1.

図書

図書
edited by Holger Fleischer ... [et al.]
出版情報: Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck, c2016
シリーズ名: Beiträge zum ausländischen und internationalen Privatrecht ; 118
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2.

図書

図書
China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, EU-China Policy Dialogues Support Facility II ; supported by Mnistory of Industry and Information Technology, DG CNECT, EU Commission
出版情報: Heidelberg : Springer , [Beijing] : The Commercial Press, c2016
シリーズ名: Current Chinese economic report series
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3.

図書

図書
[editor-in-chief, W. Feldwick]
出版情報: Tokyo : Edition Synapse, 2012
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4.

図書

図書
John Henry Gray
出版情報: Mineola, N.Y. : Dover Publications, 2002
シリーズ名: Dover books on literature and drama
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5.

図書

図書
by E. H. Parker
出版情報: New York : E. P. Dutton, 1917
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6.

図書

図書
[edited by Henry F. James]
出版情報: New York : Garland Pub., 1982
シリーズ名: China during the interregnum, 1911-1949
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7.

図書

図書
edited by Harold C. Hinton and Marius B. Jansen
出版情報: Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press, 1979
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8.

図書

図書
compiled and translated by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences ; edited for Pergamon Press by C.V. James
出版情報: Oxford [Oxfordshire] ; Tokyo : Pergamon Press, 1989
シリーズ名: Countries of the world information series
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9.

図書

図書
by S. Wells Williams
出版情報: New York : Charles Scribner's Sons, 1883, c1882
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10.

図書

図書
Tsang Chiu-sam
出版情報: Oxford ; New York : Pergamon Press, c1968
シリーズ名: The commonwealth and international library ; Education and educational research
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11.

図書

図書
edited by Albert Feuerwerker
出版情報: Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall, c1964
シリーズ名: Asian civilization
A Spectrum book ; S-101
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12.

論文

論文
Li, Yuan ; Huang, Jingxiong ; Yang, Linchuan
出版情報: International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development = International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development.  8  pp.86-99,  2020-04-15.  International Community of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development / SPSD Press
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/00062351
概要: Space syntax starts from the ontology of space to quantify the space and uses mathematical logic to reveal and describe the logic of the space structure.However, the application of space syntax analysis to museums in China has rarely been explored. In light of this, this study employs space syntax to analyse the Gulangyu Organ Museum (Xiamen, China) and uses the topological depth, visual graph analysis, and agent simulation to describe the structure of the museum space. Accordingly, several suggestions are proposed,including rearranging the layout of the museum’s functions and transforming the museum from functional space to experience space. This study can serve as a valuable reference for the application of space syntax in the design and optimization of space design and functional layout. We believe that the findings of this study can also be applied to other cultural institutions (e.g.,galleries) with similar characteristics. 続きを見る
13.

論文

論文
Liu, Jian ; Xu, Gaofeng
出版情報: International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development = International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development.  8  pp.38-57,  2020-10-15.  International Community of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development / SPSD Press
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/00062363
概要: Since the reform and opening-up of China, the nation’s rural development has been accompanied by a series of land reform policies, largely concerning agricultural land, homestead land and rural construction land. Have rural land reform policies achieved their original objectives and contributed to the socio-economic and spatial development of rural China? To answer these questions, this paper examines the case of Qidu Town of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province and conducts a three-step analysis of the effectiveness of both national- and local-level rural land reform policies. It first reviews the policies to clarify their economic, social and spatial objectives. It then quantitatively analyses the economic, social and spatial performance of these policies in Qidu Town since 1998; this analysis is performed with economic, social and land-use data and quantitative-analysis methods. Finally, it assesses the policies’ effectiveness by comparing their objectives with the results of the quantitative analyses. It concludes that at both the national and local levels, the effectiveness of land reform policies has varied across different periods, across different measures, and between one another. The reason for this variation rests predominantly on the attitudes of the affected villages and villagers. By taking the town, China’s basic administrative unit, as the research object and bringing spatial performance into policy effectiveness, this research seeks to develop a methodology for objective and accurate assessments of the effectiveness of rural land reform policies. 続きを見る
14.

論文

論文
Chevalier, Aline ; Xu, Leiqing
出版情報: International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development = IRSPSD International.  8  pp.59-93,  2020-01-15.  International Community of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development / SPSD Press
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/00057206
概要: Following the evolutionary pattern already observed in western countries, China is now witnessing a tremendous growth in car ownership that is reshaping the urban environment. Despite the surge in motorised traffic, the remaining high level of bicycle usage and the rapid development of dock-less app-based bicycle-sharing systems highlight the urgent need to assess the bikeability level in Chinese cities. However, this unique setup renders obsolete most of the western tools used to rank cities with respect to their bike friendliness. Following a multidisciplinary approach, we compare the results of our survey to the commonly accepted western views and isolate indicators suitable to urban cycling in China. While refining and sometimes reformulating the goals commonly pursued in bicycle planning, we also provide recommendations for measurements and effective improvements of bikeability when western solutions fail to meet the needs specific to the Chinese context. 続きを見る
15.

