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| 1.
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島田, 茂 ; 出村, 慎一 ; 長澤, 吉則 ; 南, 雅樹 ; 松澤, 甚三郎
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系<br />The purposes of this study were to clarify the characteristics of growth and development of physic
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al fitness with age, and to examine the influence of the difference of habitual exercise on physique and physical fitness of male students at a National College of Technology. A total of 132 males enrolled in 2001 were administered physique and physical fitness tests for three years. The 5 physique tests and 9 new physical fitness tests developed by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports Science, and Technology of Japan were used The participated students were classified into 4 groups based on the frequencies of their exercise enforcement for three years. The mean differences were examined using two-way analysis of variance of one-factor repeated measurements. Body linearity and body bulk become larger with age, but the influence of exercise enforcement frequencies on physique was low. It is considered that the continuous exercise enforcement contributes to an increase of muscular power, agility, muscle endurance, and whole-body endurance, and an effect of continuous exercise with age is marked in muscle endurance. However, the influence of the continuous exercise enforcement on improving static strength and flexibility is not high. The lack of exercise by adolescent students may produce a decline of whole-body endurance, muscle endurance, and agility in spite of the growth period.
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| 2.
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島田, 茂 ; 出村, 慎一 ; 池本, 幸雄 ; 山次, 俊介 ; 南, 雅樹 ; 長澤, 吉則
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系<br />The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between physical fitness, life styl
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e, and health-status using cross sectional data in adolescent male students. A total of 581 males aged 15 to 20 years were selected as subjects for this study. The physique tests (6 items) and new physical fitness tests developed by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports Science, and Technology of Japan (9 items) were used. To assess life style and health-status, a questionnaire consisting of 75 items was constructed. Principal component analysis was applied to the partial correlation matrix, neglecting the age-effect, consisting of 9 physical fitness variables. Cramer's association coefficient and theory of quantification I were used to examine the relationship between life style, health-status and physical fitness. Cramer's association coefficients were significant for 12 variables of exercise habit, 8 variables of meal habit, 2 variables of other life style, and 4 variables of health-status. The multiple correlation coefficient between physical fitness, life style, and health-status was moderate (0.500, p < 0.01). Partial correlation coefficients were high for variables of present exercise-frequency, exercise-frequency and picky eating during junior high school days, and television-reception hour. Exercise frequency of more than three or four days a week, taking meals, and television-reception hour might be related to the maintaining or increasing the physical fitness level in adolescent male students.
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出村, 慎一 ; 長澤, 吉則 ; 南, 雅樹 ; 松澤, 甚三郎 ; 多田, 信彦 ; 菅野, 紀昭
概要:
金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系<br />The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationships between physical fitness, life-st
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yle and health-status, and to examine the sex differences in the healthy aged living in a community. A total of 890 people aged 60 to 89 years volunteered as subjects. Eleven performance-tests were selected. To assess life-style and health-status, a questionnaire consisting of 40 items was constructed. Cramer's association coefficient was only significant for dinner meal quantity in males and was significant for exercise-habit, intakes of protein, calcium, and vitamin, sleeping hours, and with or without bone fractures and arthritis in females. Multiple correlation coefficients between physical fitness and age-grade, life-style, and health-status were significant for both sexes (males: 0.596, females: 0.556, p<0.01). Partial correlation coefficients were high for aged-grade, sleeping hours, and receiving medical treatment for males, and for aged-grade, bicycle riding, present exercise-enforcement, sleeping hours, and subjective health feeling for females. Physical fitness showed a decreasing trend with age for both sexes. We inferred that sleeping hours and not taking medical treatment for injury and/or illness in males, and enforcement of usual moderate exercise, sleeping hours and consciousness to health in females may be related to the decline of physical fitness.
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中, 比呂志 ; 出村, 慎一 ; 松沢, 甚三郎
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The purpose of this study were to investigate factorial structures of physique and physical fitness, and to determine the change of physique and physical fitness with age and its sex difference in the elderly. Nineteen test items were
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selected from 5 domains of physique, muscle function, joint function (flexibility), neuromuscular function and lung function, considering the validity, safety and convenience of tests. The subjects were 207 males and 226 females aged 65 to 89 years. Factor analysis was applied to each correlation matrixes consisting of 8 physique variables and 11 physical fitness variables. In physique domain, three extracted factors were interpreted as body fat, body linearity and body bulk. Body bulk and body linearity in both sexes and body fat in females decrease significantly with age. Body linearity was found significantly larger in males than females. Body fat was significantly greater in females. In physical fitness domain, four factors were extracted and interpreted as muscular strength, balance, agility of upper and lower limbs, and flexibility. A significant declining trend with age was found in the above-mentioned physical fitness elements both sexes. Also, significant sex differences in muscular strength, balance, and flexibility were found, and males were superior to females except for flexibility. It was inferred that the influence of aging in muscular strength and balance is greater flexibility and agility of upper and lower limbs in the elderly. Further, the decrease of muscular strength seems to facilitate the decline of balance with age.
