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| 1.
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Sebastian G.B. Amyes
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図書
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by A. de Bary ; the authorized English translation by Henry E.F. Garnsey ; revised by Isaac Bayley Balfour
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[edited by L.H. Collier and Morag C. Timbury]
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図書
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by A. de Bary
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edited by K. Jann and B. Jann
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| 6.
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Maki, Teruya ; Aoki, Kazuma ; Kobayashi, Fumihisa ; Kakikawa, Makiko ; Tobo, Yutaka ; Matsuki, Atsushi ; Hasegawa, Hiroshi ; Iwasaka, Yasunobu
概要:
金沢大学理工研究域物質化学系<br />Microbial particles transported by Asian desert dust (KOSA) possibly impact ecosystems and human hea
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lth in downwind environments and are commonly called "bioaerosols." The microbial communities associated with KOSA mineral particles (KOSA bioaerosol), which were collected from the snow cover on Mt. Tateyama, were investigated by means of a culture-amendment technique combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis using 16S rRNA genes. After the stratigraphy of the snow layer formed on the walls of a snow pit on Mt. Tateyama, samples were collected from 2 layers, which included KOSA particles and one which did not. The snow samples with KOSA particles indicated microbial growth in the 100 and 10-1 dilution media and in the medium with NaCl below 10%, while the snow sample without KOSA particles showed no microbial growth in the culture media. The PCR-DGGE analysis revealed that the bacterial compositions in the snow samples including KOSA mineral particles were mainly composed of the members of the phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutus, and Proteobacteria. In particular, the 2 phylotypes appeared in the microbial cultures were similar to the members of the B. subtilis group, which has been detected in bioaerosol samples collected from the atmosphere over KOSA arrival (Suzu City) and source (Dunhuang City) regions. Presumably, halotolerant and oligotrophic bacterial communities are associated with the KOSA particles that descend to the snow cover on Mt. Tateyama. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
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| 7.
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Maki, Teruya ; Takeda, Noriko ; Hasegawa, Hiroshi ; Ueda, Kazumasa
概要:
金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科物質情報解析<br />Chemical warfare agents, composed of harmful organoarsenic compounds have contaminated the soi
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ls of Ohkunoshima Island with high levels of arsenic. As a basic research establishing useful bioremediation techniques, environmental factors such as arsenic concentrations and bacterial biomass in the soils were investigated. Among the five stations of Ohkunoshima Island, the soils of four stations were contaminated by high levels of arsenic compounds at concentrations of 125,12.7, 3.29 and 0.504 g/kg soil, while the other station with low arsenic concentrations of 0.007 g/kg soil was considered an uncontaminated area. The distribution of arsenic compounds originating from the chemical weapon agent differs among the various areas of Ohkunoshima Island. The cell densities of arsenate-resistant bacteria also varied among the five stations, ranging from 106 to 108 cells/g soil. In an attempt to isolate bacteria that strongly mineralize the organoarsenic compounds, the mineralization activities for monomethylarsonic acid [MMAA(V)] of 48 isolates of arsenate-resistant bacteria were determined. Only nine isolates reduced 140 μg/1 of MMAA(V), giving decreasing percentages ranging from 5 to 100% within 14 days. Among the nine isolates, two remarkably converted 140 μg/1 of MMAA to more than 71 μg/1 of inorganic arsenic. Presumably only specific members of the environmental bacterial population have strong mineralization activities for MMAA. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequences showed that the two isolates belonged to the Pseudomonas putida strains, which are known to have strong mineralization activity for various organic compounds. In the soil contaminated by arsenic at a high level, few bacteria in the arsenate-resistant bacterial group would significantly mineralize organoarsenic compounds. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 8.