論文

論文
Xu, Honggang ; Yuan, Meng ; Li, Jun
出版情報: International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development = IRSPSD International.  7  pp.157-171,  2019-04-15.  International Community of Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development / SPSD Press
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/00057252
概要: Bicycles have been useful transportation tools for many years, and have recently become more popular in terms of leisure and health. Increasingly, people choose regular cycling activities as a means of becoming healthier and happier. However, the relationships between why people choose to cycle, what benefits they get from bicycle-based leisure activities, and how their well being is improved have not been fully explored. In this article, the relationship between cycling motivation, leisure benefits, and well-being is examined. Specifically, internal and external factors are considered in the motivation to cycle. Leisure benefits comprise physiological, psychological, and social benefits, while well-being consists of life satisfaction, self-confidence, and self-affirmation. A questionnaire survey is developed, and field data collected in China. A descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis are conducted. The results show that leisure benefits are positively affected by cycling motivation and both cycling motivation and leisure benefits have a positive impact on well-being. The practical implications of the results of the study are also discussed. 続きを見る
16.

論文

論文
弁納, 才一 ; Benno, Saiichi
出版情報: 日本海域研究 = Japan sea research.  49  pp.49-65,  2018-03-26.  金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター — Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology Kanazawa University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/00050911
概要: The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic changes within a suburban village in China's Shandong Province around the beginning of the Second Sino Japanese War while also paying attention to the relationship between Binzhou, the county capital, and the surrounding hinterland. Through this period, the transformation from small hold tenant farming along with post agricultural fanning continued with a return to agricultural fanning and a reduction in the scale of the county landlords' management of their respective holdings. 続きを見る
17.

論文

論文
Yu, Shuangying ; Lu, Tiezhan ; Qian, Xuepeng ; Zhou, Weisheng
出版情報: International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development.  6  pp.63-77,  2018-07-15.  SPSD Press
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/00053251
概要: In China, governments are promoting waste management as an urgent environmental issue. Hangzhou is one of eight cities i n China that have launched a pilot run for household waste separation since 2010. The government survey and a previous study of the authors have confirmed the gap between citizens’ positive attitudes and their real behavior related to waste separation. In our study, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) is applied to analyse the factors that could influence the behavioral intention of the citizens towards separating waste. The structural model based on TPB was constructed to represent the framework of the citizens’ intentions related to their waste separation behviour, based on a pilot survey and expert interview. Following the model, a 211-sample questionnaire survey was designed and conducted in Hangzhou. 19 extracted factors are categorized and structured following TPB. The result shows: attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control have positive influence on behavioral intention; perceived behavioral control exerts stronger influence than the other factors. Based on the findings, this study discusses policy implications and recommendations for improving the current policy and the situation of household waste separation. 続きを見る
18.

論文

論文
Tian, Xue ; Li, Yan
出版情報: International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development.  6  pp.78-93,  2018-07-15.  SPSD Press
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/00053252
概要: With the process of urbanization, China has entered into a booming of construction, and new buildings currently cost lar ge quantities of natural resources and energy. Green Buildings are one of the approaches being implemented to help to mitigate the impacts of the building stock on the environment. However, the majority of green buildings are located in eastern region of China where the economies are more developed. For developing regions in the middle and western regions, green buildings are few. Low income is easily assumed to be the barrier, but research performed to test this assumption, is scarce. The authors of this paper chose Shanxi Province, a less developed region, as the area of investigation to investigate this issue. The authors developed a framework of consumer behaviour based on the Howard Sheth model to find the key factors that affect people’s willingness to pay (WTP), for which a questionnaire survey was conducted in the study area in Shanxi Province. The survey data were analysed by logistic regression and cross tabulation methods. The results revealed that rather than income, the knowledge related to green buildings and awareness of environmental protection had significant impacts upon green building WTP. Based on the analyses, several suggestions were developed, including: imposing certain demands on constructors of buildings to adopt green facilities, improving the publicity of green buildings, etc. This study investigated people’s real attitudes toward green building and found a high WTP in the region, which deserves further attention from the relevant stakeholders in the future. 続きを見る
19.

