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論文
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難波, 恒雄 ; 葉, 加南 ; 小松, かつ子 ; 蔡, 小青 ; 御影, 雅幸
概要:
More than 800 kinds of folk medicines are said to be used in Sichuan Province of China. Of them, three kinds of crude dr
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ugs, derived from the whole plants of Oxalis species (Oxalidaceae) and now on the market, were studied pharmacognostically and the internal structures of the leaves and petioles were compared with those of nine Oxalis species growing in China and Japan. As the result, the botanical origins of "Suan-jiang-cao" (酸漿草), "San-kuai-wa" (三塊瓦) and "Tong-chui-cao" (銅錘草) were proved to be O. corniculata, O. griffithii and O. corymbosa, respectively.中国では漢方の流布とは別に, 古くから各地域でそれぞれ固有の生薬を開発し利用してきた. なかでも現在の四川省は面積が約57万km2, 人口約1億の多民族が居住する地域で, 薬物資源も豊富で, 中草薬として3, 000種類以上があるとされ2), そのなかで800種以上は民間薬として現在でも実際に用いられている3), また, 四川省で採集された民間薬は省内の市場だけではなく, 省外の広い区域にも出廻り利用されている. しかし, これらの正品に関する研究はもとより, 現市場品の基源に関する研究もほとんどなされておらず, 市場には「同物異名品」や「異物同名品」が数多くみられる. そこで今回, 新資源開発ならびに中国における漢方薬と民間薬の関連性を明らかにすることを踏まえて, 四川省産民間薬の調査を行い, 比較的流通量の多い薬物の基源を順次解明する目的で本研究に着手した本報ではカタバミ科のOxalis属植物に由来する薬物について述べる.
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| 2.
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論文
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難波, 恒雄 ; 小松, かつ子 ; 小野, 淳子 ; 鳴橋, 直弘 ; 御影, 雅幸
概要:
"Fu-pen-zi" (覆盆子) is the fruit drug, used in Chinese traditional medicine as the remedies for impotence, pollution and p
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remature ejaculation, bet-wetting, frequency of urination, etc. "Fu-pen-zi" from China Continent is considered to be derived from immature fruits of Rubus chingii Hu in general, while in local from other Rubus fruits. On the other hand, the botanical origin of "Fu-pen-zi" produced in Korea is regarded as R. coreanus MIQ., R. crataegifolius BUNGE, R. parvifolius L., etc. Rubus fruits are so similar in outer view that the botanical origins of "Fu-pen-zi" seem to be in confusion on present markets. Then, to identify the botanical origins of "Fu-pen-zi" in recent markets and discuss historical correct botanical one, a series of pharmacognostical studies on Rubus plants will be present in turn. The present paper describes anatomical fundamental characteristics of Rubus fruits, including calyxes and peduncles. Moreover one botanical origin of "Fu-pen-zi" from Korea was identified. The results showed that some of "Fu-pen-zi" from Korea were derived from the fruits of R. coreanus.
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| 3.
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御影, 雅幸 ; 小松, かつ子 ; 難波, 恒雄
概要:
「営実」は『神農本草経』2)の上品に「味酸温主癰疽悪瘡結肉跌筋敗瘡熱気陰蝕不疹利関節一名墻薇…」と初めて収載され, 中国で古くから主として瘡毒の解毒や利水薬として用いられてきた. 一方, わが国では古くから「営実」は瀉下薬として利用されてお
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り, 現在でも家庭薬原料として重要な薬物であり, 局方収載品でもある. 「営実」の基源については『中薬大辞典』3)にバラ科のRosa multiflora THUNB. ノイバラの果実であると記され, わが国の薬局方には「R.multifloraまたはその近縁植物の偽果または果実である」4)と規定されている. 藤田5)は日本産の「営実」が組織学的におもにR.multifloraの果実であることを証明しているが, 今回日本市場を調査したところ現市場には日本産はほとんど見られず, 朝鮮半島や中国産の商品が大半を占めていた. 朝鮮半島の「営実」についてはR.multifloraが報告されているが, 他に.R.maximowicziana REGELツルノイバラも使用することが記されている6). Large sized “Ying shi,” which are collected from the Chinese mainland and North Korea, have recently become available in the markets of Japan and Hongkong. In order to identify their botanical origin, several fruits of the genus Rosa were examined histologically. The studied plants are Rosa maximowicziana REGEL, R. hirtula NAKAI, R. rugosa THUNB., R. davurica PALLAS, R. nipponensis CREPIN, R. suavis WILLD. and R. multiflora THUNB. A new technique was used in this study, comprising the carbonization treatment of whole fruit followed by examination with a scanning electron microscope. From the comparative studies of the secondary electron microscopic images and the measurement of isolated tissues, the large sized “Ying shi” was identified as the fruit of R. davurica. This method is useful for the study of the internal structures of crude drugs having a hard coat and microstructures, such as drugs of seed origin.