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Kong, Qingquan ; Nakai, Yuji ; Kuroda, Nanae ; Shiratsuchi, Akiko ; Nagaosa, Kaz ; Nakanishi, Yoshinobu
概要:
Interaction between the host and pathogen determines the fate of both organisms during the infectious state. The host is
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equipped with a battery of immune reactions, while the pathogen displays a variety of mechanisms to compromise host immunity. Although bacteria alter their pattern of gene expression in host organisms, studies to elucidate the mechanism behind this are only in their infancy. We here examined the possibility that host immune proteins directly participate in the change of gene expression in bacteria. Escherichia coli was treated with a mixture of the extracellular region of peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)-LC and the antimicrobial peptide attacin of Drosophila, and subjected to DNA microarray analysis for mRNA repertoire. We identified 133 annotated genes whose mRNA increased after the treatment, and at least four of them were induced in response to PGRP-LC. One such gene, lipoprotein-encoding nlpI, showed a transient increase of mRNA in adult flies depending on PGRP-LC but not PGRP-LE. NlpI-lacking E. coli had a lowered growth rate and/or viability in flies than the parental strain. These results suggest that a host immune receptor triggers a change of gene expression in bacteria simultaneously with their recognition and induction of immune responses. © The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Japanese Biochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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| 9.
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Tazaki, Kazue ; Asada, Ryuji
概要:
金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科環境動態<br />Mercury is a toxic substance that is widely distributed throughout the hydrosphere, biosphere, a
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nd lithosphere. Mine waste environments and mine waters support a wide diversity of microbial life. The microbial ecology of environments where mine waters are polluted with heavy metals is poorly understood. Here, we describe the features of bacteria in mercury-contaminated gold panning ponds in a small-scale gold mine (Geita) near Lake Victoria, Tanzania using energy filtering transmission electron microscopy (EF-TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDX). Most bacteria in the panning pond showed thick exopolysaccharides (EPSs), and many clay minerals attached onto the surface of EPSs. The clay minerals and EPSs might act as protective layers for the bacteria against toxic materials. The clay minerals were composed of smectite, halloysite, and kaolinite associated with calcite and goethite. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that the bulk soil samples contained abundant Si, Al, K, Ca, and Fe with heavy metals such as Au, Ti, and Ag. The results indicate that Hg pollution from panning ponds is caused by not only volatilization of Hg from Au-Hg amalgams, but Hg is also released into the air as dust mixed with dry fine clays, suggesting high long-term environmental risks. Mercury-resistant bacteria associated with clay minerals may have a significant effect on the weathering processes of the ore during long-term bioremediation. The clay mineral complexes on the surface of bacterial cell walls are a stimulator for Hg-resistant bacterial growth in mud ponds contaminated with the Au-Hg materials. 全文公開200809
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| 10.
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伊牟田, 盱 ; 田崎, 和江 ; Imuta, Miharu ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
Red brownish microbial mats grow on the surface of drainage pond at Iriki Kaolin deposit, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, a
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re predominantly iron oxidizing bacteria. The Fe-bacteria quickly occur on the surface of acidic water pH 3.4 within few days. The biofilms are composed of amorphous iron hydroxides and ferrihydrite are found both in natural system and cultured solution after 90 days under pH 6→2.5 condition. Optical and SEM-EDX microscopy showed the formation processes of Fe-rich biofilms with green unicellular bacteria occurred in the system of deionized water and kaolinite blocks. In the system, Fe and S-rich biofilms around kaolinite blocks can be seen, suggesting kaolin minerals encourage to form the biofilms as accelerator in the acidic drainage pond. The biofilms use ferrous ions as their energy source through the oxidation into ferric ions.
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| 11.
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田崎, 和江 ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
The weathering process has generally been considered from only a chemical/physical point of view, however recent observa
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tions of bacteria in weathered rocks have, led to questions about the importance of microbial activity. In order to examine this, an outdoor natural experiment has been performed in which an andesite rocky hill was immersed in running ground water at outside temperature for one year. The ground water is harvested from a depth of 150m for the establishment of the systems. The system was constructed in Kakuma Campus, Kanazawa University on April 2007, having the foot baths heated at 37℃ with disinfectant and the rocky hill with running natural ground water without any chemical and heating treatments. After 3 months of incubation in the footbath, biomineralization of carbonate minerals (calcite and aragonite) by Cyanobacteria was found. On the other hand, after one year, clay minerals (Smectite) and zeolite (Heulandite and Clinoptilolite) were found in only the rocky hill under natural conditions. Various kinds of microorganisms, such as Cyanobacteria, diatoms and bacteria accelerated weathering reactions of andesite (Tomuro-ishi) for building materials eroded on the surface, and to produce secondary minerals of bio-clays and zeolites. The microorganisms carry an important role to change water quality within such a short period. Large crystals of zeolite and fine thin films of smectite attached to the microorganisms with cohesion organics to form green microbial mats on the surface of the andesite rocky hill, showing accumulation of elements such as Al and Si which could have been derived by dissolution of the rocks associated with running water. These data collectively demonstrate the microbial formation of smectite and zeolite of bio-clays, where the reaction rates may be substantially enhanced by the presence of microorganisms. Bacteria and diatom activity may hence have a great influence on the clay mineral developments commonly observed in naturally weathered rocks. The mechanism of bio-clays formation has important implications for water-rock interactions both in natural environments and in polluted areas. The footbath facilities will be made available for use not only in research, but also for the advancement of education while contributing to the local community.