論文

論文
Li, Wenyue ; Zhang, Yue
出版情報: International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development.  6  pp.203-215,  2018-07-15.  SPSD Press
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/00053261
概要: Studies have shown that the city size distribution is in line with the power law distribution. By testing the city size distribution of cities in certain administrative levels in sub-national administrative areas in China, it was found that compared with power law distribution, the triangle law distribution put forward can better fit the city size distribution characteristics. The triangle law means the city size distribution structure is shaped like the city administrative division structure. That is, cities of the highest administrative level have far bigger size than other cities, and the city size distribution law of cities in the next administrative level is in accordance with the normal distribution. The triangle law hypothesis is put forward by the analysis of city size growth logic in China, and the institutional influence was considered as the main influencing factor. The results show that the city administrative system has probably shed light on the city size distribution. Further analysis shows the triangle law is more applicable in areas with higher population and fewer next levelled cities. Lastly, by new parameters extracted from the triangle law, the city size distribution characteristics of different regions in China are analysed. 続きを見る
20.

論文

論文
Horie, Mio
出版情報: Journal of the International Center for Cultural Resource Studies.  3  pp.23-50,  2017-03.  International Center for Cultural Resource Studies, Kanazawa University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/00053731
概要: In China, after the end of the Cultural Revolution many scholars and government officials have actively protected the indigenous cultures which are in danger of extinction. Under the influence of the Cultural Heritage of UNESCO, ethnic cultures create the chance to make huge profits among several actors such as government officials, local scholars, ethnic elites and local people. In this paper, I will focus on the process of tourism development of the Lancang Lahu autonomous county in Yunnan province, which based on a motif of the creation myth of Lahu people. Then I will use the concept of resourcenizing culture and discuss how the activities of the county government face difficulties and tensions because of the failure of regional collaboration and the discordance with the locals. 続きを見る
21.

論文

論文
Nishimoto, Yoichi
出版情報: Journal of the International Center for Cultural Resource Studies.  3  pp.51-71,  2017-03.  International Center for Cultural Resource Studies, Kanazawa University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/00053732
概要: This paper is concerned with the sovereignty and marginalization of an ethnic minority people. Although Lahu people, a h ighland dwelling ethnic minority of the area called “Zomia,” are now relatively powerless and live in the geographical and social peripheries of diverse states including China, Myanmar and Thailand, they were once strong and enjoyed a high degree of autonomy in the 18th and 19th centuries in Yunnan, China. Their independent territories were enabled by their religio-political government system, based on hierarchically organized villages that were governed by the charisma-wielding Master Monks and their temples located in several central villages. Mobilized by the Buddhist monks, the Lahu repeatedly fought against the local and central governments, but the rebellions were eventually all pacified. The temples were destroyed and the independent Lahu territories were lost by the beginning of the 20th century. Since then, the Lahu Buddhist movements disappeared from historical records. Based on the field study of the villages that were involved in the Lahu Buddhist movements, this paper presents oral histories of Lahu Buddhist movements as well as religious beliefs and practices of the Lahu today. The study finds the surviving millenarians currently living among Lahu villagers. For students of religions and ethnic minorities, the paper provides detailed descriptions on the messianic aspirations of the marginalized ethnic minority, their view on charismatic and supernatural leaders, and the importance of abstinence associated with these religious leaders. 続きを見る
22.

論文

論文
You, H.-M. ; Fujiwara, K. ; Wu, S.-J. ; Wan, X.L. ; 尤, 海梅 ; 藤原, 一繪 ; 武, 術傑 ; 万, 修良
出版情報: 植物地理・分類研究 = The journal of phytogeography and taxonomy.  49  pp.31-51,  2001-06-30.  植物地理・分類学会 The Society for the Study of Phytogeography and Taxonomy / 日本植物分類学会 The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics (JSPS)
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/00055347
概要: [論文]
23.

論文

論文
金, 璐
出版情報: 社会環境研究 = Socio-environmental studies.  11  pp.315-326,  2006-03-01.  金沢大学大学院社会環境科学研究科社会環境研究編集委員会
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/17228
24.

論文

論文
杜, 林
出版情報: 人間社会環境研究 = Human and socio-environmental studies.  pp.15-30,  2017-03-28.  金沢大学大学院人間社会環境研究科 = Graduate School of Human and Socio-Enviromental Studies Kanazawa University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/47172
概要: 本研究では,今後の障害者福祉の一助となるよう,中国において障害のある人びとに関する聞 き取り調査を実施して,現代中国における障害者観を明らかにすることを目的としている。具体 的には,障害当事者の生活実態や意識という視座,および非当事者の障害 者観という視座から検 討するものである。そして,それらを踏まえながら,中国における障害者の現状や障害者福祉政 策の問題について考察する。 調査データの分析から,障害当事者がさまざまな形で差別や社会的な排除を経験し,差別に対 して,「もう慣れた」,「理解してもらえない」という「無力感」を感じていることが明らかになっ た。また,因習的な観念によって,障害当事者および家族ともども,障害に対する態度として,「世 間を避ける」,「障害によって恥を感じる」という意識がある。他方で非当事者は,障害のない人 びとを「私たち」とみなし,障害のある人びとを「彼ら」として区別し,差異化しているという ことがわかった。 こうした分析結果から,現在の中国では障害のある人びとに対する誤解や偏見の意識が根強く 残っており,それゆえ障害のある人びとがさまざまな形で差別され,社会的に排除されている構 造を明らかにすることができた。To improve the well-being of people with disabilities, and clarify the perception of disability in modem China, I interviewed people with disabilities in China. Specifically, this study aims to discuss the living conditions of people with disabilities and what they think of themselves, as well as non-disabled people's perception of disabilities. Subsequently, 1 examine the problems of the current situation and the welfare policy for people with disabilities in China. The survey data indicated that people with disabilities have experienced discrimination and social exclusion in a variety of ways and feel "a sense of powerlessness" that they have become "accustomed to"the discrimination, or feel that "we're unable to be understood." Additionally, family members of people with disabilities also believe that "avoid the world" or "feel ashamed" due to the traditional prejudices that exist on this subject. On the other hand, non-disabled perceive people with disabilities as "they" and themselves as "we." Thus, it was found that discrimination does exist. From the results of this analysis, it is clear that people with disabilities have been discriminated and excluded in different ways because of the deep-rooted misunderstanding and prejudice that is prevalent in the modem China. 続きを見る
25.