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出村, 慎一
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The purposes of this study were to determine the developmental relationships among throw distances of 6 kind balls of various weight, size and solidity, throw form of tennis ball (TB), and accuracy of TB throw, and also to determine
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the contribution of physical fitness elements and throw form to throw distance. Total of 720 preschool-children from 2 to 6 years old were selected as the subjects, and 11 physique and physical fitness tests were administered to them. The main results can be summarized as follows: 1) The development with age and sex differences were found in all ball throw distances,throw form, and accuracy of ball throw. Little differences between throw distances of light-balls below TB (58 g) were found, but throw distance of a heavy-ball (190 g) as compared with that of light-balls was shorter. 2) Throw distance of TB developed remarkably from about 4 years and the sex difference increased gradually from about 3 years of age. Also the developmental trend of throw form was almost the same as that of throw distance.Boys' throw form with age became closer to that of adults's, but a lot of girls with immature-throw form existed even in the age over 5 years. 3) The contribution of each physical fitness element to TB throw distance differed in boys and girls. In the immature-throw group the contribution of physical fitness elements to throw distance did not show the sex difference, but there was a difference of a degree of contribution between the immature-throw and the mature-throw groups. 4) Physique and power were related significantly to TB throw distance. The latter's contribution as compared with the former's was higher, and its trend was higher in boys than in girls. The contribution of the whole physical fitness and throw form to throw distance was higher in boys than in girls, and in boys the contribution of throw form as compared with physical fitness was higher. 5) Power in the immature-throw group and power and coordination in the mature-throw group were related significantly to throw distance and the contribution of power in the mature group as compared with the immature group was higher. Further, the contribution of the whole physical fitness was higher in the mature group than in the immature group, and the contribution of throw form in the mature group was almost the same as that of he whole physical fitness.
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| 6.
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中, 比呂志 ; 出村, 慎一
概要:
The purposes of this study were to clarify the characteristics of growth and development of physique and physical fitness with age, and to determine the influence of the habitual exercise on physique and physical fitness using
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longitudinal data in adolescent male students. The physique tests (5 items) and sport tests (developed by the Ministry of Education) were administered annually in male students of freshman to senior grade enrolled in F National College of Technology in the period of 1985-1989. At the same time, the frequency of their recent exercise enforcement was examined. Students were classified into 4 groups based on the frequency of their exercise enforcement for 3 years: those doing exercise three days or more a week continuously for 3 years (HG), those doing exercise once or twice a week continuously for 3 years (MG), those doing exercise twice or less a month for 3 years (LG), those doing exercise once of more a week in the first and second grades but doing exercise twice or less a month in the third and fourth grades (IG). The longitudinal data of 384 students classified into 4 groups based on the frequency of their exercise enforcement for 3 years were used for this study. The main results can be summarized as follows: 1) Body linearity and body bulk become greater and muscular power and flexibility develop with age. But, a significant developing tendency with age for static strength is not recognized and endurance declines with age. 2) The continuous exercise enforcement seems to improve muscular power, flexibility and endurance. Further, it is inferred that the regular exercise in three days or more a week facilitates the development of muscular power and prevents from declining of endurance with age. 3) It seems that the interruption of the regular exercise habit increases fat and hinders the development of muscular power, and produced the sudden decline in endurance. 4) The continuous exercise enforcement in three days or more a week is inferred to produce balanced physical growth and development, but the lack of exercise in adolescent seems to bring on unbalanced physical growth and development such as the decline of endurance and the increase of fat.
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中, 比呂志 ; 出村, 慎一
概要:
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of factors such as sports consciousness, sports conditions and physical fitness to sports activity, and to examine the influence of sports consciousness and sports conditions on
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the improvement of physical fitness in adolescent male students. The Diagnostic Inventory for Sport Counseling (DISC) and physical fitness tests designed by the Ministry of Education in Japan were administered to 687 healthy male students aged 15 to 20 years. Six sports consciousness scales and 15 sports condition scales were conducted according to the procedure of DISC. Sports activity was defined as the frequency of sports participation per week. Students doing sports activity less than twice a month were termed as a negative or passive sports participation group (SG1) and those doing it several times or more a week were named as a positive sports participation group (SG2). Statistical techniques of discriminant analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to examine the contribution of variable groups to sports activity or physical fitness. The main results can be summarized as follows: 1) The SG2 have the higher sports consciousness and the better sports conditions, and the members are superior in physical fitness to those of SG1. 2) Sports conditions influence students' sports activity greater than sports consciousness and physical fitness level. In addition the present sports conditions is the most important factor influencing their sports activity. 3) Sports conditions in SG2 and sports consciousness in SG1 have a high influence on the improvement of physical fitness. Factors such as delight and anxious feeling to sports activity in sports consciousness, and sports skill, adaptability to personal relations and membership of sports club in junior high school in sports conditions contribute highly to the improvement of physical fitness.
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| 8.
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南, 雅樹 ; 出村, 慎一 ; 長澤, 吉則
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