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| 12.
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論文
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Maki, Teruya ; Ishikawa, Akira ; Mastunaga, Tomoki ; Pointing, Stephen B. ; Saito, Yuuki ; Kasai, Tomoaki ; Watanabe, Koichi ; Aoki, Kazuma ; Horiuchi, Amane ; Lee, Kevin C. ; Hasegawa, Hiroshi ; Iwasaka, Yasunobu
概要:
Atmospheric aerosols contain particulates that are deposited to oceanic surface waters. These can represent a major sour
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ce of nutrients, trace metals, and organic compounds for the marine environment. The Japan Sea and the western Pacific Ocean are particularly affected by aerosols due to the transport of desert dust and industrially derived particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) from continental Asia. We hypothesized that supplementing seawater with aerosol particulates would lead to measurable changes in surface water nutrient composition as well as shifts in the marine microbial community. Shipboard experiments in the Pacific Ocean involved the recovery of oligotrophic oceanic surface water and subsequent supplementation with aerosol particulates obtained from the nearby coastal mountains, to simulate marine particulate input in this region. Initial increases in nitrates due to the addition of aerosol particulates were followed by a decrease correlated with the increase in phytoplankton biomass, which was composed largely of Bacillariophyta (diatoms), including Pseudo-nitzschia and Chaetoceros species. This shift was accompanied by changes in the bacterial community, with apparent increases in the relative abundance of heterotrophic Rhodobacteraceae and Colwelliaceae in aerosol particulate treated seawater. Our findings provide empirical evidence revealing the impact of aerosol particulates on oceanic surface water microbiology by alleviating nitrogen limitation in the organisms. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd<br />Embargo Perion 12 months
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| 13.
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Puspitasari, Findya ; Maki, Teruya ; Shi, Guangyu ; Bin, Chen ; Kobayashi, Fumihisa ; Hasegawa, Hiroshi ; Iwasaka, Yasunobu
概要:
Airborne microorganisms (bioaerosol) from the China desert region, which are released into the atmosphere, disperse by t
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he Asian dust event and affect ecosystems, human life, and atmospheric processes in downwind areas. However, the dynamics of airborne bacteria over the China desert regions have rarely been investigated. In this study, we analyzed bacterial communities in aerosols of the Asian dust source region (Taklimakan Desert) and compared them with the bacterial communities in sand dunes, for evaluating the mixtures from sand area to atmosphere. Air samples were collected at 10 m above the ground level from Dunhuang City during a dust event. The cell densities of airborne bacteria during a dust event were ten times more than that in non-dust periods. The 16S rDNA clone libraries from four air samples mainly belonged to two phyla, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. During a dust event, the proportion of Proteobacteria clones decreased, whereas that of Firmicutes clones increased. Sand samples were collected from the sand dunes in four sampling sites of the Taklimakan Desert. The bacterial communities in sand samples comprised of the members of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. The clones of Firmicutes in both air and sand samples included Bacillus species, constituting more than 10 % of total clones. Airborne bacterial communities would be carried by the dust events from sand dunes. Propionibacterium species from the class Actinobacteria that were dominant in sand samples were not detected in the air samples, suggesting that atmospheric stressors eliminate some bacterial species. Presumably, airborne bacterial communities in the Asian dust source region are composed of local environmental bacteria, and their dynamics depend on the occurrence of a dust event. © 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht<br />Embargo Period 12 months
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田崎, 和江 ; 朝田, 隆二 ; 池田, 頼正
概要:
Biofilms quickly occur on the water surface, associated with Fe-bacteria, such as Leptothrix sp., Gallionella sp. and To