論文

論文
原田, 幹
出版情報: 日本考古学.  pp.1-17,  2014-10-10.  日本考古学協会 = Japanese Archaeological Association
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/47917
概要: 本研究は、実験使用痕研究に基づいた分析により、良渚文化の石器の機能を推定し、農耕技術の実態を明らかにしようとする一連の研究のひとつである。 長江下流域の新石器時代後期良渚文化の「破土器」「石犂」と呼ばれる石器は、主に耕起具としての機能・用途 が想定されてきたが、これを疑問視する意見もある。本稿では浙江省・江蘇省・上海市で出土した「破土器」の機能を明らかにするために、金属顕微鏡を用いた使用痕分析を実施した。微小光沢面、線状痕などの使用痕を観察・記録することで、石器の使用部位、着柄・装着方法、操作方法、作業対象物を推定した。 分析の結果、破土器の使用痕には、①草本植物に関係する微小光沢面が認められる、②光沢面の粗さが表裏で異なる、③使用痕の分布は表裏の広い範囲に及ぶ、④柄部に光沢の空白域が認められ る、⑤刃面では光沢の発達が弱い、⑥光沢の発達方向及び線状痕の方向は長側縁と平行する、⑦側縁に顕著な摩滅と線状痕が認められる、といった特徴が得られた。使用痕からは、長側縁に平行する柄に装着され、この柄を長側縁に対し平行に操作し、下辺の刃部で草本植物を切断する機能が推定された。使用痕の一部に、土との接触が想定されるものの、直接土を対象として用いられた耕起具ではなく、草本植物の切断に用いた除草具のような性格の石器ではないかと考えられる。 また破土器の使用方法について検討するために、操作方法、土壌といった条件を設定し、復元石器による実験を行った。出土石器の使用痕と比較した結果、密集した草本植物を根元で土の中に押し込むようにして切断するものと考えた。 本分析結果は、破土器を耕起具とするこれまでの見解に見直しをうながすものであり、良渚文化の農耕技術についてあらためて検討する必要がある。<br />This is a part of a series of studies that aims to understand functions of lithic tools in Liangzhu Culture and clarify their farming technology through experimental use-wear analysis. In this article, use-wear analysis was conducted on triangular stone knives(taditionally called “ground breaking tools”) excavated from Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces to clarify their function, using a metallurgical microscope to hypothesize part use, attachment of handle/installation methodology, handling methodology, and what they were used on. From characteristics of use-wear marks recognized on the ground breaking tools, it was hypothesized that the function was to cut herbaceous plants with the lower blade by gripping the handle parallel to the long side rim, and moving the handle parallel to the long side rim. In an experiment using reconstructed lithic tools, usemarks similar to excavated samples were formed by cutting herbaceous plants and digging ground that included roots of gramineous plants. Distribution of polish marks on almost all the surface of the excavated lithic tools suggests they were used to comb out clustered herbaceous plants at the root. Rather than traditionally regarded plowing tool used on the ground,“ ground breaking tools” are considered to be lithic tools for weeding, used to cut herbaceous plants. 続きを見る
26.

論文

論文
阿布都西庫尓, 阿不都熱合曼
出版情報: 人間社会環境研究.  15  pp.1-17,  2008-03-27.  金沢大学大学院人間社会環境研究科
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/9826
27.

論文

論文
俵, 友恵 ; 長沼, 理恵 ; 林, 千寿子
出版情報: 金沢大学医学部保健学科紀要 = Memoirs of School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine Kanazawa University.  22  pp.249-252,  1998-12-25.  金沢大学医学部保健学科 = School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/43836
28.