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| 4.
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論文
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難波, 恒雄 ; 小松, かつ子 ; 御影, 雅幸
概要:
In China Continent, "Fu-pen-zi" is considered to be derived from immature Rubus fruits, while that produced in the Korean Peninsula is from mature ones. With regard to the use of "Fu-pen-zi," it is important to find out whether the drug
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consists of mature fruits or immature ones, because constituents of fruits are expected to change with growth and so are its remedial results. Then, to clarify the growing stage of "Fu-pen-zi," anatomical studies of fruits, calyxes and pedicels of cultivated Rubus coreanus MIQ., which was one of the botanical origins from Korea, were done in its different developmental stages. Our results show that the growing course of fruits is divided into three stages, A, B and C based on the anatomical characteristics of fruitlets, especially mesocarp and endocarp. In this method of division, "Fu-pen-zi" derived from R. coreanus was fruits at the latter half of stage B or stage C, that is, just before ripening or ripening stage.
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| 5.
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論文
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難波, 恒雄 ; 小松, かつ子 ; 劉, 玉萍 ; 御影, 雅幸
概要:
"Ra-mNye"(発音はRa-Nye)は重要なチベット薬物である. 17世紀に著わされたチベット医学の本草書"Shel-Gong Shel-Phreng"(漢訳本『晶珠本草』2))によれば, 滋補薬の上品で, 老化防止や延命の作用があり,
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瘡癰, 食欲不振などに応用され, また安胎薬でもある. 『西蔵常用中草薬』3a)では脾胃を補い, 肺を潤し, 津液を生じさせる薬物とされ, 虚労や筋肉無力をはじめとする諸々の虚症状に用いると記載されている. "Ra-mNye"の基源については『晶珠本草』の「五根4)の中でも優れたものである」という記載から根類生薬であることがわかる. また19世紀初めに著わされた'Jam-dpal Rdo-rjeの薬物書5)の付図(Fig. 1)から, 原植物はユリ科のPolygonatum 属植物であると考えられる. 『晶珠本草』の編者による解説では, P. cirrhiifolium, P. odoratum var. pluriflorum, P. sibiricumなどがあてられ, また『青蔵高原薬物図鑑』7)ではP. verticillatum, Meyer6)は上記の種以外にP. cathcartiiおよびP. officinaleをあてている. “Ra-mNye” is one of the valuable crude drugs in traditional Tibetan medicine. It is used for the treatment of emaciation, senility, poor appetite, lung trouble, etc. and is said to be derived from the rhizomes of some Polygonatum plants of the family Liliaceae. According to our survey, in the markets of Nepal, “Ra-mNye,” and two other crude drugs called “Ra-Mo-Shag” and “Lug-Mo-Shag,” all derived from Polygonatum species, were available. In this paper, “Ra-mNye” and the two related drugs were anatomically studied to identify their botanical origins, by comparing them with the rhizomes of P. verticillatum, P. cirrhifolium, P. curvistylum, P. singalilense, P. oppositifolium, P. punctatum and P. hookeri, growing wild in the Himalaya regions. The result showed that the botanical origin of “Ra-mNye” and the two drugs was P. verticillatum.
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| 6.
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論文
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難波, 恒雄 ; 小松, かつ子 ; 御影, 雅幸
概要:
Though "Fu-pen-zi" from Korea has been considered to be derived from the fruits of Rubus coreanus MIQ. in general, we had already clarified that it was only used locally. In order to identify the botanical origin of Korean "Fu-pen-zi"
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available mainly in the recent markets of urban areas such as Seoul, Pusan, Daegu, Daejeon, etc., R. crataegifolius BUNGE and R. takeshimensis NAKAI of Section Microphylii were studied comparative anatomically. Our results showed that this "Fu-pen-zi" corresponded to the fruits with calyxes and often pedicels of R. crataegifolius growing in the Korean Peninsula. Its developmental degree was unripening (stage B) or ripening stage (stage C).
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