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論文
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Al Mahmuda, Naila ; Yokoyama, Shigeru ; Huang, Jian-Jun ; Liu, Li ; Munesue, Toshio ; Nakatani, Hideo ; Hayashi, Kenshi ; Yagi, Kunimasa ; Yamagishi, Masakazu ; Higashida, Haruhiro
概要:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with complex genetic etiology. Recent studies
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have indicated that children with ASD may have altered folate or methionine metabolism, suggesting that the folate-methionine cycle may play a key role in the etiology of ASD. SLC19A1, also referred to as reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1), is a member of the solute carrier group of transporters and is one of the key enzymes in the folate metabolism pathway. Findings from multiple genomic screens suggest the presence of an autism susceptibility locus on chromosome 21q22.3, which includes SLC19A1. Therefore, we performed a case-control study in a Japanese population. In this study, DNA samples obtained from 147 ASD patients at the Kanazawa University Hospital in Japan and 150 unrelated healthy Japanese volunteers were examined by the sequence-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction method pooled with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. p < 0.05 was considered to represent a statistically significant outcome. Of 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) examined, a significant p-value was obtained for AA genotype of one SNP (rs1023159, OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.16-0.91, p = 0.0394; Fisher’s exact test). Despite some conflicting results, our findings supported a role for the polymorphism rs1023159 of the SLC19A1 gene, alone or in combination, as a risk factor for ASD. However, the findings were not consistent after multiple testing corrections. In conclusion, although our results supported a role of the SLC19A1 gene in the etiology of ASD, it was not a significant risk factor for the ASD samples analyzed in this study. © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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| 2.
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Higashida, Haruhiro ; Yokoyama, Shigeru ; Huang, Jian-Jun ; Liu, Li ; Ma, Wen-Jie ; Akther, Shirin ; Higashida, Chiharu ; Kikuchi, Mitsuru ; Minabe, Yoshio ; Munesue, Toshio
概要:
Previously, we demonstrated that CD38, a transmembrane protein with ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity, plays a critical role
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in mouse social behavior by regulating the release of oxytocin (OXT), which is essential for mutual recognition. When CD38 was disrupted, social amnesia was observed in Cd38 knockout mice. The autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), characterized by defects in reciprocal social interaction and communication, occur either sporadically or in a familial pattern. However, the etiology of ASDs remains largely unknown. Therefore, the theoretical basis for pharmacological treatments has not been established. Hence, there is a rationale for investigating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human CD38 gene in ASD subjects. We found several SNPs in this gene. The SNP rs3796863 (C > A) was associated with high-functioning autism (HFA) in American samples from the Autism Gene Resource Exchange. Although this finding was partially confirmed in low-functioning autism subjects in Israel, it has not been replicated in Japanese HFA subjects. The second SNP of interest, rs1800561 (4693C > T), leads to the substitution of an arginine (R) at codon 140 by tryptophan (W; R140W) in CD38. This mutation was found in four probands of ASD and in family members of three pedigrees with variable levels of ASD or ASD traits. The plasma levels of OXT in ASD subjects with the R140W allele were lower than those in ASD subjects lacking this allele. The OXT levels were unchanged in healthy subjects with or without this mutation. One proband with the R140W allele receiving intranasal OXT for approximately 3 years showed improvement in areas of social approach, eye contact and communication behaviors, emotion, irritability, and aggression. Five other ASD subjects with mental deficits received nasal OXT for various periods; three subjects showed improved symptoms, while two showed little or no effect. These results suggest that SNPs in CD38 may be possible risk factors for ASD by abrogating OXT function and that some ASD subjects can be treated with OXT in preliminary clinical trials. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Higashida, Haruhiro ; Yokoyama, Shigeru ; Kikuchi, Mitsuru ; Munesue, Toshio
概要:
Here, we review the functional roles of cyclic ADP-ribose and CD38, a transmembrane protein with ADP-ribosyl cyclase act
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ivity, in mouse social behavior via the regulation of oxytocin (OXT) release, an essential component of social cognition. Herein we describe data detailing the molecular mechanism of CD38-dependent OXT secretion in CD38 knockout mice. We also review studies that used OXT, OXT receptor (OXTR), or CD38 knockout mice. Additionally, we compare the behavioral impairments that occur in these knockout mice in relation to the OXT system and CD38. This review also examines autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is characterized by social and communication impairments, in relation to defects in the OXT system. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human CD38 gene are possible risk factors for ASD via inhibition of OXT function. Further analysis of CD38 in relation to the OXT system may provide a better understanding of the neuroendocrinological roles of OXT and CD38 in the hypothalamus and of the pathophysiology of ASD. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.
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| 4.