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xothrix sp. are the most common pioneering species in microbial communities. The bacterial colonies form, Fe-rich biofilms within a few days which is active oxic zone of the top water surface. Biofilms are composed of amorphous iron hydroxides, goethite, ferrihydrite and schwertmannite Fe8O8(OH) 6S04 (2.5 and 1.5 Å) are found both in natural system and cultured solution. SEM-EDX, TEM and atomic-force microscopy showed the formation processes of Fe-rich biofilms with sub-micron rugged structure on the primitive stage. In this paper biomineral structure of Fe-rich biofilms collected from underground water at three places was described. The structure is affected by the water physical and chemical environment (anaerobic or oxidized condition), bacterial species, water chemical composition, and species interactions. The old idea of the biofilms is simply microbes suspended in a homogeneous, but in this study variety of microorganisms with Fe-rich cell was revealed. Brownish black biofilms grow on the surface of underground water in the Kakuma Campus of Kanazawa University, are of predominantly iron oxidizing bacteria, such as Leptothrix sp., Gallionella sp. and Toxothrix sp. The biofilms use ferrous ions as their energy source through the oxidation into ferric ions. TEM of the biofilms have revealed mucoid substances of bacteria, like polysaccharides are effective for adhesion of iron hydroxides produced through biomineralization of various bacterial communities. The quick condensation process of ordered iron bacterial colonies considered to be a factor for increasing the thickness of biofilms. This is the first time oriented Fe-bacterial sheet/nets in the colonies have been found in biofilms within a few days aging time. The formation mechanism of biofilms on the water surface can be apply science to implants to be placed in the human body in biomedical applications, such as catheter, heartlung machine, and contact lenses.
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Tazaki, Kazue ; Hattori, Tatsuya
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Kakikawa, Makiko ; Kobayashi, Fumihisa ; Maki, Teruya ; Yamada, Maromu ; Higashi, Tomomi ; Chen, Bin ; Shi, Guangyu ; Hong, Chunsang ; Tobo, Yutaka ; Iwasaka, Yasunobu
概要:
金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター<br />The dust event injects microorganisms into the atmosphere and could facilitate the dispersal of b
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iological particles affecting leeward ecosystem and human health. In this study, the dustborne microorganisms in the atmosphere over the Taklimakan Desert, Asian dust source, were identified by culture-independent method. Dusts were collect-ed using a balloon at about 800 m above the ground in an Asian dust source region, Dunhuang. After DNAwere directly extracted from the dusts collected filters, 16S and 18S rRNA genes of microorganisms were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. The rDNA sequence data indicated that dust particles include fungi closely related to Rickenella fibula, Ceriporiopsis gilvescens, and bacteria belonging to the genus Brevibacillus, Staphylococcus, Rhodococcus, Delftia, Pseudomonas, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. These results suggest that dust particles in the atmosphere over Dunhuang could carry these many fungi and bacteria and might play a significant role in leeward ecosystem. © 2009 The Author(s).
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| 17.
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Kakikawa, Makiko ; Kobayashi, Fumihisa ; Maki, Teruya ; Yamada, Maromu ; Higashi, Tomomi ; Chen, Bin ; Shi, Guangyu ; Hong, Chunsang ; Tobo, Yutaka ; Iwasaka, Yasunobu
概要:
金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター生体機能計測研究部門<br />The dust event injects microorganisms into the atmosphere and could facilitate the disp
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ersal of biological particles affecting leeward ecosystem and human health. In this study, the dustborne microorganisms in the atmosphere over the Taklimakan Desert, Asian dust source, were identified by culture-independent method. Dusts were collected using a balloon at about 800 m above the ground in an Asian dust source region, Dunhuang. After DNA were directly extracted from the dusts collected filters, 16S and 18S rRNA genes of microorganisms were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. The rDNA sequence data indicated that dust particles include fungi closely related to Rickenella fibula, Ceriporiopsis gilvescens, and bacteria belonging to the genus Brevibacillus, Staphylococcus, Rhodococcus, Delftia, Pseudomonas, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. These results suggest that dust particles in the atmosphere over Dunhuang could carry these many fungi and bacteria and might play a significant role in leeward ecosystem. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
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| 18.