論文

論文
唐, 寧 ; 伊崎, 陽彦 ; 徳田, 貴裕 ; 季, 若男 ; 董, 麗君 ; 呉, 慶 ; 周, 志俊 ; 黄, 蓉 ; 林, 振宇 ; 亀田, 貴之 ; 鳥羽, 陽 ; 島, 正之 ; 早川, 和一
出版情報: 分析化学 = BUNSEKI KAGAKU.  62  pp.267-273,  2013-01-01.  日本分析化学会 = The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/36937
概要: Urban air contains various kinds of organic pollutants. Among them, several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are carcinogenic and/or endocrine disrupting. PAHs and NPAHs in the atmosphere mainly originate from imperfect combustion of organic matter, such as petroleum and coal. In this study, total suspended particles (TSP) were collected in three different particulate size fractions by using Andersen low-volume air samplers in Shenyang, Shanghai and Fuzhou, China, in the winter and summer seasons in 2010. Nine PAHs and twelve NPAHs in the extracts from the TSP were analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detection and chemiluminescence detection, respectively. The mean concentrations of the sums of the nine PAHs and twelve NPAHs were highest in Shenyang and lowest in Fuzhou. In each city, more than 80% of the total PAHs and total NPAHs were found in the fine particulate fraction (<2.1 μm). All PAHs and NPAHs were clearly higher in the winter than in the summer. Furthermore, the ratio of the molar concentrations of 1-nitropyrene to pyrene ([1-NP]/[Pyr]), which is a suitable indicator to estimate the contribution of diesel-engine vehicles and coal combustion to urban TSP, were smaller in Shenyang in the winter. However, in Shanghai, Fuzhou and Shenyang (summer), the [1-NP]/[Pyr] ratios were close to those of particulates released from diesel-engine automobiles. Our study showed that the major contributors of atmospheric PAHs and NPAHs were diesel-engine vehicles both in the winter and the summer in Shanghai and Fuzhou, and in the summer in Shenyang. However, in the winter in Shenyang, atmospheric PAHs and NPAHs seemed to be affected by the mixture of coal combustion systems, such as coal heating and diesel-engine vehicles. 2010年の冬季及び夏季に中国の東部に位置する瀋陽,上海及び福州で総浮遊粒子状物質をアンダーセン式ローボリウムエアサンプラーを用いて粒径別(<2.1 μm,2.1~7 μm,>7 μm)に捕集した.強い発がん性または内分泌かく乱性を有する9種の多環芳香族炭化水素(PAH)と12種のニトロ多環芳香族炭化水素(NPAH)をそれぞれ高速液体クロマトグラフ(HPLC)蛍光検出法,HPLC化学発光検出法で分析した.その結果,3都市の大気中PAH,NPAH濃度はいずれも冬高夏低の季節変動を呈し,また季節によらず瀋陽で最も高く,福州で最も低いことが分かった.また3都市の大気中PAH,NPAHの80% 以上は呼吸器への沈着率の高い微小粒子画分(<2.1 μm)に存在した.さらに,大気中PAH,NPAHの主要発生源の識別マーカーであるピレンに対する1-ニトロピレン濃度比を3都市で比較した結果,上海,福州及び夏季の瀋陽の大気中PAH,NPAHの主要発生源がディーゼル車であり,冬季の瀋陽はディーゼル車と石炭暖房施設の両方であることが明らかになった. 続きを見る
29.

