleomycin administration stimulated the mRNA expression of the profibrotic cytokines IL-13 and IL-4 and the M2 markers including arginase 1, Fizz1/Retnla, Ccl17 and Ccl24 in cells collected from broncho-alveolar lavage fluids (BALF), and S1pr2 deletion markedly diminished the stimulated expression of these genes. BALF cells from bleomycin–administered wild-type mice showed a marked increase in phosphorylation of STAT6, a transcription factor which is activated downstream of IL-13, compared with saline–administered wild-type mice. Interestingly, in bleomycin–adminis-tered S1pr2 -/- mice, STAT6 phosphorylation in BALF cells was substantially diminished compared with wild-type mice. Finally, pharmacological S1PR2 blockade in S1pr2 +/+ mice alleviated bleomycin–induced lung fibrosis. Thus, S1PR2 facilitates lung fibrosis through the mechanisms involving augmentation of IL-13 expression and its signaling in BALF cells, and represents a novel target for treating lung fibrosis. © 2018 Zhao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Pham, Hoa Q. ; Yoshioka, Kazuaki ; Mohri, Hiromi ; Nakata, Hiroki ; Aki, Sho ; Ishimaru, Kazuhiro ; Takuwa, Noriko ; Takuwa, Yoh ; 吉岡, 和晃 ; 仲田, 浩規 ; 安藝, 翔 ; 多久和, 典子 ; 多久和, 陽
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P) is the predominant phosphoinositide species in early endos
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omes and autophagosomes, in which PI(3)P dictates traffic of these organelles. Phosphoinositide levels are tightly regulated by lipid-kinases and -phosphatases; however, a phosphatase that converts PI(3)P back to phosphatidylinositol in the endosomal and autophagosomal compartments is not fully understood. We investigated the subcellular distribution and functions of myotubularin-related protein-4 (MTMR4), which is distinct among other MTMRs in that it possesses a PI(3)P-binding FYVE domain, in lung alveolar epithelium-derived A549 cells. MTMR4 was localized mainly in late endosomes and autophagosomes. MTMR4 knockdown markedly suppressed the motility, fusion, and fission of PI(3)P-enriched structures, resulting in decreases in late endosomes, autophagosomes, and lysosomes, and enlargement of PI(3)P-enriched early and late endosomes. In amino acid- and serum-starved cells, MTMR4 knockdown decreased both autophagosomes and autolysosomes and markedly increased PI(3)P-containing autophagosomes and late endosomes, suggesting that the fusion with lysosomes of autophagosomes and late endosomes might be impaired. Notably, MTMR4 knockdown inhibited the nuclear translocation of starvation stress responsive transcription factor-EB (TFEB) with reduced expression of lysosome-related genes in starved cells. These findings indicate that MTMR4 is essential for the integrity of endocytic and autophagic pathways. © 2018 Molecular Biology Society of Japan and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.<br />Embargo Period 12 months
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| 4.
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Aung, Khin Thuzar ; Yoshioka, Kazuaki ; Aki, Sho ; Ishimaru, Kazuhiro ; Takuwa, Noriko ; Takuwa, Yoh ; 吉岡, 和晃 ; 安藝, 翔 ; 多久和, 典子 ; 多久和, 陽
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Pinocytosis is an important fundamental cellular process that is used by the cell to transport fluid
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and solutes. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate a diverse array of dynamic membrane events. However, it is not well-understood which PI3K isoforms are involved in specific mechanisms of pinocytosis. We performed knockdown studies of endogenous PI3K isoforms and clathrin heavy chain (CHC) mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA). The results demonstrated that the class II PI3K PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β, but not the class I or III PI3K, were required for pinocytosis, based on an evaluation of fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC)–dextran uptake in endothelial cells. Pinocytosis was partially dependent on both clathrin and dynamin, and both PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β were required for clathrin-mediated—but not clathrin-non-mediated—FITC-dextran uptake at the step leading up to its delivery to early endosomes. Both PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β were co-localized with clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. However, PI3K-C2β, but not PI3K-C2α, was highly co-localized with actin filament-associated clathrin-coated structures and required for actin filament formation at the clathrin-coated structures. These results indicate that PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β play differential, indispensable roles in clathrin-mediated pinocytosis. © 2018, The Physiological Society of Japan and Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature.<br />Embargo Period 12 months
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論文
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Sarker, Md Azadul Kabir ; Aki, Sho ; Yoshioka, Kazuaki ; Kuno, Kouji ; Okamoto, Yasuo ; Ishimaru, Kazuhiro ; Takuwa, Noriko ; Takuwa, Yoh ; 安藝, 翔 ; 吉岡, 和晃 ; 多久和, 典子 ; 多久和, 陽
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />Class II phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β, are highly homologous and distin