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Higashida, Haruhiro ; Yokoyama, Shigeru ; Munesue, Toshio ; Kikuchi, Mitsuru ; Minabe, Yoshio ; Lopatina, Olga
概要:
Oxytocin (OXT) in the hypothalamus is the biological basis of social recognition, trust, and bonding. We showed that CD3
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8, a leukaemia cell marker, plays an important role in the hypothalamus in the process of OXT release in adult mice. Disruption of Cd38 (Cd38-/-) produced impairment of maternal behavior and male social recognition in mice, similar to the behavior observed in Oxt and OXT receptor (Oxtr) gene knockout (Oxt-/- and Oxtr-/-, respectively) mice. Locomotor activity induced by separation from the dam was higher and the number of ultrasonic vocalization (USV) calls was lower in Cd38-/- than Cd38+/+ pups. These phenotypes seemed to be caused by the high plasma OXT levels during development from neonates to 3-week-old juvenile mice. ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity was markedly lower in the knockout mice from birth, suggesting that weaning for mice is a critical time window of differentiating plasma OXT. Contribution by breastfeeding was an important exogenous source for regulating plasma OXT before weaning by the presence of OXT in milk and the dam's mammary glands. The dissimilarity of Cd38-/- infant behaviour to Oxt-/- or Oxtr-/- mice can be explained partly by this exogenous source of OXT. These results suggest that secretion of OXT into the brain in a CD38-dependent manner may play an important role in the development of social behavior, and mice with OXT signalling deficiency, including Cd38-/-, Oxt -/- and Oxtr-/- mice are good animal models for developmental disorders, such as autism. © 2011 Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.
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Munesue, Toshio ; Yokoyama, Shigeru ; Nakamura, Kazuhiko ; Anitha, Ayyappan ; Yamada, Kazuo ; Hayashi, Kenshi ; Asaka, Tomoya ; Liu, Hong-Xiang ; Jin, Duo ; Koizumi, Keita ; Islam, Mohammad Saharul ; Huang, Jian-Jun ; Ma, Wen-Jie ; Kim, Uh-Hyun ; Kim, Sun-Jun ; Park, Keunwan ; Kim, Dongsup ; Kikuchi, Mitsuru ; Ono, Yasuki ; Nakatani, Hideo ; Suda, Shiro ; Miyachi, Taishi ; Hirai, Hirokazu ; Salmina, Alla ; Pichugina, Yu A. ; Soumarokov, Andrei A. ; Takei, Nori ; Mori, Norio ; Tsujii, Masatsugu ; Sugiyama, Toshiro ; Yagi, Kunimasa ; Yamagishi, Masakazu ; Sasaki, Tsukasa ; Yamasue, Hidenori ; Kato, Nobumasa ; Hashimoto, Ryota ; Taniike, Masako ; Hayashi, Yutaka ; Hamada, Jun-ichiro ; Suzuki, Shioto ; Ooi, Akishi ; Noda, Mami ; Kamiyama, Yuko ; Kido, Mizuho A. ; Lopatina, Olga ; Hashii, Minako ; Amina, Sarwat ; Malavasi, Fabio ; Huang, Eric J. ; Zhang, Jiasheng ; Shimizu, Nobuaki ; Yoshikawa, Takeo ; Matsushima, Akihiro ; Minabe, Yoshio ; Higashida, Haruhiro
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系<br />The neurobiological basis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains poorly understood. Given the rol
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e of CD38 in social recognition through oxytocin (OT) release, we hypothesized that CD38 may play a role in the etiology of ASD. Here, we first examined the immunohistochemical expression of CD38 in the hypothalamus of post-mortem brains of non-ASD subjects and found that CD38 was colocalized with OT in secretory neurons. In studies of the association between CD38 and autism, we analyzed 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mutations of CD38 by re-sequencing DNAs mainly from a case-control study in Japan, and Caucasian cases mainly recruited to the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE). The SNPs of CD38, rs6449197 (p< 0.040) and rs3796863 (p< 0.005) showed significant associations with a subset of ASD (IQ > 70; designated as high-functioning autism (HFA)) in the U.S. 104 AGRE family trios, but not with Japanese 188 HFA subjects. A mutation that caused tryptophan to replace arginine at amino acid residue 140 (R140W; (rs1800561, 4693C>T)) was found in 0.6-4.6% of the Japanese population and was associated with ASD in the smaller case-control study. The SNP was clustered in pedigrees in which the fathers and brothers of T-allele-carrier probands had ASD or ASD traits. In this cohort OT plasma levels were lower in subjects with the T allele than in those without. One proband with the T allele who was taking nasal OT spray showed relief of symptoms. The two variant CD38 poloymorphysms tested may be of interest with regard of the pathophysiology of ASD. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society.
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