論文

論文
唐, 寧 ; 伊崎, 陽彦 ; 徳田, 貴裕 ; 季, 若男 ; 董, 麗君 ; 呉, 慶 ; 周, 志俊 ; 黄, 蓉 ; 林, 振宇 ; 亀田, 貴之 ; 鳥羽, 陽 ; 島, 正之 ; 早川, 和一
出版情報: 分析化学 = Japan analyst.  62  pp.267-273,  2013-01-01.  日本分析化学会
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/43418
概要: Urban air contains various kinds of organic pollutants. Among them, several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are carcinogenic and/or endocrine disrupting. PAHs and NPAHs in the atmosphere mainly originate from imperfect combustion of organic matter, such as petroleum and coal. In this study, total suspended particles (TSP) were collected in three different particulate size fractions by using Andersen low-volume air samplers in Shenyang, Shanghai and Fuzhou, China, in the winter and summer seasons in 2010. Nine PAHs and twelve NPAHs in the extracts from the TSP were analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detection and chemiluminescence detection, respectively. The mean concentrations of the sums of the nine PAHs and twelve NPAHs were highest in Shenyang and lowest in Fuzhou. In each city, more than 80% of the total PAHs and total NPAHs were found in the fine particulate fraction (<2.1 μm). All PAHs and NPAHs were clearly higher in the winter than in the summer. Furthermore, the ratio of the molar concentrations of 1-nitropyrene to pyrene ([1-NP]/[Pyr]), which is a suitable indicator to estimate the contribution of diesel-engine vehicles and coal combustion to urban TSP, were smaller in Shenyang in the winter. However, in Shanghai, Fuzhou and Shenyang (summer), the [1-NP]/[Pyr] ratios were close to those of particulates released from diesel-engine automobiles. Our study showed that the major contributors of atmospheric PAHs and NPAHs were diesel-engine vehicles both in the winter and the summer in Shanghai and Fuzhou, and in the summer in Shenyang. However, in the winter in Shenyang, atmospheric PAHs and NPAHs seemed to be affected by the mixture of coal combustion systems, such as coal heating and diesel-engine vehicles. 2010年の冬季及び夏季に中国の東部に位置する瀋陽,上海及び福州で総浮遊粒子状物質をアンダーセン式ローボリウムエアサンプラーを用いて粒径別(<2.1 μm,2.1~7 μm,>7 μm)に捕集した.強い発がん性または内分泌かく乱性を有する9種の多環芳香族炭化水素(PAH)と12種のニトロ多環芳香族炭化水素(NPAH)をそれぞれ高速液体クロマトグラフ(HPLC)蛍光検出法,HPLC化学発光検出法で分析した.その結果,3都市の大気中PAH,NPAH濃度はいずれも冬高夏低の季節変動を呈し,また季節によらず瀋陽で最も高く,福州で最も低いことが分かった.また3都市の大気中PAH,NPAHの80% 以上は呼吸器への沈着率の高い微小粒子画分(<2.1 μm)に存在した.さらに,大気中PAH,NPAHの主要発生源の識別マーカーであるピレンに対する1-ニトロピレン濃度比を3都市で比較した結果,上海,福州及び夏季の瀋陽の大気中PAH,NPAHの主要発生源がディーゼル車であり,冬季の瀋陽はディーゼル車と石炭暖房施設の両方であることが明らかになった. 続きを見る
30.

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論文
周, 如軍
出版情報: 日本海域研究 = Japan sea research.  44  pp.57-69,  2013-03-19.  金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター = Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology Kanazawa University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/35888
31.

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論文
周, 如軍
出版情報: 日本海域研究 = Japan Sea Research Kanazawa University.  43  pp.61-74,  2012-03-19.  金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター = Kanazawa University Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/30441
32.

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三津野, 真澄 ; 田崎, 和江 ; 菅沼, 浩敏
出版情報: 金沢大学理学部付属植物園年報 = Annual report of Botanic Garden, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University.  25  pp.29-46,  2002-03-31.  金沢大学理学部付属植物園 = Botanic Garden, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/45816
概要: China has been suffering from two environmental issues of the desertfication and coal ash (residue after combustion of coal). The pot planting experiments were performed in order to examine the application of coal ash to afforest in desertificated areas. Four soils (desertificated soil, sand, Akadama and Kanuma) and three coal ashes (Chinese coal ash, clinker ash and fly ash) were mixed with various combinations and rates in pots, which the four kinds of plants were planted. The following observations and analyses were carried out about plants and soils in pots; mineralogical, physical and chemical analyses of soils, the rate of growth, observation of plants (up ground and underground parts), cultivation of soil microbes, and chemical composition of leaves. The results indicated that the plants in coal ash (especially clinker ash 100%) and soils added coal ash grew up very well with developed roots and root hairs. The K and P contents in leaves were high in case of mixture of soils and coal ash. The results of cultivation experiment in media showed that the soil microbes (bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi) multiplied in case of pots with clinker ash. The clinker ash provides the microbes with water and living site because of porous structure with numerous cavities. The microbes multiplied around the plant roots form the mycorrhizas. The nutrient absorption increases into plant thorough the mycorrhizas. This study shows the possibility that addition of coal ash (clinker ash) into soils might be effect on afforestation in desertificated soils as remediation. 続きを見る
33.

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Haoying, Han ; Liyun, Lin
出版情報: International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development.  5  pp.80-92,  2017-04-15.  SPSD Press
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/47857
概要: In this paper, method of scenario planning is applied to the study of land use planning, putting forward a new approach to analyze future growth of city's built-up land in the context of future uncertainty. By introducing economic and policy factors into land use system, a calculation model of urban built-up land is built based on the correlation between industries and land use. And using Chongqing Municipality from China as an example, we establish 6 different scenarios and simulate future development of city's land use from 2015 to 2020 under each scenario. The results indicate that Chongqing will meet fast urban expansion according to current trend and is in urgent need to improve its land use efficiency which shows strongest effect in controlling city size. 続きを見る
34.