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ct from class I and class III PI3Ks in catalytic products and domain structures. In contrast to class I and class III PI3Ks, physiological roles of PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β are not fully understood. Because we previously demonstrated that PI3K-C2α is involved in vascular smooth muscle contraction, we studied the phenotypes of smooth muscle-specific knockout (KO) mice of PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β. The pup numbers born from single PI3K-C2α-KO and single PI3K-C2β-KO mothers were similar to those of control mothers, but those from double KO (DKO) mothers were smaller compared with control mice. However, the number of intrauterine fetuses in pregnant DKO mothers was similar to that in control mice. Both spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contraction of isolated uterine smooth muscle (USM) strips was diminished in DKO mice but not in either of the single KO mice, compared with control mice. Furthermore, contraction of USM of DKO mice was less sensitive to a Rho kinase inhibitor. Mechanistically, the extent of oxytocin-induced myosin light chain phosphorylation was greatly reduced in USM from DKO mice compared with control mice. The oxytocin-induced rise in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in USM was similar in DKO and control mice. However, Rho activation in the intracellular compartment was substantially attenuated in DKO mice compared with control mice, as evaluated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging technique. These data indicate that both PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β are required for normal USM contraction and parturition mainly through their involvement in Rho activation.<br />Embargo Period 12 months
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金沢大学フロンティアサイエンス機構 ; 長谷川, 浩 ; 桑原, 貴之 ; 児玉, 昭雄 ; 徳田, 規夫 ; 田中, 康規 ; 中村, 裕之 ; 井上, 啓 ; 堀, 修 ; 平尾, 敦 ; 横井, 毅 ; 土屋, 弘行 ; 宮地, 利明 ; 多久和, 陽 ; 白土, 明子 ; Hasegawa, Hiroshi ; Kuwabara, Takayuki ; Kodama, Akio ; Tokuda, Norio ; Tanaka, Yasunori ; Nakamura, Hiroyuki ; Inoue, Hiroshi ; Hori, Osamu ; Hirao, Atsushi ; Yokoi, Tsuyoshi ; Tsuchiya, Hiroyuki ; Miyachi, Toshiaki ; Takuwa, Yoh ; Shiratsuchi, Akiko
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多久和, 陽 ; Takuwa, Yoh
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系
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多久和, 陽 ; Takuwa, Yoh
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />申請者はこれまでにグリコール酸―乳酸共重合体（PLGA）に封入したS1P徐放製剤（PLGA-S1P）を開発している。リポポリサッカライドLPS誘発肺血管関門破綻マウスモデルにおいて、PLGA-S1Pの
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経気道投与の効果を検討した。LPSを気道内に投与すると、血漿の血管外漏出が起こり肺胞中のタンパク濃度と白血球数が増加した。LPSと同時にPLGA-S1Pを気道投与すると、肺胞中の白血球とタンパク濃度の増加は抑制された。エバンスブルー静脈内投与法により肺毛細血管透過性を検討したところ、PLGA-S1PはLPS投与による透過性亢進を抑制した。薬剤性肺障害では、急性期に肺血管透過性が亢進する。薬物を腹腔内に反復投与（２回/週）すると５日目には肺血管透過性が亢進した。S1PはGタンパク質共役型特異的受容体サブファミリーを介して作用する。S1P受容体サブファミリーの一つのサブタイプのノックアウト(KO) マウスでは、薬物投与による肺血管透過性亢進が亢進した。血管透過性亢進にともない、肺では炎症が生じて組織構築の変化が生ずる。組織構築の変化に関与するどの細胞に発現する受容体が重要であるかを検討し、結論を得た。<br />研究課題/領域番号:25116711, 研究期間(年度):2013-04-01 – 2015-03-31
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| 9.
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多久和, 陽 ; Takuwa, Yoh
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金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />本年度は、以下の研究に取り組んだ。S1P1は血管内皮細胞のアドヘーレンスジャンクション（AJ）強化作用により、血管透過性を抑制する。一方、S1P2の血管透過性制御における機能は不明の点が多い。そこで、
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S1P2-/-マウスを用いた抗原感作やPAF投与によるアナフィラキシーモデルにおいて、肺血管透過性を評価した。また、S1P2-/-マウスから肺毛細血管内皮細胞を単離・単層培養し、AJ構築と接着分子VE-カドヘリン分子細胞内領域会合シグナル分子の集合と活性化を、免疫染色、免疫沈降・ウエスタン法、プルダウン法などにより解析した。S1P2の作用機構については、Akt-eNOS経路を中心に解析した。以下の結果が得られた。アナフィラキシーによる肺血管透過性亢進病態において、S1P2-/-マウスでは野生化マウスに比較して、エバンスブルー法・組織像解析による肺血管透過性亢進、その結果の血液濃縮（ヘマットクリット測定）、血圧低下、体温低下のいずれの応答も増強していた。その結果、S1P2-/-マウスの生存は野生化マウスに比較して低下した。さらに、これらの現象の機構を検討した。S1P2-/-マウスでは野生化マウスに比較して、NO産生が亢進していた。S1P2-/-マウスから単離した内皮細胞において、PAF刺激によるAJ結合崩壊は、S1P2-/-マウス内皮細胞においてより顕著であることを見出した。これらの結果は、従来から知られていたS1P1受容体の他に、S1P2シグナル系がAJの障壁機能障害を防御する作用を有することを示した。<br />研究課題/領域番号:23116509, 研究期間(年度):2011-04-01 – 2013-03-31
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多久和, 陽 ; Takuwa, Yoh
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />リゾリン脂質メディエータースフィンゴシンー1-リン酸S1Pは受容体ファミリーを介して細胞遊走・浸潤を正負に制御する。この中で細胞遊走・浸潤を負に制御するS1P2は生体では主として血管内皮・平滑筋、骨髄
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由来細胞に発現する。宿主細胞のS1P_2は腫瘍血管新生を抑制し、転移を抑制する。従来の報告とは異なり、腫瘍細胞および宿主におけるS1P産生酵素sphingosine kinase-1(SK1)の過剰発現は腫瘍進展に寄与しない。腫瘍・宿主のS1P2は新規な治療標的となりうる。<br />The lysophospholipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) exerts positive or negative effects on cell migration and invasion via a receptor family. Among these, the S1P receptor type 2, S1P_2, was found to be expressed in vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and bone marrow-derived cells. S1P_2 in the host cells suppresses tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth. On the contrary to previous reports, overexpression of the S1P synthesizing enzyme sphingosine kinase-1 in tumor cells or host tissues does not aggravate tumor progression. S1P_2 in tumor cells and host cells are a potential novel therapeutic target for tumors.<br />研究課題/領域番号:17014034, 研究期間(年度):2005 – 2009
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