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田崎, 和江 ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
先カンブリア紀の縞状鉄鉱床やストロマトライトは微生物がつくった縞状堆積物である。それらの微生物がどのような種類なのか、どのように化石化や鉱物化したのか、その縞の周期やパターンが何によるものなのか,その形成メカニズムには多くの謎がある。過去の
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記録を読みとるとともに、現世のバイオマットから先カンブリア紀の微生物までの生体鉱物化作用について研究した。先カンブリア紀のブラジル、カラジャス鉱山の縞状鉄鉱床にはFe,Mn,Siが含まれ,赤と黒の縞模様がmmオーダーで認められる。この薄片には数百ミクロンの円形の藻類が一面に存在し、黒い層よりも赤い層に藻類が顕著である。カナダのガンフリント縞状鉄鉱床には、黒い層に糸状菌が、赤い層には球菌が多数認められた。このように、化石化した微生物はコロニーを作り,層状のパターンを形成することが明らかになった。これらの微生物から古環境を解析し、微生物の生体鉱物化作用を解明するための手段の一つとして現世のバイオマットがある。本研究では自然界で生じた層状パターンの実例とともに、実験室で微生物によってつくられた層状パターンを比較検討した。また、薩摩イオウ島の赤湯温泉では、入り江の岩石や砂礫の表面に柔らかい赤褐色のバイオマットが層状に堆積している。このバウムクーヘン状のバイオマット中にも多量の球菌,桿菌が認められた。さらに,固化したバイオマットは、低結晶性の鉄とマンガン鉱物の繰り返しパターンを示し、微生物も大量に保存している。すなわち、現世のバイオマットがつくる縞状堆積物は先カンブリア紀の縞状鉄鉱床の形成機構を示唆している。<br />Microbial structure in the form of banded zebra patterns have been found as periodic Fe-Mn layers in living biomats from Satsuma-Iwo Jima, southern Kyushu, Japan. Electron microscopic observation shows that fibrous and bacillus type bacterial communities construct a zebra architecture, Fe-Mn layers through biomineralization on / in the cell. A living microbial fumarolic ferro-manganese precipitation growing in the seawater around an active volcanic island explains the mechanism of banded formation. Biological processes form the elemental zebra pattern, with periodic distribution of bacterial cells filled with Mn and Fe in each layer of the architecture. Fibrous bacteria are sometimes mineralized with goethite, ferrihydrite and buserite microcrystals, coated with granular mucoid substances. The biomineralization may then become incorporated into stratifer recent Banded Iron Formation.<br />研究課題/領域番号:09440174, 研究期間(年度):1997–1999<br />出典：「バクテリアによる生体鉱物の生成機構」研究成果報告書 課題番号09440174 (KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）) 本文データは著者版報告書より作成
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| 19.
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田崎, 和江 ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
生体鉱物化作用を利用することによって,岩石,土壌,鉱物の微生物による腐食,変質,二次生成物を評価することができる.また,そのメカニズムを解明することにより腐食の対策や汚染環境の浄化に役立てることができる.本研究では,風化,変質,微生物腐食,
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汚染された岩石,鉱物,土壌,コンクリート中の化学成分やその分布,深度,状態を,本研究補助金で製作した低真空ウエット走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて明らかにした.その結果は下記のとおりである. 1.アイスランド,ニュージランド,別府における間欠泉,温泉,地熱地帯で採取した微生物腐食サンプル,バイオマットを電子顕微鏡で観察した結果,珪藻やシアノバクテイアの細胞内外にFe,Si,Ca,Al,As,Sなどの元素の濃集と各種の鉱物の生成が認められた. 2.現生の淡水性のバクテリアがマンガンや鉄を濃集し非晶質物質を生成することを水と堆積物を用いた培養実験で確かめた. 3.微生物関与によりマンガン物質の生成と比較するために,化学的生成のコントロール実験も行い,その生成物の形態や生成条件が異なることを明らかにした. 4.ウラン鉱床周辺の岩石,土壌,水,植物を採取し,ウランの濃度,分布,濃縮状態を明らかにした. この研究結果は,産業廃棄物処理場や放射生廃棄物の保管地帯の安全保護に役だつのみならず,新素材の開発や医療分野にも適用できる.<br />Metal sorption and biomineralization largely reflect the availability of dissolved metals in hydrosphere systems. The metal-loaded bacteria has profound implications for the transfer of metals from the hydrosphere to the sediments. Microorganisms will have playd an important role in metal deposition under various temperature conditions. The microorganisms concentrate aqueous dissolved metals onto cell walls and at intracellular sites, during the life cycle, and strongly bind metals during early diagenesis. A sequence is observed in which amorphous cations concentrated at cell walls are progressively transformed to microcrystalline aggregates of carbonate, silicate, Mn-Fe oxides, and clay minerals. The bioprecipitated oxides and oxyhydroxides act as scavengers for heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Sr, and U,in the aqueous toxic-metal dispersion environment. The biomineralization of bacterial cells has been followed in a laboratory simulation by electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Several kinds of bacteria were examined for the ability to remove heavy metals from solution. SEM-EDX,TEM,XRF and XRD results indicated that most of metals accumulated at the cell surface as crystalline precipitates after several days of aging.<br />研究課題/領域番号:05554012, 研究期間(年度):1993–1995<br />出典：「岩石の微生物腐食の評価装置」研究成果報告書 課題番号05554012(KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）) 本文データは著者版報告書より作成
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| 20.