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論文
Fan, Yang ; Yan, Li ; Jiangang, Xu
出版情報: International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development.  4  pp.46-59,  2016-04-15.  SPSD Press
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/45336
概要: With the rapid urbanization progress of China, a study on an urban GHG inventory is of great significance. However, related studies in China are still in the exploratory stage. This paper firstly introduces three major urban GHG inventory accounting methods and related issues with regard to Chinese cities, and then reviews the published studies of urban GHG inventories in China in the past few years. Methodology frameworks, gas types, emission scopes, geographical boundaries are examined and compared. With great distinctions in the accounting methods and contents, there is no direct comparability between the research results. However, the following characteristics can still be found: the GHG emissions per capita and GHG emissions per unit of GDP are higher than the world average level, and the total GHG emissions maintains an increasing trend, although the GHG emissions per unit of GDP keeps declining. Currently, researches on the urban GHG inventory in China are mainly based on the non-urban-level IPCC Guidelines and Provincial-level guidelines. The release of urban-level GHG inventory estimation guidelines in China is expected to provide unified standards for related studies in the future. 続きを見る
35.

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論文
Bo, Bi ; Xiaoling, Zhang
出版情報: International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development.  4  pp.31-48,  2016-01-15.  SPSD Press
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/45044
概要: Whether the principle of ‘attending nearby schools’ is an obligation or an option makes a big difference in promoting ed ucation equity. This paper explores how the setting up of a de jure catchment area together with other complex socio-economic factors in China’s context distorted the initiative intention of ‘attending nearby schools’, via a case study of Xicheng District in central Beijing where quality public schools are concentrated and their catchment areas were accurately divided. With the unbalanced distribution of basic education resources formed by history, the remaining controversial hukou system, and the rapid urban and social transformations increasing parental choice, a contradiction exists within the Chinese public school enrolment system where the admission right is directly bound up with residential registration (hukou): an emphasis of equal access to basic education, but an opposite outcome. In order to reveal the causes and effects of the ‘attending nearby schools’ policy in practice, the paper illustrates the spatial pattern of de jure school catchment areas by GIS-based mapping, explores the relationship in demographics classified by hukou status between the schools and catchments and collected representative opinions among residents on the policy implementation through semi-structured in-depth interviews. By explaining the disparity between school composition and the residential pattern of typical catchments with the choice behaviours of nonnative/native groups, the paper discusses the legitimacy underlying the current enrolment system and makes suggestions for future reform. 続きを見る
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Zhang, Danming ; Shen, Zhenjiang ; Dang, Anrong
出版情報: International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development.  1  pp.46-60,  2013-01-01.  SPSD Press
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/34407
概要: China has stepped into the accelerating phase of urbanization since the early 1980s, which has boosted the electricity consumption and CO2 emission of the urban area. Most existing studies discussed related issues on national or regional scale from the perspective of the energy sector, but little research has focused on the scale of urban level and topics in urban development. This paper intends to utilize the approach of spatial analysis and spatial statistics to identify the potential and feasibility of Chinese cities in developing distributed photovoltaic power system (D-PVPS) for meeting household electricity demand. The result shows that most Chinese cities are feasible to develop the D-PVPS which can totally cover the present household electricity consumption in residential area, based on the estimation carried out in this paper. Some of the rest cities are also suitable to develop the D-PVPS in the visible future when photoelectric ratio enhances. Finally, policy implications and suggestions are raised to promote the much broader D-PVPS application in Chinese cities under the background of future urbanization 続きを見る
37.