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田崎, 和江 ; Tazaki, Kazue
概要:
汚染された環境を浄化する方法として,物理学的に取り除く方法,化学反応により無害化する方法,そしてバクテリアなどの生物機能を活用して回復する方法がある.特に,生物機能を利用して浄化するバイオレメデイエーションは,浄化に長期間を要する汚染に対し
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て二次汚染のない有効な方法である.単純な組織構造を有しているバクテリアは,汚染環境から有害物質を細胞内に取り込み,固定して,各種の生体鉱物を細胞内外に生成する働きがある.この生体鉱物化作用のメカニズムを解明し,汚染された環境の浄化に役立てることが本研究の目的であった.本研究補助金で購入した位相差偏光顕微鏡や低真空走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて,地球上の様々な環境(鉱山,鉱床,温泉,間欠泉,汚染土壌,湖沼堆積物,風化花崗岩,活性汚泥など)からFe,Mn,Zn,Cu,U,Cdなどの元素を持つバクテリアが細胞内に生体鉱物を生成している例を数多く発見した.特に,室内実験からMnやFe,イオンがバクテリアの細胞に取り込まれ,マンガンノジュールを形成する過程を透過型電子顕微鏡観察により明らかにすることができた.また,XRD,XRF,EDX,FT‐IR,ESCAなどの方法も用い,この生体鉱物化作用を総合的にとらえそのメカニズムを明かにした.3年間の研究成果は,国内および国際学会で発表し,論文も学術誌に多数公表した.<br />Microorganisms are very important in all transport processes of elements in earth environmental systems. Microorganisms contribute particularly to the fixation of tremendous range of metals and minerals in contaminated areas. There are many examples of microbial remediation in the modern environments. In this projects, the mechanism of microorganisms for remediation of metal fixation is investigated for various cases, such as mining area, hot springs, sediments, and weatherd granit, by using electron microscopical techniques. Microorganisms exhibit a profound ability to bind metallic ions of Fe, Mn, Cu, U,and As, and this allows cell to serve directly as nucleation sites for biominerals. The biomineral deposits in bacterial intra-or extra-cell are shaped as crystals with a well-defined structure. The remediation appear applicable to a wide range of contaminants in natural environments. The results of biomineralization in the earth environmental system are reported in various international and national journals.<br />研究課題/領域番号:04453052, 研究期間(年度):1992–1994<br />出典：「バクテリアによる生体鉱物の生成機構」研究成果報告書 課題番号04453052(KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）) 本文データは著者版報告書より作成
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| 21.