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中村, 慎一 ; Nakamura, Shinichi
出版情報: 平成17(2005)年度 科学研究費補助金 基盤研究(B) 研究成果報告書 = 2005 Fiscal Year Final Research Report.  2003-2005  pp.20p.-,  2006-03.  金沢大学人間社会研究域歴史言語文化学系
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/00051879
概要: 3ヵ年にわたり延べ80日余りを現地調査に費やした。対象とした遺跡は数多いが、中でも蕭山跨湖橋(跨湖橋文化)、余姚田螺山(河姆渡文化)、余杭卞家山(良渚文化)、諸曁尖山湾(銭山漾類型)の諸遺跡につき集中的な調査・分析を行った。調査内容は、遺跡 の踏査および土壌サンプリング、各種人工遺物の観察・実測・写真撮影、木製品の樹種同定、土壌試料のプレパラート作成および顕微鏡観察(花粉、プラント・オパール、珪藻、微小種実、寄生虫卵)からなる。木製品研究については、器種ごとの使用樹種を同定することにより、地域的・時代的な用材傾向を明らかにすることができた。また、製作痕・使用痕の綿密な観察、民族事例との比較、日本出土の例品との対比などを行った結果、従来不明とされていたいくつかの木器の用途が判明した。跨湖橋遺跡の弓はその代表であり、おそらく世界最古の例となろう。また、この弓の表面の「膜」が間違いなく漆であり、かつ、酸化鉄を顔料として用いていることが赤外線吸収スペクトル分析により判明した。結果的に、科学的鑑定を経たものとしては世界最古の漆器を確認することになった。編み物については、諸曁尖山湾遺跡出土品20点余りの調査を行ったことにより、編織技法と器形の復元について中国江南地域で初の分類案を提示することができた。土壌試料の分析からも多くの知見を得ることができたが、中でもヒプシサーマル期に相当する田螺山遺跡において短い周期で海進・海退が繰り返されていたことを珪藻分析から解明した点は最大の成果といえる。また、同遺跡ではボーリング試料のプラント・オパール分析によって水田址の範囲推定を行うことができた。<br />We have carried out thorough investigations into archaeobotany-related remains from Neolithic sites of the Lower Yangtse Region, China from the summer of 2003 through to the winter of 2005. The major sites researched are Kuahuqiao, Xiaoshan County, Tianluoshan, Yuyao County, Bianjiashan, Yuhan County and Jianshanwan, Zhuji County. The investigations consist of archaeological recording, botanical identification and physical analyses. The main results of the project can be summed up as follows,1.Rough reconstruction of wooden artifact industry of each period has been established.2.Correspondence between wooden artifact types and tree species has been elucidated.3.The oldest lacquer ware in China has been found from Kuahuqiao site. It was confirmed by infrared spectrum analysis. And the pigment used on it proved to be iron oxide.4.We have examined more than twenty basketry specimens from Jianshanwan site and proposed a tentative classification of basketry techniques of the period.5.Undulatory changes of sea levels around the hypsithemal period have been reconstructed by diatom analysis of the soil samples from Tianluoshan site.6.The areas of rice paddy has been estimated through phytolith analysis of boring samples at Tianluoshan site.<br />研究課題/領域番号: 15401026, 研究期間(年度):2003-2005<br />出典:「長江下流域新石器文化の植物考古学的研究」研究成果報告書 課題番号15401026 (KAKEN:科学研究費助成事業データベース(国立情報学研究所))   本文データは著者版報告書より作成 続きを見る
38.

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論文
中村, 慎一 ; Nakamura, Shinichi
出版情報: 平成14(2002)年度 科学研究費補助金 基盤研究(B) 研究成果報告書 = 2002 Fiscal Year Final Research Report.  2000-2002  pp.208p.-,  2002-03-30.  金沢大学人間社会研究域歴史言語文化学系
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2297/00051880
概要: 平成12年度から14年度にかけて計5回の実地調査を実施した。調査日数は延べ115日間に及ぶ。その内容は、石器の観察(金属顕微鏡を用いた使用痕観察を含む)と記録(写真・実測図・文字記録)といった考古学的調査と、石材鑑定ならびに石材産地踏査とい った岩石・鉱物学的調査からなる。その結果得られた主な学術的成果は以下のとおりである。1)穿孔器、切割器、石犂側板など、従来良渚文化石器の器種として認定されていなかったものを独立器種として確定することができた。2)ほとんどすべての石器器種につき器種と石材との間に明確な対応関係が存在することが判明した。例を挙げれば、鎌はホルンフェルス、犂は粘板岩、片刃石斧は流紋岩、鏃は凝灰岩といった具合である。また、鉞と一括される穿孔石斧類の中でも、形態と用材とがほぼ一対一で対応することが確認された。こうした現象と岩石産地踏査から知られる石材産地の限定性とを併せ考える時、器種ごとの石器専業生産地の存在が強く示唆された。3)金属顕微鏡観察の結果、これまで中耕・除草具と考えられていた耘田器が実は収穫具であること、また、溝切り具とされていた破土器が何らかのイネ科植物の伐採具であることが判明した。4)石材産地の踏査結果から、杭州市半山=砂岩、余杭市瓶窯=流紋岩・凝灰岩、呉県光福=ホルンフェルス等々の石材産地の候補地をピックアップすることができた。<br />We have carried out thorough investigations into stone tools of Liangzhu Culture from the summer of 2000 through to the winter of 2002. The investigations consist of archaeological recording and petrological identification. The major results of the project can be summed up as follows.1) Some new types like drill, cutter and mold-board of plow have been established.2) Clear correspondence between tool types and stone materials has been elucidated. For example, sickles or scythes are made of hornfels, plows are of slate, chisels are of rhyolite and arrow-heads are of tuff. Yue axes are also divided into many sub-types according to their shapes and materials. As the result of petrological explorations suggests, each of stone materials are distributed in patches and apart from one another, so we can speculate that specialized lithic production occurred during Liangzhu period.3) We have examined many specimens with a high-powered metal microscope and shed light on the function of some tool types through micro-wear analysis. Yuntianqi knives are recognized as harvesters for rice and potuqi knives may be cutters for other Gramineae plants.4) Petrological explorations have elucidated some possible localities of lithic production.<br />研究課題/領域番号:12571030, 研究期間(年度):2000-2002<br />出典:「良渚文化における石器の生産と流通に関する研究」研究成果報告書 課題番号12571030 (KAKEN:科学研究費助成事業データベース(国立情報学研究所))   本文データは著者版報告書より作成 続きを見る