論文 |
論文
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平安, 恒幸 ; Hirayasu, Kouyuki
概要:
金沢大学先進予防医学研究センター / 大阪大学<br />本研究では、免疫レセプターと様々な病原体との相互作用を網羅的に調べた。その結果、活性化レセプターLILRA2が病原微生物によって破壊された抗体を認識し病原微生物に対して生体防御を行っ
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ていることが明らかとなった。この結果から、病原微生物は宿主の免疫から逃れるために様々な免疫逃避機構を進化させてきた一方で、宿主側は病原微生物による免疫逃避機構を検出し、生体防御に働くように進化して病原微生物に対抗してきたことが考えられる。<br />In this study, a comprehensive search for interaction between pathogens and host immune receptors was performed. In this process, it was found that microbial pathogens have evolved to acquire antibody-cleaving proteases in order to escape from the host immune system of antibody recognition. Moreover, it was also found that an orphan activating immune receptor, LILRA2, recognizes these microbially disrupted antibody in order to counteract the microbial immune evasion strategy.<br />研究課題/領域番号:26870334, 研究期間(年度): 2014-04-01 – 2017-03-31
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| 22.
論文 |
論文
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泉, キヨ子 ; Izumi, Kiyoko
概要:
金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系<br />【研究目的】片麻痺患者の清潔ケアをより客観的根拠に基づく実践とするために、麻痺側の麻痺手の皮膚細菌叢の分布状況,においの程度,発汗量を測定し、併せて麻痺レベル、ケアの実情などと関連づけた。さらに、麻
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痺手の汚れを簡便な清拭剤で清拭し、ケアの効果についても検討した。【研究方法】U老人専門病院に入院中の片麻痺患者とコントロ-ルとして麻痺のない患者を対象に、(1)両手掌部の皮膚の細菌叢の分布状況、(2)ポ-タブル型ニオイセンサ(新コスモス電機KK)を用いて手掌部のにおいの測定、(3)連続発汗測定装置、フォ-レスト1(KKフォション)を用いて、手掌部の発汗量の測定、(4)ADL、麻痺発症後の期間および看護ケアの実情などを検討した。さらに、(5)片麻痺患者の両手掌部をスキナクレン(持田製薬KK)で清拭前,直後,1,2,3時間後の菌採取し、ケア効果について調べた。【結果の概要】(1)手掌部の細菌数を定量的に好気性菌と嫌気性菌から算定したところ,麻痺手に有意に多くみられた。片麻痺患者の非麻痺手と麻痺のない患者の両手掌の細菌数の比較では,非麻痺手に細菌数がやや多いものの,ほぼ類似の傾向を示した。麻痺発症後の期間との関係では,麻痺手の細菌数が多い患者は麻痺発症後の期間が長く,麻痺手と非麻痺手の細菌数がほぼ等しい患者ではその期間が短く両者に有意差がみられた。(2)片麻痺群のにおいでは、麻痺手が非麻痺手に比べて有意に高値を示し、特に強度な拘縮のある患者は拘縮のない片麻痺患者より有意ににおいが高値であった。(3)手掌部の発汗との関係では、両手掌に差はみられなかった。(4)スキナクレンでの清拭後では、両手掌部の細菌数の減少がみられ、ケアの効果が示唆された。つまり、片麻痺患者の麻痺手はさまざまに汚染されており、もっと麻痺側に関心をむけたケアや指導の必要性が確認された。<br />The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the skin flora of the hemiplegic hands and odor, perspiration and the sanitary care of hands.The subjects are 20 hemiplegic patients and 11 patients without paralysis in a geriatric hospital in Isikawa prefecture.A method of sampling the hemiplegic hands was devised using a swab moistened with aqua purificata sterilis.Also, we measured the odor and the perspiration on their hands of the subjebts, and investigated the effect of care on their hands by using a detergent "SUKINAKUREN".The results were as follows :1) The number of colonies of the hemiplegic hands was greater than that of the unaffected ones of the hemiplegic patients.2) The number of colonies was about the same on both hands in patients without paralysis.3) The score of odor hemiplegic hands was higher than on their unaffected ones.4) There was no difference of relationship between the perspiration score of hemiplegic hands and that of the unaffected ones of the hemiplegic patients.5) The number of colonies of the hemiplegic hands decreased by sanitary care by "SUKINAKUREN".<br />研究課題/領域番号:01571276, 研究期間(年度):1989-1990<br />出典：「片麻痺患者の麻痺側の皮膚細菌叢に関する看護的研究」研究成果報告書 課題番号01571276(KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）) 本文データは著者版報告書より作成
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| 23.
図書 |
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Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu, R. Rathinamoorthy
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電子ブック |
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Gerhard Gottschalk
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